Superposed order
Superposed order (also superimposed)[1] is one where successive storeys of a building have different orders.[2] The most famous ancient example of such an order is the Colosseum at Rome, which had no less than four storeys of superposed orders.[3] The superposition rules were developed in ancient Greece and were also actively used in the architecture of ancient Rome. Later, the order was used in the architecture of the Renaissance and Baroque.
Composition
The heaviest orders are at the bottom of a building, whilst the lightest come at the top. This rule means that the Doric order is a preferred order for the ground floor, the Ionic order is used for the middle storey, while the Corinthian or the Composite order is used for the top storey. The ground floor may also have rustication. Initially, the top story usually featured the Composite order, but, after Vincenzo Scamozzi published his treatise L'idea dell'architettura universale (The Idea of a Universal Architecture, Venice, 1615), architects switched to the Corinthian order.[4]
The superposed order allowed storeys without columns, but rearrangement of order styles was strictly forbidden.
Gallery
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The Tower of The Five Orders at the Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford, completed in 1619, includes all the five Classical orders -
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Façade of the Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais from Paris
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See also
References
- ^ "Superimposed orders". en.mimi.hu. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
- ^ "Superposed order". Encyclopædia Britannica. global.britannica.com. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
- ^ Chitham, Robert (May 12, 2014). The Classical Orders of Architecture. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 118. ISBN 9781483278230.
- ^ "СУПЕРПОЗИЦИЯ". The Russian Academy of Arts (in Russian). rah.ru. Retrieved 29 August 2016.