View source for United States Naval Academy

{{Short description|U.S. Navy federal service academy in Annapolis, Maryland}}
{{About||the census-designated place|Naval Academy, Maryland}}
{{Redirect|USNA}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}

{{Infobox university
 | name                   = United States Naval Academy
 | image                  = Logo of the United States Naval Academy.svg
 | image_size             = 
 | caption                = 
 | motto                  = {{native name|la|Ex Scientia Tridens}}
 | mottoeng               = ''From Knowledge, Seapower''
 | type                   = [[United States service academies|U.S. service academy]]
 | established            = {{start date and age|df=yes|1845|10|10}}
 | parent                 = [[Naval University System]]
 | academic_affiliations  = [[National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program|Space-grant]]
 | superintendent         = [[Vice admiral (United States)|Vice Admiral]] [[Yvette M. Davids]]
 | head_label             = Commandant of Midshipmen
 | head                   = [[Captain (United States O-6)|Captain]] Walter H. Allman III
 | provost                = Samara L. Firebaugh
 | faculty                = 510
 | students               = 4,576
 | city                   = [[Annapolis, Maryland]]
 | state                  = <!--See above per MOS:SPECIFICLINK-->
 | country                = United States
 | campus                 = Urban – {{convert|338|acre|sqm}}
 | colors                 = {{color box|#000048}} Navy Blue<br />{{color box|#B4A87E}} Gold
 | sports_nickname        = [[Navy Midshipmen|Midshipmen]]
 | sporting_affiliations  = {{hlist|[[NCAA Division I]] – [[Patriot League]]|[[American Athletic Conference|AAC]] [[Collegiate Sprint Football League|CSFL]]|[[Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges|EARC]]|[[Eastern Intercollegiate Gymnastics League|EIGL]]|[[Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association|EIWA]]|[[Intercollegiate Rowing Association|IRA]]}}
 | mascot                 = [[Bill the Goat]]
| logo                    = 
| logo_size               = 
| logo_upright            = 
| logo_alt                = 
 | website                = {{URL|https://www.usna.edu/homepage.php|usna.edu}}
 | embedded               = {{Infobox NRHP
 | embed = yes
 | name = U.S. Naval Academy
 | nrhp_type = nhld
 | nocat = yes
 | image = 
 | caption = 
 | location = Maryland Avenue and Hanover Street, [[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis]], [[Maryland]]
 | locmapin = Maryland#USA
 | built = {{Start date|1845}}
 | architect = [[Ernest Flagg]]
 | engineer = [[Severud Associates]]
 | architecture = Beaux Arts<ref name="nrhpinv2">{{cite web|title=National Historic Register of Historic Places Nomination Form|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/66000386_text|date=28 July 1977|author=Marilynn Larew|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=10 March 2016|archive-date=15 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215015823/https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/66000386_text|url-status=live}} and {{NHLS url|id=66000386|title=''Accompanying photos''|photos=y}}</ref>
 | added = 15 October 1966
 | refnum = 66000386<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
 | designated_nrhp_type = 4 July 1961<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=267&ResourceType=District|archive-url= https://archive.today/20140718013325/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=267&ResourceType=District|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-07-18|title=United States Naval Academy|access-date=2014-07-16| work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>
}}
}}

The '''United States Naval Academy''' ('''USNA''', '''Navy''', or '''Annapolis''') is a [[United States Service academies|federal service academy]] in [[Annapolis, Maryland]]. It was established on 10 October 1845 during the tenure of [[George Bancroft]] as [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]]. The Naval Academy is the second oldest of the five [[United States service academies|U.S. service academies]] and it educates midshipmen for service in the officer corps of the [[United States Navy]] and [[United States Marine Corps]]. It is part of the [[Naval University System]]. The {{convert|338|acre|ha|0|adj=on}} campus is located on the former grounds of [[Fort Severn]] at the confluence of the [[Severn River (Maryland)|Severn River]] and [[Chesapeake Bay]] in [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland|Anne Arundel County]], {{convert|33|mi|km|0}} east of Washington, D.C., and {{convert|26|mi|km}} southeast of [[Baltimore]]. The entire campus, known colloquially as the Yard, is a [[National Historic Landmark]] and home to many historic sites, buildings, and monuments. It replaced [[Philadelphia Naval Asylum]] in [[Philadelphia]] that had served as the first United States Naval Academy from 1838 to 1845 when the Naval Academy formed in Annapolis.<ref name=toll>{{cite web|url=http://www.navalsquare.com/historic.html|title=History Meets Modern Luxury|author=Toll Brothers|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215124855/http://www.navalsquare.com/historic.html|archive-date=15 February 2015}}</ref>

Candidates for admission generally must apply directly to the academy and apply separately for a nomination, usually from a [[United States Congress|member of Congress]]. Students are officers-in-training with the rank of [[midshipman]]. Tuition for midshipmen is fully funded by the Navy in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation. Approximately 1,200 "plebes" (an abbreviation of the Ancient Roman word ''[[plebeian]]'') enter the academy each summer for the rigorous [[Plebe Summer]]. About 1,000 midshipmen graduate and commission. Graduates are [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] as either [[Ensign (rank)|ensigns]] in the Navy or [[second lieutenant]]s in the Marine Corps, but a small number can also be cross-commissioned as officers in other U.S. services, and the services of allied nations. The United States Naval Academy has some of the highest-paid graduates in the country according to starting salary.<ref>{{cite web|title=Colleges with the highest-paid grads|url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/pf/college/2014/09/10/higest-paid-graduates/2.html|website=CNN|date=10 September 2014|access-date=3 August 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920122500/https://money.cnn.com/gallery/pf/college/2014/09/10/higest-paid-graduates/2.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The academic program grants a Bachelor of Science degree with a curriculum that grades midshipmen's performance upon a broad academic program, military leadership performance, and mandatory participation in competitive athletics. Midshipmen are required to adhere to the academy's [[Honor Concept]].

[[File:BancroftHall.JPG|thumb|Rotunda steps leading to Memorial Hall]]

==Other Navy schools==
The Navy operates the [[Naval Postgraduate School]] and the [[Naval War College]] separately. The [[Naval Academy Preparatory School]] (NAPS) in Newport, Rhode Island, is the official preparatory school for the Naval Academy.

