View source for Civil War (comics)

{{Short description|2006–2007 Marvel Comics crossover storyline}}
{{About|the print comic series|the film|Captain America: Civil War|other uses|Civil War (disambiguation)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=October 2009}}
{{Original research|date=February 2023}}
}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox comics story arc <!-- Wikipedia:WikiProject Comics -->
| title = Civil War
| image = Civil War 7.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Cover to ''Civil War'' #7 (January 2007)<br>by [[Steve McNiven]]
| publisher = [[Marvel Comics]]
| startmo = July
| startyr = 2006
| endmo = February
| endyr = 2007
| superhero = y
| crossover = y
| titles = ''[[The Amazing Spider-Man]]'' (vol. 1) #529–538<br /><!--
-->''[[Black Panther (comics)|Black Panther]]'' (vol. 4) #17-25<br /><!--
-->''[[Blade (comics)|Blade]]'' (vol. 6) #5<br /><!--
-->''[[Cable & Deadpool]]'' #30–32<br /><!--
-->''[[Captain America (comic book)|Captain America]]'' (vol. 5) #22–25<br /><!--
-->''Civil War'' #1–7<br /><!--
-->''Civil War: Choosing Sides'' #1<br /><!--
-->''Civil War: Battle Damage Report'' #1<br /><!--
-->''Civil War: Files'' #1<br /><!--
-->''[[Civil War: Front Line]]'' #1–11<br /><!--
-->''Civil War: Opening Shot''<br /><!--
-->''Civil War: The Confession'' #1<br /><!--
-->''Civil War: The Initiative'' #1<br /><!--
-->''Civil War: War Crimes'' #1<br /><!--
-->''Civil War: The Return'' #1<br /><!--
-->''[[Civil War: X-Men]]'' #1–4<br /><!--
-->''[[Civil War: Young Avengers/Runaways]]'' #1–4<br /><!--
--> Daredevil #87<br /><!--
-->''[[Fallen Son: The Death of Captain America]]'' #1–5<br /><!--
-->''[[Fantastic Four]]'' (vol. 4) #536–543<br /><!--
-->''[[Ghost Rider]]'' (vol. 6) #8–11<br /><!--
-->''[[Heroes for Hire]]'' (vol. 1) #1–3<br /><!--
-->Incredible Hulk #100<br /><!--
-->''[[Iron Man]]'' (vol. 4) #13-14<br /><!--
-->''Iron Man / Captain America: Casualties of War'' #1<br /><!--
-->''[[Moon Knight]]'' (vol. 5) #7–12<br /><!--
-->''[[Ms. Marvel]]'' (vol. 2) #6–8<br /><!--
-->''New Avengers: Illuminati Special '' #1<br /><!--
-->New X-Men #28<br /><!--
-->''[[The Punisher War Journal|Punisher War Journal]]'' (vol. 2) #1–3<br /><!--
-->''[[The New Avengers (comics)|New Avengers]]'' #21–25<br /><!--
-->''[[The Sensational Spider-Man (vol. 2)|The Sensational Spider-Man]]'' (vol. 2) #28–34<br /><!--
-->''[[She-Hulk]]'' (vol. 2) #8-9<br /><!--
-->''[[Thunderbolts (comics)|Thunderbolts]]'' (vol. 3) #103–105 110<br /><!--
-->''Winter Soldier: Winter Kills #1''<br /><!--
-->''[[Wolverine (comic book)|Wolverine]]'' #42–48<br /><!--
-->''[[X-Factor (comics)|X-Factor]]'' (vol. 3) #8–9
| main_char_team = [[Iron Man]]<br />[[Captain America]]<br />[[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]]<br />[[Spider-Man]]<br />[[Fantastic Four]]
| writers = [[Mark Millar]]
| artists =
| pencillers = [[Steve McNiven]]
| inkers = [[Dexter Vines]]
| letterers = [[Chris Eliopoulos]]
| editors = Molly Lazer, Aubrey Sitterson, [[Andy Schmidt]] and [[Tom Brevoort]]
| colorists = Morry Hollowell
| TPB = Civil War
| ISBN = 0-7851-2179-X
| cat = Marvel Comics
| sortkey = Civil War
| self-titled = y
}}

"'''Civil War'''" is a 2006–07 [[Marvel Comics]] [[fictional crossover|crossover]] event. The storyline consists of an eponymous seven-issue [[Limited series (comics)|limited series]], written by [[Mark Millar]] and penciled by [[Steve McNiven]], and various tie-in books. The storyline builds upon previous Marvel storylines, particularly "[[Avengers Disassembled]]", "[[House of M]]", and "[[Decimation (comics)|Decimation]]". The series' [[tagline]] is "Whose Side Are You On?"<ref>{{cite press release | publisher=Marvel Comics | date=2005-12-28 | title=Civil War | url=http://www.marvel.com/publishing/stories/showstory.htm?id=64 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060420192513/http://www.marvel.com/publishing/stories/showstory.htm?id=64 | url-status=dead | archive-date=2006-04-20 }}</ref>

''Civil War'' explores the conflict between freedom and security against a backdrop of real-life events and discussions, such as the U.S. government's [[Global surveillance disclosures (1970–2013)#2000s|increased surveillance]] of its citizens.<ref name="Langley, T">{{cite book |last=Langley |first=T. |title=Marvel Comics' Civil War and the age of terror: Critical essays on the comic saga |date=2015 |publisher=McFarland |editor=K. M. Scott |location=Jefferson, NC |pages=69–76 |chapter=Freedom versus Security: The Basic Human Dilemma from 9/11 to Marvel’s ''Civil War'' |access-date=September 29, 2007 |chapter-url=http://fac.hsu.edu/langlet/comics_psy/Fromm_Marvel_Travis_Langley.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012035230/http://fac.hsu.edu/langlet/comics_psy/Fromm_Marvel_Travis_Langley.htm |archive-date=2007-10-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Captain America: Civil War (2016) |url=http://screenrant.com/tag/captain-america-3/ |access-date=13 November 2015 |website=Screen Rant}}</ref> The plot revolves around the U.S. government passing a [[Superhero Registration Act]] to ostensibly have super-powered individuals act under official regulation, somewhat akin to law enforcement. Superheroes opposing the act, led by [[Captain America]], find themselves in conflict with its supporters, led by [[Iron Man]]. [[Spider-Man]] is caught in the middle, while the [[X-Men]] remain neutral for mutantkind's survival. The superheroes supporting the law, including [[Mister Fantastic]] and [[Ms. Marvel]], become increasingly [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]]. 

The series polarized critics and fans, but was a commercial success. A sequel, ''[[Civil War II]]'', debuted in June 2016. The 2016 [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] film ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]'' loosely adapted the storyline.

==Publication history==
{{Organize section|date=October 2024|reason=The start of this section should probably be incorporated into the Plot section.}}

The [[Superhero Registration Act]] introduced in ''Civil War'' requires any United States resident with [[superhuman abilities]] to register with the federal government as a "human weapon of mass destruction". They must also reveal their true identity to authorities, and undergo training. Those who register may work for [[S.H.I.E.L.D.]], earning a salary and benefits, like other American civil servants.

Characters within the [[Marvel Universe]] superhero community split into two groups. One advocates registration as a responsible obligation, and the other opposes it, arguing the act violates civil liberties and the protection secret identities provide. While arguing with [[Iron Man]] about the law, [[African American]] hero [[Luke Cage]] compares the mandatory registration to [[slavery]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://lowbrowcomics.com/2015/08/29/luke-cage-compares-the-registration-act-to-slavery-new-avengers-22civil-war-2006/ | title=Luke Cage compares the registration act to slavery. | access-date=2015-08-30 | archive-date=2015-08-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830045811/http://lowbrowcomics.com/2015/08/29/luke-cage-compares-the-registration-act-to-slavery-new-avengers-22civil-war-2006/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> A number of villains also choose a side.

