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{{unreferenced|date=November 2007}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox military unit
[[File:KBW XX.jpg|thumb|Medal Commemorative of the 20th Anniversary of the KBW Units.]]
| unit_name = Internal Security Corps
[[File:Sz.of. KBW.jpg|thumb|left|100px|"KBW Officer School" Emblem.]]
| native_name = Korpus Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| dates = 24 May 1965 - 1965
| disbanded =
| country = Poland
| countries =
| allegiance =
| branch =
| type = Armed force
| role =
| size =
| command_structure =
| garrison =
| garrison_label =
| nickname =
| patron =
| motto =
| colors = <!-- or | colours = -->
| colors_label = <!-- or | colours_label = -->
| march =
| mascot =
| anniversaries =
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| battles =
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
| battle_honours_label =
| flying_hours =
| website = <!-- Commanders -->
| current_commander =
| commander1 =
| commander1_label =
| commander2 =
| commander2_label =
| commander3 =
| commander3_label =
| commander4 =
| commander4_label =
| commander5 =
| commander5_label =
| commander6 =
| commander6_label =
| commander7 =
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| commander8 =
| commander8_label =
| commander9 =
| commander9_label =
| notable_commanders = <!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_label =
| identification_symbol_2 =
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| identification_symbol_3 =
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| identification_symbol_4 =
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| identification_symbol_5 =
| identification_symbol_5_label = <!-- Aircraft -->
| aircraft_attack =
| aircraft_bomber =
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| aircraft_fighter =
| aircraft_helicopter =
| aircraft_helicopter_attack =
| aircraft_helicopter_cargo =
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}}
The '''Internal Security Corps''' ({{lang-pl|Korpus Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego}}, '''KBW''') was a special-purpose [[Military organization#Commands, formations, and units|military formation]] in [[Poland]] under [[History of Poland (1945–1989)#Stalinist era (1948–1956)|communist government]], established by the [[Cabinet of Poland| Council of Ministers]] on 24 May 1945.


==History==
The '''Internal Security Corps''' ({{lang-pl|Korpus Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego}}, '''KBW''') was a special-purpose [[military unit]] established in 1945 by the Communist regime in Poland to combat and suppress activities of [[Cursed soldiers|democratic underground]] (the remnants of the [[Polish Home Army]]), [[Narodowe Sily Zbrojne]], [[Wolność i Niezawisłość]], and others, as well as the [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] armed organizations (the [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]]). Between 1945-1954, the KBW was subordinated to the [[Ministry of Public Security of Poland|Ministry of Public Security]], later to the [[Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs|Ministry of Internal Affairs]]. Between March 1945 and April 1947 alone, units of the KBW killed over 1,500 members of the Democratic Underground known as the [[Cursed Soldiers]], wounded 301, and apprehended 12,200 others. In 1965, it was included in the framework of National Defense.
{| align="right"
| [[File:KBW XX.jpg|thumb|Commemorative Medal for the 20th Anniversary of the KBW]]
| [[File:Sz.of. KBW.jpg|thumb|95px|Emblem of the ''KBW Officer School'']]
|}
The KBW consisted of 10 new cavalry regiments, an infantry division, and two buffer brigades. The corps itself was subordinate to the [[Ministry of Public Security (Poland)|Ministry of Public Security]]. By the end of August 1945, its force was made up of 29,053 soldiers and 2,356 officers. The KBW was called forth to protect key public infrastructure such as railways, but mainly to combat and suppress the [[Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1946)|anti-Communist resistance in Poland]], including activities of the "[[Cursed soldiers]]" as well as all organizations which continued their armed struggle against the Communist takeover, such as the [[Freedom and Independence]] (WiN), the [[National Armed Forces]] (NSZ), and the remnants of the [[Polish Home Army]] (AK) among others.<ref name="Tkaczew-1">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S5ES2aOguWQC&pg=PA111 | title=Korpus Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego | publisher=Bellona | work=Organa informacji Wojska Polskiego w latach 1943–1956. Kontrwywiad wojskowy | accessdate=4 June 2012 | author=Władysław Tkaczew | pages=111–112 | isbn=8311109400}}</ref>
[[File:Koszary Piastów 4.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Original postwar [[Garrison]] of the ''Internal Security Corps'' in [[Szczecin]], Poland]]


Between 1945 and 1954, the KBW fell under the responsibility of Minister [[Jakub Berman]] of the [[Politburo]], who was in charge of the [[Ministry of Public Security of Poland|Ministry of Public Security]]. Later, it was part of the [[Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs|Ministry of Internal Affairs]]. Between March 1945 and April 1947 alone, units of the KBW killed over 1,500 "Cursed soldiers", wounded 301, and apprehended 12,200 others.
In 1962, the Silesian Unit of the Engineering Army nr KBW-4 built roads in [[Bieszczady]].


In 1965, the KBW was retitled the [[Territorial Defense Forces (Poland)|Wojska Obrony Wewnętrznej]] (Internal Defense Force).
In 1965, the KBW was renamed the [[Territorial Defense Forces (Poland)|Wojska Obrony Wewnętrznej]] ("Internal Defense Force"). It was included in the framework of National Defense. Also, in 1962, the Silesian Unit of the Engineering Army (KBW-4) built roads in the [[Bieszczady Mountains|Bieszczady region]] in the extreme south-east of Poland, strategically important but an uninhabited area.


