Turbinidae

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Turbinidae
Three views of a shell of Turbo cornutus with the operculum in place
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
(unranked): clade Vetigastropoda
Superfamily: Trochoidea[1]
Family: Turbinidae
Rafinesque, 1815
Genera and species

See text.

Turbinidae, the turban snails, are a family of small to large marine gastropods. Turbinidae have a strong, thick calcareous operculum readily distinguishing them from the somewhat similar Trochidae or top snails, which have a corneous operculum. This strong operculum serves as a passive defensive structure against predators that try to enter by way of the aperture or that would break the shell at the outer lip.

Contents

[edit] Etymology

The common name turban snail presumably refers to the shell's similarity in appearance to a turban. However, the scientific name Turbinidae is based on the genus name Turbo, which is Latin for spinning top, a child's toy. Turbine has a similar derivation.

[edit] Taxonomy

Previously they were classified in the subclass Prosobranchia, in the order Archaeogastropoda in the superfamily Trochacea. Trochaecea is now a synonym for the superfamily Trochoidea. However, this is a quite ancient group of gastropods, probably originating in the Permian period 298 to 250 million years ago. [2] They have typical primitive characters like the nacreous interior of the shell.

[edit] 2005 taxonomy

Turbinidae belongs to superfamily Turbinoidea according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

This family consists of eight following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):

  • Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 - synonyms: Senectinae Swainson, 1840; Imperatorinae Gray, 1847; Astraliinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Astraeinae Davies, 1935; Bolmidae Delpey, 1941
  • Angariinae Gray, 1857 - synonym: Delphinulinae Stoliczka, 1868
  • Colloniinae Cossmann, 1917
    • tribe Colloniini Cossmann, 1917 - synonym: Bothropomatinae Thiele, 1924 (inv.); Homalopomatinae Keen, 1960; Petropomatinae Cox, 1960
    • tribe † Adeorbisinini Monari, Conti & szabo, 1995
    • tribe † Crossostomatini Cox, 1960
    • tribe † Helicocryptini Cox, 1960
  • Moellerinae Hickman & McLean, 1990
  • † Moreanellinae J. C. Fischer & Weber, 1997
  • Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990 - synonym: "Prisogastrinae" in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) is an spelling error.[3]
  • Skeneinae W. Clark, 1851 - synonym: Delphinoideinae Thiele, 1924
  • Tegulinae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971

[edit] 2008 taxonomy

Turbinidae was redefined and moved to the redefined superfamily Trochoidea according to Williams et al. (2008):[1] Angariidae was elevated to family level, Colloniinae was elevated to family Colloniidae within Phasianelloidea,[1] Margaritinae was moved to Turbinidae from Trochidae.[1]

This family consists of five following subfamilies according to Williams et al. (2008):[1]

  • Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 - synonyms: Senectinae Swainson, 1840; Imperatorinae Gray, 1847; Astraliinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Astraeinae Davies, 1935; Bolmidae Delpey, 1941
  • Skeneinae W. Clark, 1851 - synonym: Delphinoideinae Thiele, 1924
  • Margaritinae Thiele, 1924 - tribes are sensu taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
    • tribe Margaritini Thiele, 1924 - synonym: Margaritinae Stoliczka, 1868 (inv.)
    • tribe Gazini Hickman & McLean, 1990
    • tribe Kaiparathinini Marshall, 1993
  • Tegulinae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971
  • Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990

The following subfamilies (sensu Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) classification of subfamilies in Turbinidae) were kept in Turbinidae :

[edit] Genera

The shell of Guildfordia yoka, a deep water turbinid.

Genera in the Turbinidae family include:

Turbininae[5]

Skeneinae[7]

Recent molecular evidence suggests that a number of these genera in Skeneinae probably belong to other families altogether, so many of these assignments must be regarded as provisional.[10][11]

Margaritinae

Tegulinae[13]

Prisogasterinae

Moelleriinae

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Williams S. T., Karube S. & Ozawa T. (September 2008) "Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined". Zoologica Scripta 37(5): 483-506. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x
  2. ^ Alf A., Kreipl K. & Poppe G. T. (2003) The Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo. In: Poppe G. T. & Groh K. (eds.): A Conchological Iconography: 68 pp., 95 colour plates, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, ISBN 3-925919-27-9.
  3. ^ a b Gofas, S. (2009). Prisogasterinae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382193 on 2010-04-19
  4. ^ Search for Moelleria, National Center for Biotechnology Information, accessed 19 April 2010.
  5. ^ Gofas, S. (2009). Turbininae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225151 on 2010-04-19
  6. ^ Alf A. & Kreipl K. (2011) The family Turbinidae. Subfamilies Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 and Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990. In: G.T. Poppe & K. Groh (eds), A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. pp. 1-82, pls 104-245.
  7. ^ WoRMS (2010). Skeneidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=115 on 2010-04-19
  8. ^ WoRMS (2009). Dillwynella. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=413477 on 2010-04-19
  9. ^ WoRMS (2009). Tharsis Jeffreys, 1883. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=437228 on 2010-04-19
  10. ^ Kano, Yasunori (January 2008). "Vetigastropod phylogeny and a new concept of Seguenzioidea: independent evolution of copulatory organs in the deep-sea habitats". Zoologica Scripta 37 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00316.x. 
  11. ^ Kano, Yasunori; Chikyu, Eri; Warén, Anders (2009). "Morphological, ecological and molecular characterization of the enigmatic planispiral snail genus Adeuomphalus (Vetigastropoda: Seguenzioidea)". Journal of Molluscan Studies 75 (4): 397–418. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyp037. 
  12. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Margarites Gray, 1847. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138592 on 2010-04-19
  13. ^ WoRMS (2009). Tegulinae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382195 on 2010-04-19
  14. ^ Gofas, S. (2009). Moelleria Jeffreys, 1865. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138606 on 2010-04-19

[edit] External links

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