Mark Millar, writer for the story, has said:

{{cquote|I opted instead for making the superhero dilemma something a little different. People thought they were dangerous, but they did not want a ban. What they wanted was superheroes paid by the federal government like cops and open to the same kind of scrutiny. It was the perfect solution and nobody, as far as I'm aware, has done this before.<ref name="newsarama_millar2">{{cite web| url=http://cinechew.com/civil-war-peace-mind-mark-millar-part-2/| title=classic.newsarama.com – Civil War & Peace of Mind with Mark Millar (Part 2)| access-date=2015-03-04| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110233733/http://cinechew.com/civil-war-peace-mind-mark-millar-part-2/| archive-date=2017-01-10}}</ref>
}}

===Delays===
Marvel announced in August 2006 that some issues of the main ''Civil War'' series would be pushed back several months to accommodate artist Steve McNiven. The schedule had issue #4 being released one month late, in September, while issue #5 was released two months later, in November. Furthermore, various [[tie-in]] books, including the ''[[Civil War: Front Line]]'' [[miniseries]], were delayed to avoid spoiling plot developments.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=80636 | title=Newsarama Forum – Marvel's ''Civil War'' Delayed | access-date=2007-03-20 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070401142540/http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=80636 | archive-date=2007-04-01 }}</ref>

In late November 2006, Marvel announced another delay. ''Civil War'' #6, originally scheduled for December 20, was pushed back two weeks and released on January 4. Unlike the previous instance, only ''[[The Punisher War Journal]]'' #2 was delayed. In a final act of rescheduling, ''Civil War'' #7 was pushed back two weeks (from January 17 to January 31),<ref>{{cite web| url=http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=92680| title=Newsarama Forum – ''Civil War'' #6 Gets a Schedule Bump| access-date=2007-03-20| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070306060638/http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=92680| archive-date=2007-03-06}}</ref> and then pushed back again until February 21.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.marvel.com/catalog/?date=2007-02-21 | title=Marvel Comics Catalog – Titles on Sale, Week of February 21, 2007 | access-date=2007-03-20}}</ref>

===Behind the scenes===
After the publication of ''Civil War'' #7, Mark Millar described the book to ''[[Newsarama]]'' as "a story where a guy wrapped in the American flag is in chains as the people swap freedom for security".<ref name="millarpostgame">{{cite web|url=http://classic.newsarama.com/marvelnew/CivilWar/millar_final.html|title=classic.newsarama.com – Mark Millar's ''Civil War'' Post-Game Show|access-date=2007-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210192456/http://classic.newsarama.com/marvelnew/CivilWar/millar_final.html|archive-date=2009-02-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> Millar conceded a "certain amount of political allegory"<ref name="millarpostgame" /> but said its real focus was on superheroes fighting each other. Contrasting it with ''[[Ultimates|The Ultimates]]'', Millar said ''Civil War'' was "accidentally political because I just cannot help myself".<ref name="millarpostgame" />

==Plot==
The [[New Warriors]] ([[Night Thrasher (Dwayne Taylor)|Night Thrasher]], [[Namorita]], [[Robbie Baldwin|Speedball]], and [[Microbe (comics)|Microbe]]) battle a group of villains ([[List of X-Men enemies#Other recurring antagonists|Cobalt Man]], [[Speedfreek]], [[Coldheart (comics)|Coldheart]], and [[Nitro (comics)|Nitro]]) in [[Stamford, Connecticut]], while filming a [[reality television]] show. Nitro explodes, killing more than 600 people (including school children and every villain and New Warrior present, minus Speedball). Numerous other superheroes appear in Stamford to search for survivors.

Public opinion turns against superhumans, branding even inactive members of the New Warriors as "baby killers". [[Hindsight (comics)|Hindsight]], desperate to distance himself from the team, releases the New Warriors' secret identities online, and several of them are attacked. [[She-Hulk]] forces Hindsight to shut down the site, and Hindsight is arrested by [[John Jameson (comics)|John Jameson]]. Angry civilians attack the [[Human Torch]] outside a club after he cuts the line and mocks one of his critics.

Guided by [[Iron Man]], [[United States Congress|Congress]] quickly passes the Superhuman Registration Act (SHRA), 6 U.S.C. §&nbsp;558,<ref>''Civil War'' #1</ref> requiring the registration of all persons with superhuman abilities with the U.S. government, and the enlistment and training of all aspiring superheroes. The law applies to those with naturally-occurring superhuman abilities, humans using exotic technology (e.g. Iron Man), or anyone who wants to challenge superhumans.<ref>''Black Panther''</ref> Enactment of the federal law leads to revisions of state criminal codes.<ref>[[Anthony Flamini|Flamini, Anthony]] & Byrd, Ronald; ''Civil War Battle Damage Report''; March 2007; Page 1</ref>

[[Captain America]] refuses to join a [[S.H.I.E.L.D.]] strike force hunting violators of the act, and is attacked by S.H.I.E.L.D.'s "Cape-Killers" before the act is even passed. He subsequently becomes a fugitive, and forms an underground resistance movement calling itself the "Secret Avengers". This team includes [[Hercules (Marvel Comics)|Hercules]], [[Falcon (comics)|Falcon]], [[Iron Fist (comics)|Danny Rand]] (who is acting as [[Daredevil (Marvel Comics character)|Daredevil]] in Matt Murdock's place),<ref name="Civil War #2">''Civil War'' #2</ref> [[Luke Cage]], and the [[Young Avengers]].<ref>''New Avengers'' #22</ref><ref name="Civil War #2" /> Iron Man, [[Reed Richards]], [[Hank Pym]] (actually a [[Skrull]] in disguise), and [[She-Hulk]] come down in favor of the act. [[Spider-Man]] unmasks at a press conference as a show of support for the act.<ref name="Civil War #2" /> [[Doctor Strange]] wants no part of the act and tells Iron Man and Mister Fantastic to never call on him again (the government subsequently declares Doctor Strange exempt).

The government-backed heroes track down unregistered superhumans and subsequently detain or register them. Captain America's Secret Avengers and Iron Man's Avengers end up fighting in Yancy Street. The Thing, who was only visiting his old neighborhood, gets roped into crowd control. However, when a young member of the Yancy Street Gang is killed in the ensuing violence, Grimm, disgusted with both sides, leaves the country for France.

The Secret Avengers, responding to a false emergency, are lured into an ambush by the pro-registration forces. As the battle turns against them, a new weapon is brought into play: [[Ragnarok (comics)|Project Lightning]], a cyborg clone of [[Thor (Marvel Comics)|Thor]] (created from a few strands of the Asgardian's hair and empowered by a technological copy of [[Mjolnir (Marvel Comics)|Mjolnir]]). Confronted by [[Bill Foster (comics)|Bill Foster]], "Thor" sends a bolt of lightning through the hero's chest, killing him. With both sides stunned, Cap orders a retreat. [[Invisible Woman|Sue Storm]] shelters the re-grouping Secret Avengers under an energy shield, allowing their escape.

