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Willoughby, Warwickshire

Coordinates: 52°18′11″N 1°14′38″W / 52.303°N 1.244°W / 52.303; -1.244
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Willoughby
St Nicholas' parish church
Willoughby is located in Warwickshire
Willoughby
Willoughby
Location within Warwickshire
Population398 (2011 Census)[1]
OS grid referenceSP5167
Civil parish
  • Willoughby
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townRugby
Postcode districtCV23
Dialling code01788
PoliceWarwickshire
FireWarwickshire
AmbulanceWest Midlands
UK Parliament
WebsiteWilloughby, a Warwickshire Village
List of places
UK
England
Warwickshire
52°18′11″N 1°14′38″W / 52.303°N 1.244°W / 52.303; -1.244

Willoughby is a village and civil parish about 5 miles (8 km) south of Rugby, England. The village is about 4.5 miles (7 km) northwest of Daventry in neighbouring Northamptonshire and the eastern boundary of the parish forms part of the county boundary. Willoughby's toponym is derived from Old Norse Viligbýr meaning "willow farmstead".[citation needed] The parish is bounded to the south by the River Leam and to the west by one of its tributaries. The village is just west of the main road between Daventry and Coventry, now the A45 road. The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 398.[1]

Manor

Before the Norman Conquest Willoughby comprised five small estates.[2] Ordric held two hides, Leuiet and Goduin held half a hide and Ulvric held three small estates totalling one and a half virgates.[2] The Domesday Book of 1086 records that the tenants still held their respective holdings, with Turchil of Warwick as their feudal landlord, but also the Norman baron Hugh de Grandmesnil held one and one sixth hides at Willoughby and Hillmorton.[2] Henry I (reigned 1100–35) granted the Grandmesnil estates at Willoughby and Shrewley to a man called Wigan in return for service.[2] Wigan's son Ralph died by 1215 and the estate eventually descended to Ralph's brother William and nephew Ivo.[2]

By 1242 Ivo had died without an heir so his uncle Thurstan enfeoffed his 10 virgates at Willoughby to the Hospital of St John the Baptist, Oxford.[2] The Augustinian Canons Ashby Priory in Northamptonshire also had an interest in the manor of Willoughby so the master of the hospital had to give the prior 50 marks of silver.[2] However, landowners made further grants of land to the hospital and by 1316 it held the Lord of the manor.[2] In 1457 William Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester founded Magdalen College, Oxford on the site of the Hospital of St John the Baptist.[2] All of the hospital's endowments were transferred to the new college, and remained in its possession until the 20th century.[2]

Parish church

Willoughby's parish church dates from 1215 at the latest.[citation needed] The font has Early English Gothic carvings on its rim[3] and dates from 1230.[citation needed] Thurstan had granted the advowson to the Hospital of St John the Baptist by 1246.[2] However, the present Church of England parish church of Saint Nicholas is a Perpendicular Gothic building[3] dating entirely from the early part of the 16th century.[2] It has north and south aisles and arcades with characteristically late-Perpendicular four-centred arches.[3]

The chancel was later rebuilt in brick, probably early in the 19th century.[3] St Nicholas' is a Grade II* listed building.[4] The bell tower has a clock that may date from early in the 17th century.[2] It has also a ring of six bells.[5] Joseph Smith of Edgbaston[6] cast five of them in 1713;[5] William Chapman of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry cast the tenor bell in 1781.[5] St Nicholas' parish is now part of a single benefice with the parishes of Flecknoe, Grandborough, Leamington Hastings and Birdingbury.[7]

Economic and social history

Vale House, a 17th-century[8] timber-framed house in Lower Street
The Smithy, an 18th-century[9] ironstone house in Main Street
The Rose Inn
Main Street

In 1248 the Hospital of St John the Baptist was granted the right to hold a weekly market at Willoughby every Tuesday and a two-day annual fair at Whitsun.[2] The Tuesday market was still held in the 1830s.[2] Pye Court was originally Pie Court and was the seat of the Court of Pie Powder.[citation needed] This was a court associated with the market whose business included licensing hawkers and punishing acts of misdemeanour or nuisance.[citation needed] In October 1642 Parliamentarian troops on the way to the Battle of Edge Hill tried to pull down an ancient cross in Willoughby but were dissuaded by the vicar.[2] It may have been a market cross or a preaching cross.

Construction of the Oxford Canal began north of Coventry in 1769 and was dug through Willoughby parish, reaching Napton-on-the-Hill by 1774.[10] The canal passes east of Willoughby village and Willoughby Wharf was established 1⁄2-mile (800 m) northeast of the village where the road to Barby crosses the canal. Between 1794 and 1805 the rival Grand Junction Canal was built from Braunston to Brentford, with a wharf at Braunston competing with the Oxford's wharf at Willoughby. However, in the Act of Parliament authorising the Grand Junction the Oxford succeeded in obtaining a clause to levy "bar tolls" from the Grand Junction to compensate for any loss of trade from Willoughby Wharf.[11] Willoughby had a post office by 1865. It closed down in May 2002.[12] Willoughby Cricket Club[13] was founded in 1901 and Willoughby Women's Institute was founded in 1920.[14]

Railway

In the late 1890s the Great Central Main Line was built from the north of England to London Marylebone. It passed north–south through the parish, passing under the road to Barby on the west side of the canal wharf and over the Daventry – Coventry main road just east of the village. The new main line crossed the River Leam on a 13-arch viaduct almost 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the village. This was called Willoughby Viaduct but the site is not in the parish and half of it is not even in Warwickshire.

The Great Central Railway opened the line in March 1899 with a station at the village named "Willoughby for Daventry". In 1904 the GCR renamed the station "Braunston and Willoughby for Daventry". Both names were rather optimistic, as Daventry is 4.5 miles (7 km) away, Braunston is 1 mile (1.6 km) away and both had their own stations on a branch of the London and North Western Railway. In 1938 the GCR's successor the London and North Eastern Railway renamed the station Braunston and Willoughby. British Railways closed the station in April 1957 and the line in September 1966. Little remains of the station itself but the Station Master's red-brick house survives.

Amenities

Willoughby has an 18th-century[15] public house, The Rose Inn.[16] The parish had three other pubs including the Four Crosses Inn and the Navigation. The Four Crosses has been turned into apartments and the other two former pubs are now private houses. Willoughby has a hair salon and other retail businesses.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ a b "Area: Willoughby (Parish); Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Salzman 1951, pp. 261–264
  3. ^ a b c d Pevsner & Wedgwood 1966, pp. 473
  4. ^ Historic England (6 October 1960). "Church of St Nicholas (1116454)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  5. ^ a b c Chester, Mike (7 August 2009). "Willoughby S Nicholas". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  6. ^ Dovemaster (31 October 2012). "Bell Founders". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  7. ^ Archbishops' Council (2010). "Willoughby – St Nicholas, Willoughby". A Church Near You. Church of England. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  8. ^ Historic England (3 July 1987). "Vale House (1116428)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  9. ^ Historic England (3 July 1987). "The Smithy (1034926)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  10. ^ Compton 1976, p. 20.
  11. ^ Compton 1976, p. 82.
  12. ^ Forster, Ken (September 2002). "Goodbyes & hellos". Stamp Magazine. p. 46.
  13. ^ Willoughby Cricket Club
  14. ^ "Organisations". Willoughby, a Warwickshire Village. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  15. ^ Historic England (3 July 1987). "The Rose Public House (1116423)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  16. ^ The Rose Inn, Willoughby

Bibliography

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