==History==
[[File:General View of the Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland.jpg|thumb|U.S. Naval Academy in 1853]]
[[File:New cadet quarters and mess hall, from Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views.jpg|thumb|[[Stereoscopy|Stereoscopic views]] of midshipman quarters and mess hall c. 1905]]
The first nautical school for officers was conceived by Commodore [[Arthur Sinclair]] in 1819 while in command of the Norfolk Navy Yard. Due to his zeal and perseverance, the "Nautical School" was opened on board the frigate {{USS|Guerriere|1814|2}} on 3 December 1821 with between 40 and 50 midshipmen attached to the ship. The curriculum was diversified with naval tactics, astronomy, geography, French, history, English grammar, and international relations. The school operated until 1828, when USS ''Guerriere'' was ordered to duty in the Pacific.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Barnett|first=Lelia Montague|date=October 1920|title=Commodore Sinclair and The Nautical School|magazine=Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine|volume=LIV| issue =10|page=553}}</ref> It was from that small start that the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis grew.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mersey Built: The Role of Merseyside in the American Civil War|last=Thorpe|first=Robert|publisher=Vernon Press|date=September 2017|isbn=978-1-62273-281-4|page=278}}</ref>

The history of the academy can be divided into four eras: the use of original Fort Severn from 1845 to 1861, "Porter's Academy" between 1865 and 1903, "[[Ernest Flagg|Flagg]] Academy" from 1903 to 1941, and the modern era since 1941.{{sfn|Poyer|2018|pp=13–16}}

The academy's Latin motto is {{lang|la|Ex Scientia Tridens}}, which means 'Through Knowledge, Sea Power'. It appears on a design devised by naval academy graduate (1867) [[Park Benjamin, Jr.]] It was adopted by the Navy Department in 1898 due to the efforts of another graduate (also 1867) and collaborator, Jacob W. Miller.<ref>{{cite book |title=The United States naval academy, being the yarn of the American midshipman, Naval Cadet |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924030752434 |first=Park |last=Benjamin |location=New York and London |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1900 |page=349 |quote=The whole is the design of the author, and was adopted by the Navy Department in 1898. Up to that year, the naval academy had possessed no authorized device, although it had printed on its registers an arbitrary symbol. The occasion which led to the adoption of the present design was the building of a new club-house by the University Club of New York, on the exterior of which the coats-of-arms of the several colleges were placed as an embellishment, and this brought the fact to general notice that the naval academy had no badge of the kind. The matter was at once taken up by Mr. Jacob W. Miller, of the class of 1867, and mainly through his endeavors the desired approval of the Navy Department was secured.}}</ref>

===Early years===
The institution was founded as the Naval School on 10 October 1845 by [[United States Secretary of Navy|Secretary of the Navy]] [[George Bancroft]] and Captain David Forman. The campus was established at [[Annapolis]] on the grounds of the former U.S. Army post [[Fort Severn]]. The school opened with 50 midshipman students and seven professors. The decision to establish an academy on land may have been in part a result of the {{USS|Somers|1842|2}} Affair, an alleged mutiny involving the Secretary of War's son that resulted in his execution at sea. [[Commodore (United States)|Commodore]] [[Matthew C. Perry|Matthew Perry]] had a considerable interest in naval education, supporting an apprentice system to train new seamen, and helped establish the curriculum for the United States Naval Academy. He was also a vocal proponent of modernization of the navy.

Originally a course of study for five years was prescribed. Only the first and last were spent at the school with the other three being passed at sea. The present name was adopted when the school was reorganized in 1850 and placed under the supervision of the chief of the Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography. Under the immediate charge of the superintendent, the course of study was extended to seven years with the first two and the last two to be spent at the school and the intervening three years at sea. The four years of study were made consecutive in 1851 and practice cruises were substituted for the three consecutive years at sea. The first class of naval academy students graduated on 10 June 1854. They were considered as [[passed midshipmen]] until 1912, when graduates were first sworn in as officers.<ref name=greatwar>{{Cite magazine |first=Jim |last=Cheevers|year=2018 |title=The U.S. Naval Academy during the Great War |magazine=Shipmate |volume=81 |issue=7 |pages=34–40}}</ref>

In 1850, Edward Seager joined the faculty as the first instructor of drawing, and he also served as the first fencing instructor. He held the position of teacher of the art of defence from 1851 to 1859.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lull|first=Edward|title=Description and History of the United States Naval Academy: From its Origin to the Present Time|publisher=United States Naval Academy|year=1869|pages=62, 93|url=https://cdm16099.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15241coll5/id/127/rec/4|access-date=7 February 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206235258/https://cdm16099.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15241coll5/id/127/rec/4|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1860, the [[Tripoli Monument]] was moved to the academy grounds. Later that year in August, the model of the USS ''Somers'' experiment was resurrected when {{USS|Constitution}}, then 60 years old, was recommissioned as a school ship for the fourth-class midshipmen after a conversion and refitting begun in 1857. She was anchored at the yard, and the plebes lived on board the ship to immediately introduce them to shipboard life and experiences.{{sfn|Conrad|2003|p=6}}

===American Civil War===
The [[American Civil War]] was disruptive to the Naval Academy. Southern sympathy ran high in Maryland. Although riots broke out, Maryland did not declare secession. The United States government was planning to move the school, when the sudden outbreak of hostilities forced a quick departure. Almost immediately the three upper classes were detached and ordered to sea, and the remaining elements of the academy were transported to [[Fort Adams]] in [[Newport, Rhode Island]] by the {{USS|Constitution}} in April 1861, where the academy was set up in temporary facilities and opened in May.<ref name=1860s>{{cite book|last1=Duchesneau|first1=John T|first2=Kathleen|last2=Troost-Cramer|title=Fort Adams: A History|date=2014|publisher=The History Press|location=Charleston, SC|isbn=978-1-62619-528-8|page=44|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ucyTAwAAQBAJ&q=%22benjamin%20k.%20pierce%22%20%22fort%20adams%22&pg=PA44}}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The Annapolis campus, meanwhile, was turned into a United States Army Hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.joshualawrencechamberlain.com/annapolis.php|title=Echoes from Life in Camp|access-date=8 March 2013|archive-date=20 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320023445/http://www.joshualawrencechamberlain.com/annapolis.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:USNA-Constitution&Santeelate1860s.jpg|thumb|right|US Naval Academy waterfront in the late 1860s with the barrack/school ships USS ''Constitution'' and ''Santee'' tied up in the background. Other ships not identified.]]