Bill Foster's death shakes up both sides: [[Cassandra Lang|Stature]] and [[Nighthawk (Marvel Comics)|Nighthawk]] surrender and register, while the Human Torch and Invisible Woman oppose the act. In turn, Pym drafts a sub-group of the [[Thunderbolts (comics)|Thunderbolts]] to the SRA's cause.<ref name="Civil War #4">''Civil War'' #4</ref>

Spider-Man demands to see the concentration camp-styled prison facilities "42" in the Negative Zone.<ref name="AmSpider535">''Amazing Spider-Man'' #535</ref> He concludes he's made a mistake in siding with Stark, and attempts to defect. Iron Man confronts Peter, however, yet after a brief battle, Spider-Man escapes. Against Tony's will, Peter is hunted down and badly beaten by the [[Jester (Marvel Comics)#Jody Putt|Jester]] III and [[Jack O'Lantern (Marvel Comics)#Steven Levins|Jack O'Lantern]] of the new Thunderbolts. The [[Punisher]] saves Spider-Man by killing the two villains, and carries him to a Secret Avengers safe-house. After recuperating, Spider-Man joins Cap's forces,<ref name="Civil War #5">''Civil War'' #5</ref> and publicly pledges to fight the Registration Act.

The Punisher seeks to join Captain America's forces. He explains Iron Man's decision to employ infamous mass murderers motivated the gun-wielding vigilante to come out of hiding, but also notes superhero registration has caused a huge drop in crime. Captain America reluctantly accepts Punisher's help.

As the Punisher makes his way through the Baxter Building to retrieve plans for the Negative Zone prison, Sue Richards travels to Atlantis to persuade Namor to join the Secret Avengers, although he refuses. Supervillains [[Goldbug (comics)|Goldbug]] and [[Plunderer (comics)|Plunderer]] arrive at the Secret Avengers' base to join Captain America's team, but the Punisher immediately kills them, leading Captain America to attack him and kick him out of the group.

While meditating, Doctor Strange speaks with [[Uatu]] the Watcher, who asks why Strange doesn't end the conflict with his immense power. Doctor Strange responds that the Sorcerer Supreme has no business in mankind's internal struggles, but promises to pray for an outcome with minimal bloodshed that will benefit mankind.

As the final battle begins, [[Cloak and Dagger (comics)|Cloak]] teleports the combatants to [[New York City]], where Namor and an Atlantean army arrive to fight alongside the Secret Avengers. The Champions, the Thor clone, and [[Mar-Vell|Captain Marvel]], meanwhile, reinforce Stark's team. Mister Fantastic saves Invisible Woman from a bullet fired by [[Taskmaster (character)|Taskmaster]], and Hercules destroys the Thor clone. The Thing returns to protect the civilians. As Captain America is about to deliver a final blow to Iron Man, policemen, EMTs, and firefighters try to restrain him. Realizing how much damage the fight has already inflicted upon the very people he wishes to protect, Captain America surrenders, and orders his team to stand down.

===Aftermath===
At the end of the storyline, a number of changes to the status quo have occurred, including:

* The [[President of the United States]] grants general [[amnesty]] to all Superhuman Registration Act opponents who turn themselves in or register.
*Captain America, the act's chief critic, is arrested and subsequently assassinated by a brainwashed [[Sharon Carter]].
* [[Spider-Man]]'s identity, Peter Parker, is now public knowledge, causing [[J. Jonah Jameson]] to sue.
* An assassin hired by Wilson Fisk, alias the [[Kingpin (comics)|Kingpin]], to kill Spider-Man fails, instead shooting "secondary target" [[Aunt May]] and leaving her in critical condition. An enraged Spider-Man dons a cloth version of his black suit and confronts Kingpin in prison, mercilessly beating him within an inch of his life. The Wallcrawler warns the Kingpin that Fisk will die if May does, and promises the other inmates he'll come for them if they try to harm Spider-Man or his family.
* Tony Stark is appointed director of [[S.H.I.E.L.D.]], while [[Maria Hill]] is demoted to deputy director.
* [[Civil War: The Initiative|The 50-State Initiative]] is set up to eventually place a superhero team in every state.
* The [[Mighty Avengers]] assemble as a new team.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}
* Some heroes choose [[exile|to leave the country]], rather than submit, leading to the third [[Omega Flight]]'s formation in [[Canada]]. [[Firestar (Marvel Comics)|Firestar]], conversely, retires, while several heroes still in the U.S. remain underground, including the New Avengers:<ref name="civilwar7">''Civil War'' #7</ref> [[Luke Cage]], [[Spider-Man]], [[Spider-Woman (Jessica Drew)|Spider-Woman]] (actually the [[Skrull]] Queen [[Veranke]]), [[Iron Fist (comics)|Iron Fist]], [[Doctor Strange]], [[Ronin (Marvel Comics)|Ronin]] (actually a resurrected Clint Barton), [[Echo (Marvel Comics)|Echo]], and [[Wolverine (character)|Wolverine]].
* [[Bill Foster (comics)|Goliath]], [[Bantam (comics)|Bantam]], [[Typeface (comics)|Typeface]], and [[Stilt-Man]] have been killed during the conflict. [[Tom Foster]] continues his uncle's legacy, becoming the new Goliath.
* [[Mister Fantastic]] and [[Invisible Woman]] are replaced by [[Black Panther (comics)|Black Panther]] and [[Storm (Marvel Comics)|Storm]] while Reed and Sue work on their marriage.
* [[Mar-Vell|Captain Marvel]] enters the present day.
* [[Robbie Baldwin|Speedball]]'s powers (and sanity) are drastically altered, and he becomes the new Penance, joining the Thunderbolts.
* A reconstituted version of the [[New Warriors]] emerges, bearing little resemblance to the original. Most of the previous Warriors become part of [[Avengers: The Initiative|The Initiative]] Program.
* Nitro is revealed to have survived the explosion and escapes, but is pursued and later dismembered by Wolverine. He is then captured by Penace, who forces him to experience the pain he inflicted on Stamford.
* [[Nova (Richard Rider)|Nova]] (Richard Rider) returns to Earth after defeating [[Annihilus]]' [[Annihilation (comics)|annihilation wave]] and killing its insectoid leader. Now bonded with the Nova Corps Worldmind, Rider learns his former New Warriors teammates are dead, and is asked to join the Initiative by Iron Man. After battling Norman Osborn's [[Thunderbolts (comics)|Thunderbolts]], however, he instead chooses to leave Earth for [[Kree]] space.
*[[Mephisto (Marvel Comics)|Mephisto]] offers to rescue Aunt May's life, in exchange for Peter Parker and [[Mary Jane Watson|Mary Jane "MJ" Watson]]'s marriage. MJ and Peter eventually agree to Mephisto's terms, and May's life is saved. Peter and MJ's marriage, meanwhile, is erased from history, and Spider-Man's secret identity is restored.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}
* The reborn real [[Thor Odinson]], who is enraged of Tony Stark for creating a robotic clone of himself that killed Bill Foster-Goliath without his permission, proposes him to keep the new Asgard floating over Oklahoma as a separate location from United States boundary, as long as not to declare war against one another.

==Characters==
{{unreferenced section|date=February 2023}}
"†" indicates that the character died during the storyline.

"∆" indicates that the character originally upheld the act, but defected and became a Secret Avenger.

"°" indicates that the character was a Secret Avenger, but defected and registered.

"+" indicates that the character either retired or relocated to Canada.

"×" indicates that the character was neutral, but later became a Secret Avenger.