==Commanding officers==
==Commanding officers==
#March 1945 – May 1945: Col. [[Henryk Toruńczyk]]

March 1945 – May 1945: Col. [[Henryk Toruńczyk]]
#Jun 1945 – September 1946: Gen. [[Bolesław Kieniewicz]]
#1946–1948: Brigadier General [[Konrad Świetlik]]

#1948–1951: Brigadier General [[Juliusz Hibner]] (born Dawid Szwarc)
Jun 1945 – September 1946: Gen. [[Bolesław Kieniewicz]]
#1 March 1951 – 12 March 1965: Brigadier General [[Włodzimierz Muś]]

1946-1948: Brigadier General [[Konrad Świetlik]]
#12 March 1965 – 1 July 1965: Brigadier General [[Bronisław Kuriata]]

1948-1951: Brigadier General [[Juliusz Hibner]] [Real Name Dawid Szwarc]

1 March 1951 – 12 March 1965: Brigadier General [[Włodzimierz Muś]]

12 March 1965 – 1 Jul 1965: Brigadier General [[Bronisław Kuriata]]


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Internal Troops]] - Soviet model for the Internal Security Corps.
* [[Internal Troops]] – Soviet model for the Internal Security Corps.
* [[Ministry of Public Security of Poland]]
* [[Ministry of Public Security (Poland)|Ministry of Public Security of Poland]]
* [[Operation Vistula]] (1947)
* [[Operation Vistula]] (1947)
* [[Zygmunt Bauman]]


==References==
==References==
Line 32: Line 116:


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Internal Security Corps}}
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20031127205743/http://wilk.wpk.p.lodz.pl/~whatfor/zw_nsz.htm Narodowe Siły Zbrojne]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20031127205743/http://wilk.wpk.p.lodz.pl/~whatfor/zw_nsz.htm Narodowe Siły Zbrojne]
*{{en icon}} [http://www.doomedsoldiers.com/ The Doomed soldiers - Polish Underground Soldiers 1944-1963 - The Untold Story]
*{{in lang|en}} [http://www.doomedsoldiers.com/ The Doomed soldiers – Polish Underground Soldiers 1944–1963 – The Untold Story]
*{{pl icon}} [http://podziemiezbrojne.blox.pl/html Antykomunistyczne Podziemie Zbrojne po 1944 roku]
*{{in lang|pl}} [http://podziemiezbrojne.blox.pl/html Antykomunistyczne Podziemie Zbrojne po 1944 roku]
* [http://www.nationalarmedforces.com National Armed Forces Historical Brief]
* [http://www.nationalarmedforces.com National Armed Forces Historical Brief]

{{Armia Krajowa}}
{{Armia Krajowa}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:History of Poland (1945–1989)]]
[[Category:1945 establishments in Poland]]
[[Category:Military of Poland]]
[[Category:Military of Poland]]
[[Category:Stalinism in Poland]]
[[Category:Stalinism in Poland]]


{{Poland-mil-stub}}
{{poland-hist-stub}}

[[pl:Korpus Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego]]

Revision as of 13:20, 26 November 2023

Internal Security Corps
Korpus Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego
Active24 May 1965 - 1965
CountryPoland
TypeArmed force

The Internal Security Corps (Template:Lang-pl, KBW) was a special-purpose military formation in Poland under communist government, established by the Council of Ministers on 24 May 1945.

History

Commemorative Medal for the 20th Anniversary of the KBW
Emblem of the KBW Officer School

The KBW consisted of 10 new cavalry regiments, an infantry division, and two buffer brigades. The corps itself was subordinate to the Ministry of Public Security. By the end of August 1945, its force was made up of 29,053 soldiers and 2,356 officers. The KBW was called forth to protect key public infrastructure such as railways, but mainly to combat and suppress the anti-Communist resistance in Poland, including activities of the "Cursed soldiers" as well as all organizations which continued their armed struggle against the Communist takeover, such as the Freedom and Independence (WiN), the National Armed Forces (NSZ), and the remnants of the Polish Home Army (AK) among others.[1]

Original postwar Garrison of the Internal Security Corps in Szczecin, Poland

Between 1945 and 1954, the KBW fell under the responsibility of Minister Jakub Berman of the Politburo, who was in charge of the Ministry of Public Security. Later, it was part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Between March 1945 and April 1947 alone, units of the KBW killed over 1,500 "Cursed soldiers", wounded 301, and apprehended 12,200 others.

In 1965, the KBW was renamed the Wojska Obrony Wewnętrznej ("Internal Defense Force"). It was included in the framework of National Defense. Also, in 1962, the Silesian Unit of the Engineering Army (KBW-4) built roads in the Bieszczady region in the extreme south-east of Poland, strategically important but an uninhabited area.

Commanding officers

  1. March 1945 – May 1945: Col. Henryk Toruńczyk
  2. Jun 1945 – September 1946: Gen. Bolesław Kieniewicz
  3. 1946–1948: Brigadier General Konrad Świetlik
  4. 1948–1951: Brigadier General Juliusz Hibner (born Dawid Szwarc)
  5. 1 March 1951 – 12 March 1965: Brigadier General Włodzimierz Muś
  6. 12 March 1965 – 1 July 1965: Brigadier General Bronisław Kuriata

See also

References

  1. ^ Władysław Tkaczew. Korpus Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego. Bellona. pp. 111–112. ISBN 8311109400. Retrieved 4 June 2012. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
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