The [[United States Navy]] was stressed by the situation – 24% of its officers resigned to join the [[Confederate States Navy]], including 95 graduates and 59 midshipmen,{{sfn|Conrad|2003|p=6}} along with many key leaders who influenced USNA's founding. As the first superintendent of the [[United States Naval Observatory]], Commander [[Matthew Fontaine Maury]], who advocated<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/m/matthew-fontaine-maury-benefactor-of-mankind.html |title=Mathew Fontaine Maury: Benefactor of Mankind |publisher=History.navy.mil |access-date=23 March 2015 |archive-date=28 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228023136/http://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/m/matthew-fontaine-maury-benefactor-of-mankind.html |url-status=live }}</ref> for creating the United States Naval Academy, also resigned his commission.

The first superintendent, Admiral [[Franklin Buchanan]], joined the Confederate States Navy as its first and primary admiral. Captain [[Sidney Smith Lee]], the second commandant of midshipmen,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usna.com/Page.aspx?pid=508|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531103105/https://www.usna.com/Page.aspx?pid=508|url-status=dead| archive-date=31 May 2009|title=Commandants |publisher=U.S. Naval Academy Alumni Association & Foundation}}</ref> and older brother of Robert E. Lee, left Federal service in 1861 for the Confederate States Navy. Lieutenant [[William Harwar Parker]], CSN, class of 1848, and instructor at USNA, joined the [[Virginia State Navy]], and then went on to become the superintendent of the [[Confederate States Naval Academy]].

Lieutenant Charles "Savez" Read may have been "anchor man" (graduated last) in the class of 1860, but his later service to the Confederate States Navy included defending New Orleans, service on CSS ''Arkansas'' and CSS ''Florida'', and command of a series of captured Union ships that culminated in seizing the US Revenue Cutter ''Caleb Cushing'' in Portland, Maine. Lieutenant [[James Iredell Waddell]], CSN, a former instructor at the US Naval Academy, commanded the [[CSS Shenandoah|CSS ''Shenandoah'']].

The midshipmen and faculty returned to Annapolis in the summer of 1865, just after the war ended.

===Porter's Academy: Civil War to Spanish–American War===
[[File:David Dixon Porter - Mathew Brady's National Photographic Art Gallery.jpg|thumb|upright|[[David Dixon Porter]]]]
Civil War hero Admiral [[David Dixon Porter]] became superintendent in 1865. He found the infrastructure at Annapolis a shambles, the result of ill military use during the War. Porter attempted to restore the facilities. He concentrated on recruiting naval officers as opposed to civilians, a change of philosophy. He recruited teachers Stephen B. Luce, future admirals [[Winfield Scott Schley]], [[George Dewey]], and [[William T. Sampson]]. The midshipman [[battalion]] consisted of four [[company (military)|companies]]. These were bunked in a single wooden building containing 100 rooms, one company to a floor. They held dress parades every evening except Sunday. Students were termed "cadets", though sometimes "cadet midshipmen"; other appellations were used. Porter began organized athletics, usually intramural at the time.<ref name="sm9504">{{cite magazine |first=James |last=Cheevers |date=April 1995 |title=article |magazine=Shipmate |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=23–26}}{{full citation needed|date=May 2021|reason=No title}}</ref>

[[Antoine Joseph Corbesier]], an immigrant from Belgium, was appointed to the position of Assistant Swordmaster in 1864, and then Swordmaster at USNA in October 1865. He coached Navy fencers in intercollegiate competition from 1896, when the Naval Academy joined the Intercollegiate Fencing Association, until 1914, when he retired. By special act of Congress, he was commissioned a 1st lieutenant in the Marine Corps on 4 March 1914. He died on 26 March 1915 and is buried on Hospital Point.

In 1867, indoor plumbing and water was supplied to the family quarters. In 1868, the [[Figurehead (object)|figurehead]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=NH 115261 USS DELAWARE figurehead - Tamanend: Front view |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nhhc-series/nh-series/NH-115000/NH-115261.html |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=NHHC |language=en-US }}</ref> of [[Tamanend]] from {{USS|Delaware|1820|6}} (later nicknamed "[[Tecumseh]]") was erected in the yard. Class rings were first issued in 1869. Weekly dances were held. Wags called the school "Porter's Dancing Academy." President [[U.S. Grant]] distributed diplomas to the class of 1869.<ref name="sm9504"/> Porter ensured continued room for expansion by overseeing the purchase of {{convert|113|acre}} across College Creek, later known as Hospital Point.

In 1871, the color competition began, along with the selection of the color company and "color girl."<ref name="sm9504"/>

In the 1870s, cuts in the military budget resulted in graduating much smaller classes. In 1872, 25 graduated. Eight of these made the Navy a career.<ref name="sm9504"/> The third class physically hazed the fourth class so ruthlessly that Congress passed an anti-hazing law in 1874. Hazing continued in more stealthy forms.<ref name="sm9504"/>

Many firsts for minorities occurred during this period. In 1877, Kiro Kunitomo, a Japanese citizen, graduated from the academy.<ref>{{cite news|title=Asian Pacific American Heritage Month |work=WindJammer |page=5 |publisher=Commander, Fleet Activities, Okinawa |date=May 2008 |url=http://www.cnic.navy.mil/regions/cnrj/installations/cfa_okinawa.html/windjammer/May%20Windjammer%20compressed.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150227144418/http://www.cnic.navy.mil/regions/cnrj/installations/cfa_okinawa.html/windjammer/May |archive-date=27 February 2015 |access-date=9 February 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Williams |first=Rudi |title=Asian/Pacific American Military Timeline |publisher=The Chinese Historical and Cultural Project |date=11 June 2002 |url=http://www.chcp.org/memorialday.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130063434/http://www.chcp.org/memorialday.html |archive-date=2009-01-30 |format=Timeline |access-date=3 January 2009}}</ref> And then in 1879, [[Robert F. Lopez]] was the first Hispanic-American to graduate from the academy.