'''Registered heroes and villains'''
* [[Black Widow (comics)|Black Widow]]
* [[Doc Samson]]
* [[Iron Man]]
* [[Mister Fantastic]]
* [[Carol Danvers|Ms. Marvel]]
* [[Scourge of the Underworld|Phone Ranger]]
* [[She-Hulk]]
* [[Tigra (comics)|Tigra]]
* [[Ragnarok (comics)|Thor Clone]]
* [[Wasp (comics)|Wasp]]
* [[Criti Noll|Skrull Yellowjacket]]
* [[Wonder Man (comics)|Wonder Man]]
* [[Bishop (comics)|Bishop]]
* [[Micromax]]
* [[Sabra (comics)|Sabra]]
* [[Robbie Baldwin|Penance]]
* [[Great Lakes Avengers|Great Lakes Champions]]
* [[Sentry (Robert Reynolds)|Sentry]]
* [[Hellcat (comics)|Hellcat]]
* [[Thor Girl]]
* [[Two-Gun Kid]]
* [[Anya Corazon|Arana]]
* [[John Jameson (comics)|John Jameson]]
* [[Stature (comics)|Stature]]°
* [[Nighthawk (Marvel Comics)|Nighthawk]]°
* [[S.H.I.E.L.D.]]
** [[Maria Hill]]
** [[Dum Dum Dugan]]
** [[Sharon Carter|Agent 13]]
** Agent Whitman
** [[Gabe Jones]]
** [[Cape-Killers]]
* [[Deadpool (comics)|Deadpool]]
* [[Blade (comics)|Blade]]
* [[Heroes for Hire]]
** [[Misty Knight]]
** [[Colleen Wing]]
** [[Humbug (comics)|Humbug]]
** [[Shang-Chi]]
** [[Tarantula (Marvel Comics)|Tarantula]]
** [[Black Cat (Marvel Comics)|Black Cat]]
** [[Paladin (comics)|Paladin]]
** [[Orka (comics)|Orka]]
* [[Thunderbolts (comics)|Thunderbolts]]
** [[Erik Josten|Atlas]]
** [[Baron Helmut Zemo]]
** [[Abner Jenkins|MACH-IV]]
** [[Moonstone (comics)|Moonstone]]
** [[Fixer (Paul Norbert Ebersol)|Fixer]]
** [[Songbird (comics)|Songbird]]
** [[Blizzard (Donald Gill)|Blizzard]]
** [[Radioactive Man (comics)|Radioactive Man]]
** [[Living Laser]]
* [[Noh-Varr]]

'''Detained and recruited heroes and villains / Thunderbolts army'''

See [[list of Thunderbolts members]].

'''Unregistered heroes and villains / Secret Avengers'''
* [[Julia Carpenter|Arachne]]∆
* [[Cable (comics)|Cable]]
* [[Luke Cage]]
* [[Captain America (Steve Rogers)|Captain America]]+
* [[Colossus (comics)|Colossus]]×
* [[Cyclops (Marvel Comics)|Cyclops]]×
* [[Havok (comics)|Havok]]×
* [[Diamondback (Rachel Leighton)|Diamondback]]
* [[Black Panther (comics)|Black Panther]]×
* [[Storm (comics)|Storm]]×
* [[Cloak (comics)|Cloak]]
* [[Dagger (comics)|Dagger]]
* [[Veranke|Spider-Woman]]
* [[Daredevil (Marvel Comics character)|Daredevil]]
* [[Iron Fist (comics)|Iron Fist]]
* [[Falcon (comics)|Falcon]]
* [[Wolverine (character)|Wolverine]]×
* [[Bill Foster (comics)|Goliath]]†
* [[Nick Fury, Sr.]]
* [[Hercules (Marvel Comics)|Hercules]]
* [[Night Nurse (comics)|Night Nurse]]
* [[Young Avengers]]
** [[Hulkling]]
** [[Wiccan (comics)|Wiccan]]
** [[Patriot (Eli Bradley)|Patriot]]
** [[Hawkeye (Kate Bishop)|Hawkeye]]
** [[Speed (Marvel Comics)|Speed]]
** [[Vision (Marvel Comics)|Vision]]
* [[Ultra Girl]]
* [[Delroy Garrett|Triathlon]]
* [[Living Lightning]]
* [[Invisible Woman]]∆
* [[Human Torch (Johnny Storm)|Human Torch]]∆
* [[Silhouette (comics)|Silhouette]]
* [[Firebird (Marvel Comics)|Firebird]]
* [[Machine Man]]
* [[Spider-Man (Peter Parker)|Spider-Man]]∆
* [[Justice (comics)|Justice]]
* [[Stingray (comics)|Stingray]]

'''Detained heroes and villains'''
* [[Battlestar (comics)|Battlestar]]
* [[Coldblood (comics)|Coldblood]]
* [[Jack Flag]]
* [[Ghost Rider (Johnny Blaze)|Ghost Rider]]
* [[Gladiatrix (comics)|Gladiatrix]]
* [[Lightbright]]
* [[N'Kantu, the Living Mummy]]
* [[Network (Marvel Comics)|Network]]
* [[Prodigy (Ritchie Gilmore)|Prodigy]]
* [[Prowler (comics)|Prowler]]
* [[Shroud (comics)|Shroud]]
* [[Solo (Marvel Comics)|Solo]]
* [[Typeface (comics)|Typeface]]
* [[Digitek (comics)|Digitek]]
* [[Lectronn]]
* [[Silverclaw (comics)|Silverclaw]]

'''Unregistered heroes'''
* [[Debrii]]
* [[Firestar (Marvel Comics)|Firestar]]+
* [[Jessica Jones]]+
* [[Magneto (Marvel Comics)|Magneto]]
* [[Quicksilver (comics)|Quicksilver]]
* [[Rage (Marvel Comics)|Rage]]
* [[Runaways (comics)|Runaways]]
* [[Slapstick (comics)|Slapstick]]
* [[Thunderclap (comics)|Thunderclap]]
* [[Timeslip (comics)|Timeslip]]
* [[Sersi]]
* [[Moon Knight]]
* [[Howard the Duck]]
* [[James Buchanan Barnes|Winter Soldier]]

'''Neutral parties'''
* [[Doctor Strange]]
* [[Thing (comics)|Thing]]
* [[X-Men]]×
* [[Namor, the Sub-Mariner]]×
* [[Nova (Richard Rider)]]
* [[Thor (Marvel Comics)|Thor]]

==Other versions==
===Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows===
When the Super-Human Registration Act was proposed, [[Professor X]] and the Avengers argued that mutantkind and super-powered communities should police themselves. [[Cyclops (Marvel Comics)|Cyclops]] thought it was preposterous for Professor X to appoint himself the representative of mutantkind, and his opposition to Xavier's proposal led [[Jean Grey]] to break up with him and marry Wolverine.<ref>''Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows'' (vol. 2) #6</ref>

===Contest of Champions===
The 2015 ''Contest of Champions'' series featured an alternate version of Civil War that had everything go in Tony Stark's favor. Five years after the war, Tony becomes the President of the United States and leads the Mighty Avengers as the Iron Patriot. His team consists of Penance (Robbie Baldwin), Iron Spider (Natasha Romanoff), Captain Marvel (Carol Danvers), and the Thor clone known as Thunderstrike. Steve Rogers (no longer called Captain America) and his teammates have been arrested and buy time off their sentence by performing suicide missions as the Thunderbolts. Steve's team consists of Spider-Man (Peter Parker), Invisible Woman, the Punisher, and Bill Foster's Goliath (who survived the Civil War in this reality).

