View source for Modern Palestinian Judeo-Arabic

{{Short description|Variety of Arabic}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Modern Palestinian Judeo-Arabic
| familycolor      = Afro-Asiatic
| states           = [[Israel]], [[Palestinian territories|Palestine]], [[Lebanon]]
| ethnicity        = [[Old Yishuv]] and [[Israeli Jews|Israeli-Jewish]] Descendants
| speakers         = ≤5 {{efn|as of 2016}}
| fam2             = [[Semitic languages|Semitic]]
| fam3             = [[West Semitic languages|West]]
| fam4             = [[Central Semitic languages|Central]]
| fam5             = [[Arabic]]
| fam6             = [[Maghrebi Arabic|Maghrebi]] and [[Levantine Arabic|Levantine]]
| fam7             = [[Pre-Hilalian Arabic dialects|Pre-Hilalian]] and [[South Levantine Arabic|South Levantine]]
| fam8             = [[Judeo-Moroccan Arabic|Judeo-Moroccan]] and [[Palestinian Arabic|Palestinian]]
| dia1             = [[Galilee]]
| dia2             = [[Jerusalem]]
| region           = North and Central Israel, Southern Lebanon
}}

'''Modern Palestinian Judeo-Arabic''' (MPJA) is a variety of [[Arabic]] that was spoken by some Jews in [[Ottoman Palestine]], and currently by some [[Israeli Jews]] in Israel. 

It was once spoken by around 10,000 speakers in the 20th century.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Judeo-Arabic |url=https://www.jewishlanguages.org/judeo-arabic |access-date=2024-01-25 |website=Jewish Languages |language=en}}</ref> Today it is nearly extinct with only 5 speakers remaining in Northern Israel. 

MJPA's decline is attributed to the [[Revival of the Hebrew language|revival of Hebrew]] and the proliferation of the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] among the [[Yishuv]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Hary |first=Benjamin |last2=Benor |first2=Sarah Bunin |date=2018 |title=Languages in Jewish Communities, Past and Present |url=https://www.academia.edu/43235699/Languages_in_Jewish_Communities_Past_and_Present |journal=Languages in Jewish Communities, Past and Present |language=en |publisher=[[De Gruyter]] |volume=112 |pages=570-578 |isbn=978-1-5015-1298-8 |via=Academia.edu}}</ref> 

== History ==
=== Origins ===
[[Maghrebi Jews]] began arriving in [[Ottoman Palestine]] in the 16th century, settling especially in the cities of [[Jerusalem]], [[Safed]], and [[Tiberias]].
Over time, MPJA formed out of a conglomerate of [[Moroccan Judeo-Arabic|Maghrebi Jewish]] dialects and [[Palestinian Arabic|Palestinian non-Jewish]] dialects. In addition to the Jewish communities of Ottoman Palestine, many Jews of coastal Lebanese cities, with whom they maintained strong relations, adopted a version of MJPA.<ref name=":1" />

=== Modern History ===
Presumably, the number of MPJA speakers in the first third of the 20th century reached several thousand and possibly more than ten thousand at its peak. However, as [[Hebrew]] became the dominant language of the [[Yishuv]], and later, the [[State of Israel]], the population sharply declined. the number of MPJA speakers at the end of the 20th century was still more than one hundred in its Galilean and Jerusalem branches.<ref name=":1" /> However, as of 2016, there is estimated to be only 5 speakers remaining in the Galilee.<ref name=":0" />

== Dialects ==
MPJA is divided into two subgroups based on where it was spoken: Galilean MPJA and Jerusalem MPJA. The Galilean has two subdialects in the cities of [[Safed]] and [[Tiberias]].<ref name=":1" />

== Lexicon ==
MPJA lexicon contains several influences from its Maghrebi origins as well as [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], [[Judaeo-Spanish|Ladino]], and [[Aramaic]] terms for several specifically jewish terms. starting in 1936 as Hebrew became ever more prevalent among the Old Yishuv Hebrew loanwords became more prevalent and older Hebrew loanwords phonetically reverted to their original Hebrew pronunciation. By 1948 Hebrew loanwords had completely reverted and Hebrew loans became more prevalent.<ref name=":1" />
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Navboxes|list=
{{Jewish languages}}
{{Levantine Arabic}}
{{Varieties of Arabic}}
{{Palestine topics}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Arabic-lang-stub}}

[[Category:Languages of the State of Palestine]]
[[Category:South Levantine Arabic]]
[[Category:Languages of Israel]]
[[Category:Judeo-Arabic languages]]
[[Category:Endangered Afroasiatic languages]]
[[Category:Jewish languages]]
[[Category:Languages attested from the 16th century]]