[[John H. Conyers]] of South Carolina was the first African-American admitted on 21 September 1872.<ref>{{cite web|title=Black History Legends Nuggets|url=http://www.blackhistoryusa.com/legends.php|access-date=9 March 2013|archive-date=30 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330005336/http://blackhistoryusa.com/legends.php|url-status=live}}</ref> After his arrival, he was subject to severe, ongoing hazing, including verbal torment, and beatings. His classmates even attempted to drown him.<ref name=schneller>{{cite book|last=Schneller|first=Robert J.|title=Breaking the Color Barrier: the U.S. Naval Academy's First Black Midshipmen and the Struggle for Racial Equality|year=2005|publisher=New York Univ. Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0814740132}}</ref> Three cadets were dismissed as a result, but the abuse, including [[shunning]], continued in more subtle forms and Conyers finally resigned in October 1873.<ref>{{cite web|last=Clare|first=Rod|title=The Sixth Wave: Black Integration in the U.S. Naval Academy|url=http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=10761|access-date=9 March 2013|date=July 2005|archive-date=22 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522044102/http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=10761|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1874, the curriculum was altered to study naval topics in the final two years at the academy. In 1878, the academy was awarded a gold medal for academics at the [[Exposition Universelle (1878)|Universal Exposition]] in Paris.<ref name="sm9504"/> In the late 19th century, Congress required the academy to teach a formal course in hygiene, the only course required by Congress of any military academy.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

In 1890, Navy adopted the [[Bill the Goat|goat mascot]] after winning its first football game with Army.<ref name=greatwar/>

===The Flagg Academy: Spanish–American War to WWI===
[[File:US Naval Academy 1894.jpg|thumb|The graduating class of 1894]]
The [[Spanish–American War]] of 1898 greatly increased the academy's importance and the campus was almost wholly rebuilt and much enlarged between 1899 and 1906. The ground on which most of the academy sat was dredged from the surrounding bodies of water and consisted of silt. This was too fragile for the newer heavy stone buildings. [[Piling]]s were sunk from {{convert|100|feet}} to {{convert|400|feet}} deep. Some wooden with iron caps; modern ones of steel.{{sfn|Poyer|2018|pp=13–16}}<!---need additional verbiage having to do with reforms brought about from the 1890 Mahan book--> Today's campus dates from that era. In 1905, Isherwood Hall, containing the Department of Marine Engineering, was constructed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/md0947/|title=U.S. Naval Academy, Isherwood Hall, Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, MD|first=Historic American Buildings|last=Survey|website=www.loc.gov|access-date=6 July 2019|archive-date=6 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706133501/https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/md0947/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Prior to that era, about 43 men entered annually. There were 114 joining the class of 1905, 201 with the class of 1908.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x030451383;view=1up;seq=227|title=Register of alumni, graduates, and former naval cadets and midshipmen. 1916.|journal=Annual Reunion|year=1866|access-date=12 January 2018|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225182838/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x030451383;view=1up;seq=227|url-status=live}}</ref>

The academy built a modern hospital in 1907, the fourth in sequence, on what is today called "Hospital Point."<ref name=shipmarch>{{Cite magazine |first=Bill |last=Schramm |title=58 class news |magazine=Shipmate |volume=84 |issue=2 |pages=58 |date=March–April 2021 }}</ref>

In 1910, the academy established its own dairy farm. In 1913, the Navy purchased the [[Howard's Adventure]] estate in nearby [[Gambrills, Maryland]] to expand their dairy operations. The farm is also home to [[Bill the Goat]]. The Naval Academy dairy was closed in 1998.<ref name="usna.edu">{{Cite web|url=https://www.usna.edu/USNAHistory/History.php|title=USNA Timeline|website=www.usna.edu|access-date=4 December 2018|archive-date=13 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413061004/https://www.usna.edu/USNAHistory/History.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

====The Aviation School====
On 23 August 1911, the Navy officers on flight duty at [[Hammondsport, New York|Hammondsport]], New York, and [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]], Ohio, were ordered to report for duty at the Engineering Experiment Station, Naval Academy, "in connection with the test of gasoline motors and other experimental work in the development of aviation, including instruction at the aviation school" being set up on Greenbury Point, Annapolis.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ray|first1=Thomas|title=Annapolis: The Navy's First Aerodrome|url=http://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1971-10/annapolis-navys-first-aerodrome|website=Proceedings Magazine|publisher=U.S. Naval Institute|date=October 1971|access-date=16 April 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402133228/http://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1971-10/annapolis-navys-first-aerodrome|url-status=live}}</ref> The "aerodrome" at Greenbury Point sat on 1000 square feet of land and consisted of a building with a rubber-reinforced roof containing three hangars (one for each of the newly purchased airplanes), a workshop, an office, and several bunk rooms. All three airplanes cost a total of $14,000. Over 100 officers applied for aviation duty prior to August 1911. Swimming was among a set of other qualifications that a pilot candidate must have passed before being accepted to aviation duty. Pilot qualifications were in accordance with Federation Aeronautique Internationale (FAI) standards. In the presence of a committee of the Aero Club of America, a pilot candidate had to fly five figure eights around two flags buoyed 1500 feet apart then land within 150 feet of an established mark. This course had to be completed twice. The test also required the prospective aviator to climb to a minimum altitude of 150&nbsp;ft (officially 50 meters). It was estimated by CAPT [[Washington Irving Chambers]] that a student could qualify as a new pilot in about a month, weather permitting. All students wore life preservers. The control wheel of the Curtiss machines featured a "shift control" where the controls could be "thrown" between the student and instructor at any time. The Wright machine was delivered to Greenbury by August 1911, but was not yet configured with water gear.<ref>Times-Picayune. Our Aero Amphibian Fleet. John Elfreth Watkins. 20 August 1911. Page 1.</ref> Navy flight training moved to [[NAS Pensacola]], Florida, in January 1914.<ref>Shettle, Jr., M. L., "United States Naval Air Stations of World War II, Volume I: Eastern States", Schaertel Publishing Co., Bowersville, Georgia, 1995, Library of Congress card number 94-68879, {{ISBN|0-9643388-0-7}}, page 177.</ref>

In 1912, {{USS|Reina Mercedes||2}}, sunk at the [[Battle of Santiago de Cuba]], was raised and used as the "brig" ship for the academy.<ref name="reina">{{cite magazine |first=David |last=Poyer |title=The Most Kissed Man in America |magazine=Shipmate |page=41 |date=March–April 2009}}{{full citation needed|date=May 2021|reason=Vol. & no.}}</ref>