President Stark and his Mighty Avengers are taken to Battleworld by Maestro and have their memories altered to think that they are on Earth and that the Renegade Champions already there are unregistered vigilantes. The Thunderbolts are sent to rescue them, but misunderstandings result in the deaths of Penance and Thunderstrike and all three teams start fighting each other. Tony kills Steve and reveals that he is in the possession of the Reality Gem from the Infinity Gauntlet.  Tony and the members of the Illuminati divided the six Infinity Stones after hunting them down and vowed never to use them. But when Tony let the events of Civil War happen in their natural course, he couldn't resist using the Reality Gem to alter events in his favor.  He used the gem to prevent the deaths of Goliath and Captain America, win the war, and rig the presidential election. He attempts to use it again to undo his killing of Steve, but it does not work since they were in another dimension. Maestro kills Tony and the Punisher, but is stopped by the intervention of Stick, the Sentry, and Nigel Higgins using the Iso-Sphere. The remaining five heroes from the Mighty Avengers and Thunderbolts stay behind on Battleworld with the Sentry and fight villains attempting to gather the Iso-Sphere as the Civil Warriors.<ref>''Contest of Champions (2015)'' #9-10</ref>

===Earth-3490===
When Mister Fantastic was researching realities where the Civil War ended differently, he found one reality in which their version of Anthony Stark was a woman named Natasha Stark. The Civil War was avoided entirely in this reality due to her marriage to Steve Rogers, by deterring each other's more aggressive behaviour and allowing Reed Richards to complete the Super Hero Registration Program.<ref>''Dark Reign: Fantastic Four'' #2</ref>

===''Spider-Man: Life Story''===
In a reality where all the characters age naturally after Peter Parker becomes Spider-Man in 1962, the Superhuman Registration Act was passed shortly after the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001 and lasted for years. As a result, most of the heroes are middle-aged and older. In 2006, Ben Reilly (who was publicly known as Peter Parker/Spider-Man) was murdered by Morlun, prompting the real Peter Parker to return to New York to reveal he's alive to draw Morlun out to him and prevent Stark from taking control of Parker Industries. When Peter refuses Stark's offer to register, he is attacked by the U.S. Avengers (consisting of [[Iron Man|Tony Stark/Iron Man]], [[War Machine|James Rhodes/War Machine]], [[Carol Danvers|Carol Danvers/Captain Marvel]], [[Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)|Natasha Romanoff/Black Widow]], [[She-Hulk|Jennifer Walters/She-Hulk]], and [[Iron Fist (comics)|Danny Rand/Iron Fist]] all wearing power armors) before he is assisted by the Anti-Registration Avengers (consisting of [[Captain America|Steve Rogers/Captain America]], [[Hawkeye (Clint Barton)|Clint Barton/Hawkeye]], [[Luke Cage]], [[Cloak and Dagger (comics)|Tyrone Johnson/Cloak and Tandy Bowen/Dagger]]). Peter dons a new Spider-Man armor and defeats the U.S. Avengers with a device that exposes a fail-safe Tony placed inside all of their armors. After Tony is revealed to be a hologram and disappears, Spider-Man joins the Anti-Registration Avengers to follow his daughter's advice on leaving the world a better place for future generations.<ref>''Spider-Man: Life Story #5: Our Civic Engagement'', Chip Zdarsky, Marvel Comics</ref> A decade later, it is revealed that Dr. Doom took over the planet as the heroes were too busy fighting each other (a reference to [[Secret Wars (2015)|the 2015 Secret Wars]]). Peter becomes the new leader of the resistance after all the other heroes died or disappeared from the public.<ref>''Spider-Man: Life Story #6: All My Enemies'', Chip Zdarsky, Marvel Comics</ref>

===Spider-Verse===
During an attempt by the reality-displaced [[The Superior Spider-Man|Superior Spider-Man]] (Otto Octavius's mind in Peter Parker's body) to reach back to his dimension as seen in the ''[[Spider-Verse]]'' storyline, he discovered an alternate dimension where a Civil War Iron Spider-Man lies dead (killed by Karn) prompting him to continue investigating the murders of Spider-Men throughout the Multiverse.<ref>''Superior Spider-Man'' #32</ref>

===What If?===
In ''[[What If (comics)|What If Civil War Ended Differently]]?'', a stranger appears in front of Iron Man, who is visiting Captain America's grave at [[Arlington National Cemetery]]. Tony Stark is told of two alternate ways the Civil War could have concluded:<ref>''What If?: Civil War'' #1</ref>

* The first is detailed in, "What if Captain America led all the heroes against the Registration Act?" In this reality, Tony Stark dies of the Extremis virus, leaving the U.S. government to choose Steve Rogers as the spokesperson for heroes, who, as in the regular universe, opposes the Registration Act. Though he manages to delay its passing, the Stamford disaster occurs as in Earth-616. Without Tony to provide a fairer path for registration, the government's response is more extreme. Government forces led by [[Henry Peter Gyrich]] destroy the resistance and many heroes are slain.

Faced with this vision, Tony believes that this proves that he was right to pursue his pro-registration course of action, but the stranger then reveals another possibility;

* The second is detailed in, "What if Iron Man lost the Civil War?" In this reality, Iron Man asks for Cap's help during the confrontation at the power plant instead of threatening him, admitting his doubts about his actions rather than trying to justify them, and thus Cap does not use the hidden weapon in his glove to disable Tony's armor. The heroes then unite to defeat the out-of-control Thor clone, [[Ragnarok (comics)|Ragnarok]], which is released when a [[S.H.I.E.L.D.]] agent detects the weapon and assumes that Cap is still planning to use it. The resulting goodwill convinces Captain America to help run the program as he is the only one the heroes will trust with their secret identities.

The stranger is revealed to be [[Uatu]], Earth 616's Watcher. Upon learning of the possibility of this alternate reality, Tony is devastated and weeps for the bright future he helped prevent.

In ''What If: [[Annihilation (comics)|Annihilation]]'' by [[David Hine]] and Mico Suayan, the cosmic Annihilation War reaches Earth during the War. The heroes unite to neutralize it, and many die in the first clashes. Captain America and Iron Man, after a final reconciliation, sacrifice themselves alongside [[Nova (Richard Rider)|Nova]] to deflect the full [[Annihilation Wave]].<ref>[http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=11634 Annihilation Makes Things Civil: Hine talks "What If? Annihilation"], [[Comic Book Resources]], October 5, 2007</ref>

==''Civil War'' in ''Secret Wars'' (2015)==
The "Civil War" storyline is featured in the 2015 storyline "[[Secret Wars (2015 comic book)|Secret Wars]]", a crossover storyline, which revisits previous Marvel Comics storylines in the form of isolated geographic locations on a planet called Battleworld. The "Civil War" area is referred to as the Warzone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsarama.com/23865-secret-wars-meets-civil-war-in-new-series.html|title=SECRET WARS Meets Civil WAR|work=Newsarama.com|date=7 July 2023 }}</ref>

==''Civil War II'' (2016)==
{{Main|Civil War II}}
A direct sequel to the original series debuted in June 2016, written by Brian Michael Bendis and drawn by David Marquez.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Details on Marvel's Civil War II Revealed|url = http://www.superherohype.com/news/362293-new-details-on-marvel-comics-civil-war-ii-revealed|website = SuperHeroHype|date = 10 January 2016|access-date = 2016-01-29|language = en-US}}</ref> Unlike the previous story and the film, the conflict in this storyline is not about issues of government registration; instead, a new Inhuman, Ulysses, emerges with the ability to see predictions about the future. This results in conflict emerging between heroes led by [[Iron Man]] and [[Carol Danvers|Captain Marvel]] respectively, Stark favoring self-determination and concerned about the prospects of coming to depend on the visions while Danvers feels that his visions represent a potentially valuable asset.

