User:Mr. Ibrahem/Alopecia areata
| Alopecia areata | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Alopecia Celsi, vitiligo capitis, Jonston's alopecia[1] |
 | |
| Alopecia areata seen on the back of the scalp | |
| Pronunciation |
|
| Specialty | Dermatology |
| Symptoms | Areas of hair loss, usually on the scalp[2] |
| Usual onset | Childhood[2] |
| Causes | Autoimmune[2] |
| Risk factors | Family history, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, celiac disease[2][3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Trichotillomania, alopecia mucinosa, postpartum alopecia[1] |
| Treatment | Sunscreen, head coverings to protect from sun and cold[2] |
| Medication | Cortisone injections[1] |
| Prognosis | Does not affect life expectancy[2][1] |
| Frequency | ~2% (US)[2] |
Alopecia areata, also known as spot baldness, is a condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body.[1] Often it results in a few bald spots on the scalp, each about the size of a coin.[2] Psychological stress may result.[2] People are generally otherwise healthy.[2] In a few cases, all the hair on the scalp or all body hair is lost and loss can be permanent.[2][1]
Alopecia areata is believed to be an autoimmune disease resulting from a breach in the immune privilege of the hair follicles.[4] Risk factors include a family history of the condition.[2] Among identical twins, if one is affected, the other has about a 50% chance of also being affected.[2] The underlying mechanism involves failure by the body to recognize its own cells with subsequent immune mediated destruction of the hair follicle.[2]
No cure for the condition is known.[2] Efforts may be used to try to speed hair regrowth such as cortisone injections.[2][1] Sunscreen, head coverings to protect from cold and sun, and glasses if the eyelashes are missing are recommended.[2] In some cases, the hair regrows and the condition does not reoccur.[2] In others, hair loss and regrowth occurs over years.[2] Among those in whom all body hair is lost, less than 10% recover.[5]
About 0.15% of people are affected at any one time and 2% of people are affected at some point in time.[2][5] Onset is usually in childhood.[2] Males and females have the condition in equal numbers.[1] The condition does not affect a person's life expectancy.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Alopecia Areata - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). 2004. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Liaison, Ray Fleming, Office of Communications and Public (May 2016). "Questions and Answers About Alopecia Areata". NIAMS. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Hordinsky M, Junqueira AL (June 2015). "Alopecia areata update". Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery (Review). 34 (2): 72–5. doi:10.12788/j.sder.2015.0160. PMID 26176283.
- ^ Rajabi, F.; Drake, L.A.; Senna, M.M.; Rezaei, N. (2018). "Alopecia areata: A review of disease pathogenesis". British Journal of Dermatology. 179 (5): 1033–1048. doi:10.1111/bjd.16808. PMID 29791718. S2CID 43940520.
- ^ a b Beigi, Pooya Khan Mohammad (2018). Alopecia Areata: A Clinician's Guide. Springer. p. 14. ISBN 9783319721347. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