By 1912, the midshipmen were organized into a [[brigade]], its current structure.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xpA6AQAAMAAJ&q=brigade+at+naval+academy&pg=PA25|title=Annual Register of the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md|first=United States Naval|last=Academy|date=12 January 2018|access-date=22 November 2020|archive-date=12 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412052256/https://books.google.com/books?id=xpA6AQAAMAAJ&q=brigade+at+naval+academy&pg=PA25|url-status=live}}</ref> The prior organization was named a [[regiment]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Life at the U.S. Naval Academy; the making of the American naval officer |first1=Ralph |last1=Earle |year=1917 |location=New York; London |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeatusnavalaca00earl |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>

In 1914, the Midshipmen Drum and Bugle corps was formed and by 1922 it went defunct. They were revived in 1926.<ref name=CorpHistory/>

The brigade and faculty tripled during WWI. The 3rd and 4th wings of Bancroft Hall were built.<ref name=greatwar/>

In 1918, the [[Spanish flu|great flu pandemic of 1918]] infected about half the brigade (1,000 out of 2,000 men); ten midshipmen died.<ref name=greatwar/>

====World War I and interwar period====
With the advent of the automobile and improved roads, the academy became a tourist attraction.<ref name=greatwar/>

At the 1920 summer Olympics men's 8+ rowing competition in Brussels, the Naval Academy rowing men's 8+ (The Wonder Crew) won the gold medal. US collegiate boats won the gold medal in the 8+ competition at the next seven Olympics – a standing record as of 2019 for consecutive gold medal wins by any nation in a particular sport.

The Naval Academy football team played the [[University of Washington]] in the [[Rose Bowl Game|Rose Bowl]] tying 14–14. In 1925, the second-class ring dance was started. In 1925, the Midshipmen Drum and Bugle Corps was formally reestablished.<ref name=CorpHistory>{{cite web|url=http://www.usna.edu/Music/ensembles/drum-bugle/#fndtn-panel1About|title=About: History|publisher=U.S. Naval Academy Drum and Bugle Corps, U.S. Naval Academy|access-date=16 April 2015|archive-date=7 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407160014/http://www.usna.edu/Music/ensembles/drum-bugle/#fndtn-panel1About|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1926, "[[Navy Blue and Gold]]", composed by organist and choirmaster J. W. Crosley, was first sung in public. It became a tradition to sing this [[Alma mater (song)|alma mater song]] at the end of student and alumni gatherings such as pep rallies and football games, and on graduation day. In 1926, Navy won the national collegiate football championship title. In the fall of 1929, the [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]] gave his approval for graduates to compete for [[Rhodes scholars|Rhodes Scholarships]]. Six graduates were selected for that honor that same year. The [[Association of American Universities]] accredited the Naval Academy curriculum on 30 October 1930.

In 1930, the class of 1891 presented a bronze replica of the figurehead of Tamanend to replace the deteriorating wooden figurehead that had been prominently displayed on campus.<ref name="sm9504"/>

President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] signed into law an [[act of Congress]] (Public Law 73–21, 48 Stat. 73) on 25 May 1933 providing for the Bachelor of Science degree for Naval, Military, and Coast Guard Academies. Four years later, Congress authorized the superintendent to award a Bachelor of Science degree to all living graduates. Reserve officer training was re-established in anticipation of World War II in 1941.<!-- how did reserve officer training affect USNA? -->

[[File:5c Navy issue 1937 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.35|The U.S. Naval Academy was honored by the U.S. Post Office on a commemorative stamp, depicting two midshipmen in past (left) and present uniforms, with the Naval Academy seal at center, issued in 1937.<ref>{{cite web |title=5-cent Naval Academy Seal & Midshipmen |access-date=23 May 2014 |publisher=Smithsonian National Postal Museum |url=http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=1&cmd=1&tid=2033198 |archive-date=24 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524064451/http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=1&cmd=1&tid=2033198 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
In 1939, the first [[Yard patrol boat]] arrived.

In 1940, the academy stopped using ''Reina Mercedes'' as a brig for disciplining midshipmen, and restricted them to Bancroft Hall, instead.<ref name="reina"/>

In April 1941, superintendent Rear Admiral [[Russell Willson]] refused to allow the school's [[field lacrosse|lacrosse]] team [[1941 Harvard–Navy lacrosse game|to play a visiting team]] from [[Harvard University]] because the Harvard team included an African-American player. Harvard's athletic director ordered the player home and the game was played on 4 April, as scheduled, which Navy won 12–0.<ref>{{cite news |last=Doan |first=Lurita |author-link=Lurita Doan |date=2 August 2009 |url=https://latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-doan2-2009aug02,0,4175835.story |title=On race, Harvard still must learn |format=Newspaper editorial |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=12 December 2019 |archive-date=5 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805180700/http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-doan2-2009aug02,0,4175835.story |url-status=live }}; {{cite book |last=Fisher |first=Donald M. |year=2002 |title=Lacrosse: A History of the Game |url=https://archive.org/details/lacrossehistoryo0000fish |url-access=registration |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=0-8018-6938-2 }}; {{cite news |last=Gup |first=Ted |date=12 December 2004 |url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/magazine/articles/2004/12/12/southern_discomfort/ |title=Southern Discomfort |format=Newspaper article |work=Boston Globe |access-date=11 August 2009 |archive-date=14 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114045851/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/magazine/articles/2004/12/12/southern_discomfort/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Georgia Tech President and Colonel Dr. [[Blake R Van Leer]] would later be appointed by President [[Harry S. Truman]] to the Visitor Board and assist with its curriculum. Dr. Van Leer was already a member to [[UNESCO|The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]] who had a focus to work against racism through influential [[The Race Question|statements on race]] starting with a declaration of anthropologists.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001269/126969eb.pdf |title = UNESCO. (1950). Statement by experts on race problems. Paris, 20 July 1950. UNESCO/SS/1. UNESDOC database |access-date = 8 June 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120407030543/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001269/126969eb.pdf |archive-date = 7 April 2012 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3N_KlLQISQMC&dq=blake+%22van+leer%22&pg=PA35|title=Summary Minutes of Meeting|year=1956|publisher=United States National Commission for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.|access-date=20 March 2023|archive-date=12 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412052422/https://books.google.com/books?id=3N_KlLQISQMC&dq=blake+%22van+leer%22&pg=PA35|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1941, the 5th and 6th wings of Bancroft Hall were completed.<ref name=greatwar/><!---I think they were started during WW I!--> Landfill was made outboard of the hospital to create a sports field. Fill was made on the north side of the Severn to create an area for seaplanes.{{sfn|Poyer|2018|pp=12–13}}