==Reception==
At the time of its release, ''Civil War'' received mixed reviews. Comic Book Round Up gave the series an average rating of 6.5.
According to a scholarly analysis presented at the 2007 [[Comic-Con International]], this story's conflict is a natural outgrowth of what psychologist [[Erich Fromm]] called "the basic human dilemma", the conflicting desires for both security and freedom, and "character motivations on both sides arise from positive human qualities because Fromm's image of human nature is ultimately optimistic, holding that people on either side are struggling to find what is best for all".<ref name="Langley, T" />
However, over time, ''Civil War'' has become more well received. IGN ranked it as one of the greatest Comic Book Events.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.ign.com/articles/2011/05/30/the-best-comic-book-events?page=1|title=Top 10 Giant Movie Monsters|last=IGN|work=IGN|date=30 May 2011}}</ref>

==Tie-ins==
(This list is in read order)

===Road to Civil War===
*''[[Amazing Spider-Man]]'' #529
*''Amazing Spider-Man'' #530
*''Amazing Spider-Man'' #531
*''New Avengers: Illuminati Special'' #1
*''[[Fantastic Four]]'' #536
*''Fantastic Four'' #537

===Civil War===
{{div col}}
*''Civil War: Opening Shot Sketchbook''
*''Civil War'' #1
*''Wolverine'' #42
*''Wolverine'' #43
*''Wolverine'' #44
*''Wolverine'' #45
*''[[She-Hulk]]'' (2nd series) #8
*''[[X-Factor (comics)|X-Factor]]'' #8
*''New Avengers'' #21
*''New Avengers'' #22
*''[[Civil War: Front Line]]'' #1
*''Civil War'' #2
*''Amazing Spider-Man'' #532
*''Amazing Spider-Man'' #533
*''[[Thunderbolts (comics)|Thunderbolts]]'' #103
*''Civil War: Front Line'' #2
*''Fantastic Four'' #538
*''Fantastic Four'' #539
*''Amazing Spider-Man'' #534
*''Civil War: [[Young Avengers]] & [[Runaways (comics)|Runaways]]'' #1
*''Civil War: Young Avengers & Runaways'' #2
*''Civil War: Young Avengers & Runaways'' #3
*''Civil War: Young Avengers & Runaways'' #4
*''Civil War: Front Line'' #3
*''[[Carol Danvers|Ms. Marvel]]'' #6
*''Ms. Marvel'' #7
*''Ms. Marvel'' #8
*''Thunderbolts'' #104
*''Thunderbolts'' #105
*''Civil War: War Crimes''
*''[[Black Panther (comics)|Black Panther]]'' #18
*''Black Panther'' #19
*''Black Panther'' #20
*''Black Panther'' #21
*''Black Panther'' #22
*''[[Civil War: X-Men]]'' #1
*''[[Heroes for Hire]]'' #1
*''Civil War'' #3
*''Civil War'' #4
*''Civil War: X-Men'' #2
*''Civil War: X-Men'' #3
*''Civil War: X-Men'' #4
*''Black Panther'' #23
*''[[Iron Man]]'' Vol. 4 #13
*''[[Cable & Deadpool]]'' #30
*''Cable & Deadpool'' #31
*''Cable & Deadpool'' #32
*''Civil War: Front Line'' #4
*''X-Factor'' #9
*''Civil War: Front Line'' #5
*''Heroes for Hire'' #2
*''Heroes for Hire'' #3
*''New Avengers'' #23
*''Iron Man / Captain America: Casualties of War''
*''Civil War Files''
*''Wolverine'' #46
*''Wolverine'' #47
*''[[Captain America (comic book)|Captain America]]'' (5th series) #22
*''Captain America'' (5th series) #23
*''Captain America'' (5th series) #24
*''Civil War: Front Line'' #6
*''Civil War: Front Line'' #7
*''Daredevil'' #87
*''Civil War: Choosing Sides''
*''New Avengers'' #24
*''Fantastic Four'' #540
*''Amazing Spider-Man'' #535
*''Civil War'' #5
*''Amazing Spider-Man'' #536
*''Punisher: War Journal'' #1
*''Punisher: War Journal'' #2
*''Punisher: War Journal'' #3
*''Iron Man'' #14
*''New Avengers'' #25
*''Black Panther'' #24
*''Civil War: Front Line'' #8
*''Fantastic Four'' #541
*''Fantastic Four'' #542
*''Amazing Spider-Man'' #537
*''[[Winter Soldier (comics)|Winter Soldier]]: Winter Kills''
*''[[Blade (comics)|Blade]]'' #5
*''Civil War'' #6
*''Civil War: The Return''
*''Civil War'' #7
*''Black Panther'' #25
*''Amazing Spider-Man'' #538
*''Civil War: The Confession''
*''Civil War: [[Fifty State Initiative|The Initiative]]''
*''Civil War: Battle Damage Report''
*''Civil War Poster Book''
*''[[Fallen Son: The Death of Captain America]]''
*''[[Ghost Rider]]'' #8-11
*''Marvel Spotlight: Civil War Aftermath''
*''Marvel Spotlight: Captain America Remembered''
{{div col end}}

===Related but not listed===
* The 2006 ''[[Eternals (comics)|Eternals]]'' relaunch has the Civil War play a fairly present background in the setting with [[Sprite (Eternal)|Sprite]] appearing in pro-registration [[Public service announcement|PSAs]]. In issue #3, Iron Man reminds [[Sersi]] to register. In issue #6, Iron Man and [[Hank Pym]] try to get the Eternals to register again, but they refuse. In the end, [[Zuras]] explains that the Eternals have no desire to meddle with humanity, and will stay out of their affairs, which Iron Man concedes as a fair compromise.
* ''[[New X-Men (2004 series)|New X-Men]]'' #28 and ''She-Hulk'' #9 are indirectly, but strongly involved.
* ''[[Marvel Comics Presents]]'' (vol. 2) #12 involves a patsy attempt to get [[Man-Thing]] to register with the government.  The story was published late (October 2008 cover date), during ''[[Secret Invasion]]'' and the same month as ''[[Marvel Zombies 3]]'', in which Man-Thing also appeared.
* The cover of ''[[Nextwave]]: Agents of H.A.T.E.'' #11 features a ''Civil War'' [[parody]] cover including a [[plaid (pattern)|plaid]] background, the words "Not part of a Marvel Comics event", and [[Machine Man|Aaron Stack]] holding up a card reading "Mark Millar licks [[goat]]s".
* ''Spider-Man and [[Power Pack]]'' #3 (March 2007) includes a parody entitled "Civil Wards", written by [[Marc Sumerak]] and illustrated by [[Chris Giarrusso]].
* The final issue of [[Robert Kirkman]]'s ''[[Marvel Team-Up]]'' opens with Peter Parker getting ready to travel to [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] with Iron Man.
* The third issue of the 2006 ''[[Union Jack (Joseph Chapman)|Union Jack]]'' miniseries also mentions Tony Stark and Peter Parker's trip to Washington.
* ''Incredible Hulk'' #100 includes a 12-page backup story dealing with Mr. Fantastic's involvement with the Thor clone, and the repercussions of the Illuminati having exiled the Hulk into space.
* In ''Annihilation'' #4, the former Earth hero [[Nova (comics)|Nova]] is aware of the Civil War and is disappointed with the actions the heroes have taken, as they are not united against the threat of [[Annihilus]].
* In ''Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man'' #6-13, Spider-Man is seen wearing the new suit he got in ''The Road to Civil War''.
* ''Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man'' #14-16
* ''New X-Men'' #29-31
* ''Thunderbolts'' #106-108
* In ''Sensational Spider-Man'' #26-27, Spider-Man is seen wearing the new suit he got in ''The Road to Civil War''.
* In ''Sensational Spider-Man'' #28-34, Spider-Man deals with the aftermath of revealing his identity.
* ''Captain America'' (5th ed.) #25 is subtitled ''Civil War Epilogue''.
* ''Fantastic Four'' #543 is subtitled ''Civil War Epilogue''.
* ''Moon Knight'' (5th ed.) #8 and #9 are direct Civil War tie ins.
* ''Civil War: Front Lines'' #9-11 are direct Civil War tie-ins.