===Modern era: World War II to present===
The academy and its support facilities became part of the Severn River Naval Command from 1941 to 1962.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnic.navy.mil/regions/ndw/installations/nsa_annapolis.html |title=NSA Annapolis – About |publisher=Cnic.navy.mil |access-date=10 October 2011 |archive-date=8 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108200736/https://www.cnic.navy.mil/regions/ndw/installations/nsa_annapolis.html |url-status=live }}</ref><!---maybe support command should have its own article?--->

A total of 3,319 graduates were commissioned during World War II. Dr. [[Christian J. Lambertsen|Chris Lambertsen]] held the first [[Diving rebreather|closed-circuit oxygen]] SCUBA course in the United States for the [[Office of Strategic Services]] maritime unit at the academy on 17 May 1943.<ref name=butler>{{cite journal |author=Butler FK |title=Closed-circuit oxygen diving in the U.S. Navy |journal=Undersea Hyperb Med |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=3–20 |year=2004 |pmid=15233156 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3986 |access-date=19 March 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513020826/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3986}}</ref><ref name=Hawkins>{{cite journal |author=Hawkins, T. |title=OSS Maritime |journal=The Blast|date=2000|volume=32 |issue=1}}</ref> In 1945, A Department of Aviation was established. That year a vice admiral, [[Aubrey W. Fitch]], became superintendent. The naval academy celebrated its centennial. During the century of its existence, roughly 18,563 midshipmen had graduated, including the class of 1946.<ref name="usna.edu"/>

The academy was accredited in 1947 by the [[Middle States Association|Middle States Commission on Higher Education]].

On January 15, 1947, [[James L. Holloway Jr.|James L. Holloway]] became the 35th [[List of Superintendents of the United States Naval Academy|superintendent of the United States Naval Academy]], succeeding Vice Admiral [[Aubrey W. Fitch]].<ref name=superintendents>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usna.com/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?&pid=507&srcid=911|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927214135/http://www.usna.com/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?&pid=507&srcid=911|url-status=dead|title=Superintendents of the U.S. Naval Academy|archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref> At 48, Holloway was the youngest superintendent in fifty years, having been handpicked by [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]] Forrestal to implement the academic changes suggested by the Holloway Board, which had recommended that the Naval Academy curriculum move away from rote recitation and continuous crams "to give a stronger emphasis to basic and general education, rendering more fundamental and less detailed instruction in strictly naval material and techniques."<ref name=annapolis>{{citation| title=Change at Annapolis|magazine=Time|date=January 20, 1947|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,854327,00.html?promoid=googlep|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025112358/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,854327,00.html?promoid=googlep|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 25, 2008|isbn=0-8078-3047-X|last1=Michael Gelfand|first1=H.}}</ref>

An accelerated course was given to midshipmen during the war years which affected classes entering during the war and graduating later. The students studied year around. This affected the class of 1948 most of all. For the only time, a class was divided by academic standing. 1948A graduated in June 1947; the remainder, called 1948B, a year later.<ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1CsNenXrHtAC&q=-wikipedia+rickover+recommendations+curriculum+naval+academy&pg=PA96|title=The Midshipman Culture and Educational Reform|publisher=University of Delaware Press|isbn=9780874138641|year=2004|access-date=22 November 2020|archive-date=12 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412052255/https://books.google.com/books?id=1CsNenXrHtAC&q=-wikipedia+rickover+recommendations+curriculum+naval+academy&pg=PA96|url-status=live}}</ref>

From 1946 to 1961, [[Naval Aircraft Factory N3N Canary|N3N]] amphibious biplanes were used at the academy to introduce midshipmen to flying.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Robert F. |last=Dunn |date=May–June 2011 |title=Early Aviation at Annapolis |magazine=Shipmate |volume=74 |issue=4 |page=16}}</ref>

On 3 June 1949, [[Wesley A. Brown]], the sixth African-American to enter the academy,<ref name=schneller/> became the first to graduate, followed several years later by [[Lawrence Chambers]], who became the first African-American graduate to make flag rank.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://history.navy.mil/library/guides/rosters/african_am_flag.htm |title=African American Flag Officers in the US Navy |publisher=Department of the Navy |date=4 September 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20130501212435/http://www.history.navy.mil/library/guides/rosters/african_am_flag.htm |archive-date=1 May 2013 }}</ref>

The 1950 Navy fencing team won the NCAA national championship.

The Navy eight-man rowing crew won the [[Rowing at the 1952 Summer Olympics|gold medal]] at [[1952 Summer Olympics]] in Helsinki, Finland. They were also named National Intercollegiate Champions.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web | url=http://www.usna.edu/USNAHistory/ | title=A brief history of USNA – Interactive USNA Historic Timeline | publisher=U.S. Naval Academy | access-date=5 May 2015 | archive-date=7 May 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507071508/http://www.usna.edu/USNAHistory/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 1955, the tradition of greasing [[Herndon Monument]] for plebes to climb to exchange their plebe "dixie cup" covers (hats) for a midshipman's cover started.

In 1957, the moored training ship ''Reina Mercedes'', ruined by a hurricane, was scrapped.<ref name="reina"/>

The 1959 fencing team won the NCAA national championship, and became the first to do so by placing first in all three weapons (foil, épée, and saber). All 3 fencers were selected for the [[1960 Summer Olympics|1960 Olympics]] team, as was head coach Andre Deladrier. The [[Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium]], funded by donations, was dedicated 26 September 1959.

From 1959 to 1973, land was reclaimed from the Chesapeake Bay and Severn River, removal of Isherwood, Melville, and Griffin Halls, and by moving the stadium off-campus. This allowed room for expansion of Bancroft Hall, and the addition of Mitscher, Michelson, Chauvenet, Alumni, Rickover, and Hopper Halls, and the Nimitz Library. Encroached parade grounds and athletic fields were moved riverside onto the newly filled areas.{{sfn|Poyer|2018|pp=14–16}}

[[Joe Bellino]] (Class of 1961) was awarded the [[Heisman Trophy]] on 22 June 1960. In 1961, the Naval Academy Foreign Affairs Conference was started. The [[United States Department of the Interior|U.S. Department of the Interior]] designated the campus of the U.S. Naval Academy as a [[National Historic Landmark]] on 21 August 1961.

The 1962 fencing team won the NCAA national championship.

In 1963, [[Roger Staubach]], Class of 1965, was awarded the Heisman Trophy.

In 1963, the academy changed from a marking system based on 4.0 to a letter grade. Midshipmen began referring to the statue of Tamanend as the "god of 2.0" instead of "the god of 2.5", the former failing mark.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Poyer, David |title=The Mystery of Tecumseh |magazine=Shipmate |date=August 2008}}{{full citation needed|date=May 2021|reason=Vol., no. & pages}}</ref>

The academy started the Trident Scholar Program in 1963. From 3 to 16 juniors are selected for independent study during their final year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trident Scholar Program |publisher=U.S. Naval Academy |url=http://www.usna.edu/TridentProgram/overview.htm |access-date=17 January 2011 |archive-date=9 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709124249/http://www.usna.edu/TridentProgram/overview.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Professor Samuel Massie became the first African-American faculty member in 1966. On 4 June 1969, the first designated engineering degrees were granted to qualified graduates of the Class of 1969.<ref name="auto1"/> During the period 1968 to 1972, the academy moved beyond engineering to include more than 20 majors. From 1845 to 1968, midshipmen studied identical courses, with the exception of a choice of foreign language. In 1970, the "[[James Forrestal]] Lecture" was created, named for the first [[United States Secretary of Defense|U.S. Secretary of Defense]] in 1947/1949. This has resulted in various leaders speaking to midshipmen, including U.S. Secretary of State, [[Henry Kissinger]], football coach [[Dick Vermeil]], and [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] Justice [[Antonin Scalia]], and others.<ref>Washington Post, 6 June 2009, page B5, Obit:"Commander of First Vessel to Surface at North Pole"</ref>

In 1972, [[Lieutenant commander (United States)|Lieutenant Commander]] Georgia Clark became the first female officer instructor, and Dr. Rae Jean Goodman was appointed to the faculty as the first civilian woman. Later in 1972, a decision of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia]] terminated compulsory chapel attendance, a tradition which had been in effect since 1853.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dc.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.19700731_0000050.DDC.htm/qx |title=Anderson v. Laird |publisher=Dc.findacase.com |date=31 July 1970 |access-date=8 May 2011 |archive-date=14 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814092331/http://dc.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.19700731_0000050.DDC.htm/qx |url-status=live }}</ref> In September 1973, the new expansive library facility complex was completed and named for [[Fleet admiral (United States)|Fleet Admiral]] [[Chester W. Nimitz]], Class of 1905.

<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Womenatacademy.jpg|thumb|Women on induction day 1976]] -->
On 8 August 1975, Congress authorized women to attend service academies. The Class of 1980 was inducted with 81 female midshipmen. In 1980, the academy included "[[Hispanic]]/Latino" as a racial category for demographic purposes; four women identified themselves as Hispanic in the class of 1981, and these women become the first Hispanic women to graduate from the academy: Carmel Gilliland (who had the highest class rank), Lilia Ramirez (who retired with the rank of [[Commander (United States)|commander]]), Ina Marie Gomez, and Trinora Pinto.<ref>Capt. Gottschalk from the USNA Institutional Research office. Retrieved 31 May 2007</ref> In 1979, the traditional "June Week" was renamed "Commissioning Week" because graduation had been moved earlier to May.<ref name="auto1"/>

In 1980, Elizabeth Anne Belzer (later Rowe) became the first woman graduate, and [[Janie L. Mines]] became the first African-American woman graduate.<ref name="Gates 2011">{{cite book|last1=Gates|first1=Henry Louis|title=Life upon these shores : looking at African American history, 1513–2008|date=2011|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|location=New York|isbn=978-0307593429|edition=1st|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeuponthesesho00gate}}</ref> On 23 May 1984, Kristine Holderied became the first woman to graduate at the head of the class. In addition, the Class of 1984 included the first naturalized Korean-American graduates, all choosing commissions in the U.S. Navy. The four Korean-American ensigns were Walter Lee, Thomas Kymn, Andrew Kim, and Se-Hun Oh.

In 1982, Isherwood, Griffin, and Melville Halls were demolished.<ref name="usna.edu"/>

On 30 July 1987, the [[Computing Sciences Accreditation Board]] (CSAB) granted accreditation for the Computer Science program.<ref name="auto1"/> In 1991, Midshipman Juliane Gallina, class of 1992, became the first woman brigade commander. On 29 January 1994, the first genderless service assignment was held. All billets were opened equally to men and women with the exception of special warfare and submarine duty.

[[File:US Navy 110527-N-OA833-014 Newly commissioned Navy and Marine Corps officers toss their hats during the U.S. Naval Academy Class of 2011 graduation.jpg|thumb|Naval Academy Midshipmen celebrate after graduation.]]
On 12 March 1995, Lieutenant Commander [[Wendy B. Lawrence]], Class of 1981, became a mission specialist in the space shuttle Endeavour. She is the first woman USNA graduate to fly in space.

To celebrate the 150th Anniversary of the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis (1845–1995), the [[United States Postal Service|U.S. Postal Service]] printed a commemorative postage stamp; the First Day of Issue was 10 October 1995.