==Collected editions==
===Oversized hardcovers===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! class="unsortable" | Title
! class="unsortable" | Material collected
! Page count
! Publication date
! class="unsortable" | ISBN
|-
| ''Civil War '' 
| Civil War #1-7, Marvel Spotlight: Civil War, Civil War Script Book
| 512
|{{Dts|2010}}
|{{ISBNT|978-0785121787}}
|-
| ''Civil War: Avengers''
| New Avengers: Illuminati, New Avengers #21-25, Ms Marvel #6-8, Iron Man/Captain America: Casualties of War, Iron Man #13-14, Winter Soldier: Winter Kills, Captain America #22-25, Civil War: The Confession, Civil War: The Initiative, Daily Bugle: Civil War Fallen Son Special
|552  
|{{Dts|2010}}
|{{ISBNT|978-0785148807}}
|-
| ''Civil War: Spider-Man''
| Amazing Spider-Man (vol. 1) #529-538, Sensational Spider-Man #28-34, Friendly Neighbourhood Spider-Man #11-16 
|544  
|{{Dts|2010}}
|{{ISBNT|978-0785148821}}
|-
| ''Civil War: Fantastic Four ''
| Fantastic Four #536-543, Black Panther #18-25, She-Hulk #8, Civil War: Young Avengers / Runaways #1-4 
| 536
|{{Dts|2010-10-20}}
|{{ISBNT|978-0785148814}}
|-
| ''Civil War: Underside'' 
| Thunderbolts #103-105, Moon Knight #7-12, Heroes for Hire #1-3, Civil War: War Crimes, Punisher War Journal #1-3, Ghost Rider #8-11
|504  
|{{Dts|2010}}
|{{ISBNT|978-0785148838}}
|-
| ''Civil War: Frontline'' 
| Civil War: Frontline #1-11, Civil War: Choosing Sides, Civil War: The Return
|432  
|{{Dts|2011-01-26}}
|{{ISBNT|978-0785149491}}
|-
| ''Civil War: X-Men '' 
| [[Wolverine (comic book)|Wolverine]] (Volume 3) #42-48, X-Factor #8-9, Cable & Deadpool #30-32, Civil War: X-Men #1-4, Blade #5, Civil War Files, Civil War: Battle Damage Report 
| 520
|{{Dts|2011-03-30}}
|{{ISBNT|978-0785148845}}
|-
| ''Fallen Son'' (Civil War Epilogue) 
| Fallen Son: Wolverine, Fallen Son: New Avengers, Fallen Son: Captain America, Fallen Son: Spider-Man, and Fallen Son: Iron Man, as well as Captain America Comics #1 plus extras from Marvel Spotlight: Captain America Remember and the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe
| 224
|{{Dts|2009-07-08}}
|{{ISBNT|978-0785141280}}
|-
|}

===Trade paperbacks===
* {{cite book | title=''The Road To Civil War'' | last1=Straczynski | first1=J. Michael | author-link=J. Michael Straczynski | last2=Bendis |first2=Brian Michael | others=Illustrated by [[Alex Maleev]] | date=February 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-1974-6}}
* {{cite book | last=Bendis | first=Brian Michael | others=Illustrated by [[Howard Chaykin]], [[Olivier Coipel]] | title=''New Avengers Vol 5: Civil War'' | date=February 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2242-5}}
* {{cite book | last=Reed | first=Brian | author-link=Brian Reed | others=Illustrated by Roberto De La Torre, [[Mike Wieringo]] | title=''Ms. Marvel Vol 2: Civil War'' | date=March 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2304-0}}
* {{cite book | last1=Gray | first1=Justin | author-link=Justin Gray | author2-link=Jimmy Palmiotti |last2=Palmiotti |first2=Jimmy | others=Illustrated by [[Billy Tucci]] | title=''Heroes for Hire Vol 1: Civil War'' | date=April 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2362-0}}
* {{cite book | last=Millar | first=Mark | others=Illustrated by Steve McNiven | title=''Civil War'' TPB | date=April 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2179-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Nicieza | first=Fabian | author-link=Fabian Nicieza | others=Illustrated by [[Tom Grummett]] | title=''Civil War: Thunderbolts'' | date=April 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-1947-0}}
* {{cite book | last=Jenkins | first=Paul | author-link=Paul Jenkins (writer) | others=Illustrated by Ramon F. Bachs | title=''Civil War: Front Line'', Book 1 | date=April 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2312-5}}
* {{cite book | last=Straczynski | first=J. Michael | others=Illustrated by [[Ron Garney]] | title=''Civil War: Amazing Spider-Man'' | date=April 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2237-1}}
* {{cite book | last=Hine | first=David | author-link=David Hine | others=Illustrated by [[Yanick Paquette]] | title=''Civil War: X-Men'' | date=April 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2313-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Fraction | first=Matt | author-link=Matt Fraction | others=Illustrated by [[Ariel Olivetti]] | title=''Punisher War Journal Vol 1: Civil War'' | date=April 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2775-8}}
* {{cite book | last=Straczynski | first=J. Michael | others=Illustrated by [[Mike McKone]] | title=''Civil War: Fantastic Four'' | date=April 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2227-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Wells | first=Zeb | author-link=Zeb Wells | others=Illustrated by Stefano Caselli | title=''Civil War: Young Avengers and Runaways'' | date=May 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2317-0}}
* {{cite book | last=Guggenheim | first=Marc | author-link=Marc Guggenheim | others=Illustrated by [[Humberto Ramos]] | title=''Civil War: Wolverine'' | date=May 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-1980-7}}
* {{cite book | last=Brubaker | first=Ed | author-link=Ed Brubaker | others=Illustrated by [[Mike Perkins]], [[Lee Weeks]] | title=''Civil War: Captain America'' | date=May 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2798-7}}
* {{cite book | last=Aguirre-Sacasa | first=Roberto | author-link=Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa | others=Illustrated by [[Clayton Crain]], [[Angel Medina (artist)|Angel Medina]] | title=''Civil War: Peter Parker, Spider-Man'' | date=May 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2189-3}}
* {{cite book | last=Jenkins | first=Paul | others=Illustrated by Ramon F. Bachs, [[Steve Lieber]] | title=''Civil War: Front Line'', Book 2 | date=May 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2469-6}}
* {{cite book | last1=David | first1=Peter | author-link=Peter David | last2=Nicieza |first2=Fabian | others=Illustrated by [[Dennis Calero]], [[Staz Johnson]] | title=''Civil War: X-Men Universe'' | date=May 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2243-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Tieri | first=Frank | author-link=Frank Tieri (comics) | others=Illustrated by Staz Johnson | title=''Civil War: War Crimes'' | date=May 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2652-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Hudlin | first=Reginald | author-link=Reginald Hudlin | others=Illustrated by [[Scot Eaton]], [[Manuel Garcia (illustrator)|Manuel Garcia]], [[Koi Turnbull]] | title=''Black Panther: Civil War'' | date=May 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2235-7}}
* {{cite book | author1=Biggs, Chris | author2=Byrd, Ronald | author3=Carter, Madison | author4=David, Peter | author5=Fichera, Mike | author6=Flamini, Anthony | author6-link=Anthony Flamini | author7=Gray, Justin | author7-link=Justin Gray | author8=Guggenheim, Marc | author9=Hine, David | author10=Hoskin, Michael | author11=McLauchlin, Jim | author12=O'English, Mark | author13=Reed, Brian | author14=Slott, Dan | author14-link=Dan Slott | author15=Straczynski, J. Michael | author16=Thomas, John Rhett | author17=Trodglen, Dugan | author18=Vandal, Stuart | author19=Wells, Zeb | author20=York, Jeph | others=Illustrated by [[Scott Kolins]], Mike Mayhew | title=''Civil War Companion'' | date=May 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2576-1}}
* {{cite book | author1=Brubaker, Ed | author2=Slott, Dan | author3=Jenkins, Paul | author4=Fraction, Matt | author5=Oeming, Michael Avon | author5-link=Michael Avon Oeming | others=Illustrated by Lee Weeks, [[Tom Raney]], [[Paul Smith (comics)|Paul Smith]], [[Leinil Francis Yu]], [[David Aja]], [[Phil Hester (comics)|Phil Hester]], Scott Kolins, [[Ty Templeton]] | title=''Civil War: Marvel Universe'' | date=June 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2470-2}}
* {{cite book | author1=Brubaker, Ed | author2=Knauf, Charlie | author3=Knauf, Daniel | author3-link=Daniel Knauf | author4=Hudlin, Reginald | others=Illustrated by Mike Perkins | title=''Civil War: Iron Man'' | date=June 2007 | publisher=Marvel | isbn=978-0-7851-2314-9}}

==In other media==
===Novels===
Marvel adapted ''Civil War'' into a prose hardcover novel in July 2012 as the first of a series of four novels adapting some of Marvel's most significant fictional events.<ref name="Moore 22">{{cite book|title=Civil War|first=Stuart|last=Moore|date=6 June 2012|page=22|publisher=Marvel |edition=hardcover|isbn=978-0-7851-6035-9}}</ref>  It was written by [[Stuart Moore]], the writer of ''Namor: The First Mutant''. The book expanded on the story and set the events during [[Barack Obama]]'s first term in office, rather than George W. Bush's last term; Tony Stark makes reference to the [[Affordable Care Act]] when speaking to Spider-Man in the first chapter of the novel.<ref name="Moore 22" /> The novel is set in the alternate timeline created by the controversial storyline "[[Spider-Man: One More Day|One More Day]]" and detailed in "[[One Moment in Time (comics)|One Moment in Time]]", as Spider-Man is depicted as never having married Mary Jane Watson, having never arrived on the day of their wedding.<ref>{{cite book|title=Civil War|first=Stuart|last=Moore|date=6 June 2012|page=191|publisher=Marvel |edition=hardcover|isbn=978-0-7851-6035-9}}</ref> In the original comics version, ''Civil War'' was a lead-in to "One More Day", depicting May Parker's assassination on the orders of [[Kingpin (comics)|Wilson Fisk]] near the end of the main ''Civil War'' storyline.

===Film===
{{Main|Captain America: Civil War}}
The 2016 film ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]'' was a cinematic treatment of the story, albeit focusing more on the issue of government control rather than public knowledge of secret identities: these matters were also being escalated by the interference and manipulation of [[Helmut Zemo]] as his plan for revenge against the Avengers' role in Ultron's assault and the deaths of Zemo's family. The movie version of ''Civil War'' also differs from the comic substantially, former [[General (United States)|U.S Army General]] [[Thunderbolt Ross|Thaddeus Ross]] as the [[U.S Secretary of State]] is involved in the registration debacle instead of [[S.H.I.E.L.D.|S.H.I.E.L.D]] and [[Maria Hill]] as the former was dismantled in ''[[Captain America: The Winter Soldier]]'' and the latter's whereabouts are unknown at that point or is presumably in hiding with [[Nick Fury]], with the fate of [[Bucky Barnes]] becoming a key element of the war after he is framed for the assassination of the Black Panther's father, the king of Wakanda. As in the comics, Captain America and Iron Man are the respective leaders of the anti-registration and pro-registration sides of the conflicts, with Cap's side including the Falcon, Bucky, Ant-Man, Hawkeye, and the Scarlet Witch, and Iron Man's side being Black Widow, War Machine, the Black Panther, Spider-Man and the Vision. Stark and Rogers reconcile after realizing the truth of the king's assassination, but it is short-lived as Zemo reveals Barnes' role in Stark's parents' deaths, and that Rogers kept the truth from him. An enraged Stark attacks both Rogers and Barnes, and the fight culminates with Rogers abandoning his [[Captain America's shield|shield]] and identity and escaping with Barnes, becoming a fugitive in the process. The film concludes with Cap's side seeking asylum in Wakanda after the Black Panther recognizes that he was wrong to target Bucky. The latter is then put into cryogenic sleep. Black Widow goes on the run after betraying Stark's side to help Rogers find the instigator of their fight, and War Machine is left crippled after injuries sustained in the final battle.

Later in the 2018 film ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'' it was revealed that Hawkeye and Ant-Man made deals with Ross to be placed on house arrest, so they could be with their families. The impact of the Civil War is also heavily felt throughout the film as the Avengers' disunity and Rogers and Stark still being on bad terms, left them vulnerable to Thanos' invasion and [[the Blip]].

===Television===
A different variation of the Civil War storyline closely resembling ''[[Civil War II]]'' as it features [[Iron Man]] and [[Carol Danvers|Captain Marvel]] in opposition to each other was adapted in the four-part season finale of ''[[Avengers Assemble (TV series)|Avengers: Ultron Revolution]]''. In this version of the storyline, the Registration Act targets new [[Inhumans]], and teams of Avengers come into conflict over the issue, as in other adaptations. It is revealed in Part 3, however, that the Inhuman Registration Act is actually part of a plan by [[Ultron]] (disguised as Truman Marsh) to begin the Ultron Revolution by manipulating humans and Inhumans into destroying each other, which is foiled by the combined efforts of the Avengers.

===Video games===
* The comic is adapted into ''[[Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2]]''. While the storyline remains relatively faithful to the original comic, it takes a different path halfway through the game, as the act is briefly suspended for the heroes to deal with a crisis involving the nanite network used to control supervillains manifesting a form of sentience. In the game, the player gets to choose whether to side with Pro or Anti-Registration- with [[Captain America]], Luke Cage and Iron Fist 'locked' into Anti-Registration and Iron Man, [[Mister Fantastic]] and Songbird in Pro-Registration: which affects the story's progression, characters they interact with, and the story's ending. [[Spider-Man]] and [[Wolverine (character)|Wolverine]] are however playable on both sides. 
* In ''[[Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds]]'', Iron Man and Captain America reference the event if they are pitted against each other. The player also receives an achievement titled "Whose Side are You On?" if Iron Man defeats Captain America or vice versa in an online match.
* In ''[[Marvel: Contest of Champions]]'', a special storyline featured elements of the Civil War, as the apparent death of the Collector causes Iron Man and Captain America to become divided over what action they should take with the Iso-Spheres that must be collected in the game. This storyline also introduces a special player in the form of the Civil Warrior, who is identified as a version of Steve Rogers who witnessed so much death in the final battle of the Civil War that he adopted some of Tony Stark's armor and dedicated himself to preventing such a catastrophe ever again.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
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* {{comicbookdb|type=title|id=6705|title=Civil War}}
* [http://comicbookimagesgallery.com/tags/civil%20war ''Civil War'' Covers]
* [http://www.bestgraphicnovels.co/review-marvel-civil-war-tpb-plus-movie-preview/ ''Civil War'' Review | BGN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219122251/http://www.bestgraphicnovels.co/review-marvel-civil-war-tpb-plus-movie-preview/ |date=2014-12-19 }} Favourable review of ''Civil War''

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