[[Freedom 7]], America's first space capsule shot into sub-orbit in 1961, was placed on display at the visitor center as the centerpiece of the "Grads in Space" exhibit on 23 September 1998. The late Rear Admiral [[Alan Shepard]], Class of 1945, had flown Mercury program capsule "Freedom 7" {{convert|116.5|mi|km|1}} into space on 5 May 1961. His historic flight marked America's first step in the [[space race]].<ref name="auto1"/>

On 11 September 2001, the academy lost 14 alumni in the [[September 11 attacks]] on the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] in [[New York City]] and [[The Pentagon]] in [[Arlington County, Virginia]]. The academy and its bounds was placed under unprecedented high security.<ref name="auto1"/>

In August 2007, Superintendent Vice Admiral Jeffrey Fowler changed academy policy to limit liberty, required more squad interaction to emphasize that "we are a nation at war."<ref name=WP20070817>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/17/AR2007081702146.html?nav=hcmodule|title=Naval Academy Sets Tough Wartime Rules|author=Vogel, Steve|page=B01|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=17 August 2007|access-date=4 December 2018|archive-date=9 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709232226/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/17/AR2007081702146.html?nav=hcmodule|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 3 November 2007, the Navy football team defeated long-time rival [[University of Notre Dame|Notre Dame]] for the first time in 43 years: 46–44 in triple overtime. The two teams have met every year since 1926 and continue a rivalry that became amicable when Notre Dame volunteered to open its facilities for training of naval officers in [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://media.www.ndsmcobserver.com/media/storage/paper660/news/2005/11/11/Viewpoint/Notre.DameNavy.More.Than.Football.Tradition-1054142.shtml |title=Notre Dame-Navy: More than football tradition |publisher=Media.www.ndsmcobserver.com |access-date=10 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090723184200/http://media.www.ndsmcobserver.com/media/storage/paper660/news/2005/11/11/Viewpoint/Notre.DameNavy.More.Than.Football.Tradition-1054142.shtml |archive-date=23 July 2009}}</ref> Notre Dame's enrollment fell to just 250 students during World War II however the Navy was credited with saving the university by using its campus to train 12,000 men to become officers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://und.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/111105aaf.html |title=College Football Tradition |publisher=University of Notre Dame Official Athletic Site |date=11 November 2005 |access-date=2 October 2008 |archive-date=18 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718120550/http://und.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/111105aaf.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In November 2007, Memorial Hall was the venue for a 50-nation [[Annapolis Conference]] on a Palestinian-Israeli peace process discussion.

In 2017, hospital functions were moved across the Severn.<ref name=shipmarch/>

In 2019 the USNA team represented the US in the King's Cup at the [[Henley Royal Regatta]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kingscup.org/|title=The King's Cup|website=The King's Cup|access-date=6 September 2022|archive-date=5 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905112126/https://www.kingscup.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> The race commemorated the centenary of the 1919 Royal Henley Peace Regatta, and included the original WWI allies Australia, Canada, France, New Zealand, the UK and the US, joined in 2019 by Germany and the Netherlands. After exciting eliminations, the USNA mixed crew won the final race beating the strong German team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejSPmPAXxcM|title=Official YouTube video of the final race|website=[[YouTube]]|date=7 July 2019 |access-date=8 September 2022|archive-date=8 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908034513/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejSPmPAXxcM&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2024, the USNA rescinded the invitation it had given Ruth Ben-Ghiat, a scholar of authoritarianism and fascist movements, to deliver the annual Bancroft Lecture in response to pressure from right-wing politicians. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Hutzell |first=Rick |date=2024-10-22 |title=Project 2025 has a plan for the Naval Academy. You should worry. |url=https://www.thebaltimorebanner.com/opinion/column/project-2025-naval-academy-ruth-ben-ghiat-heritage-foundation-UQM4A4CHTRH3FGHRO464YY7TJA/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=The Baltimore Banner |language=en}}</ref>  Ben-Ghiat's planned lecture was strictly nonpartisan and historical in nature.<ref name=":1" />

==Training ships==
{| class="Wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="height:70px; width:100%; text-align:left; border:0; margin-top:0.2em;"
|-
! style="background:#e0ffff;"| Academy training ships, 1850–1957
|-
|
* {{USS|Preble|1839}} 1850–1856. Placed [[in ordinary]], guns, mast, sails, rigging were removed.
* {{USS|Santee|1855}} 1862–1912
* {{USS|Constitution}} 1863-1863
* {{USS|Savannah|1842}} 1862–1870
* {{USS|Plymouth|1844}} 1855–1856 and 1859–1860
* {{USS|Phlox}} 1865–1873. Steamer
* {{USS|Dale|1839}} 1867–1884<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tracylawsonbooks.com/sailing-vessel-of-war-the-career-of-the-uss-dale-2/|title=Sailing Vessel of War: The Career of the USS Dale – Tracy Lawson Author|date=5 May 2013|website=tracylawsonbooks.com|access-date=4 December 2018|archive-date=28 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828170149/https://www.tracylawsonbooks.com/sailing-vessel-of-war-the-career-of-the-uss-dale-2/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{USS|Constellation|1854}} 1893–1894. Stationary. At Norfolk, Virginia
* {{USS|Bancroft|1892}} – 1893–1896. The first ship to be specifically designed for training. The academy roster outgrew the ship and it was retired.
* {{USS|Monongahela|1862}} 1894–1899
* {{USS|Hartford|1858}} 1899–1912
* USS ''Chesapeake'' 1900–1906. Renamed {{USS|Severn|1898}} in 1905.
* {{USS|Reina Mercedes}} 1912–1957
|}

==Rank structure==
{{more citations needed|section|date=October 2019}}
The student body is known as the Brigade of Midshipmen. Students attending the U.S. Naval Academy are appointed to the rank of [[Midshipman#United States Naval and Merchant Marine Academies|midshipman]] and serve on active duty in that rank. "Naval Academy midshipmen are classified as officers of the line but are officers only in a qualified sense. They rank just below chief warrant officers."<ref name="Bracklin">{{cite book |author=Brackin, William L. |title=Naval Orientation (NAVEDTRA 12966) |publisher=United States Navy Naval Education and Training Command |year=1991 |page=9‑9 <!-- page 9 of chapter 9 --> |url=https://archive.org/stream/navalo91brak#page/n183/mode/2up}}</ref><ref name="MidshipmanRank">{{cite web|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/uniform_insignia.htm |title=Insignias – Midshipman |publisher=Naval History & Heritage Command |access-date=14 December 2016|url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20100409094933/http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/uniform_insignia.htm |archive-date=9 April 2010 }}</ref>

Legally, midshipmen are a special grade of officer that ranks above the most senior enlisted grades (E-9) and below the lowest grade of [[Warrant Officer (United States)#chief warrant officer|chief warrant officer]] (W-2) in the Navy and Coast Guard (the Navy and Coast Guard discontinued the rank of warrant officer, WO-1, in 1975). Additionally, midshipmen rank below warrant officer (W-1) in the Marine Corps<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://doni.documentservices.dla.mil/US%20Navy%20Regulations/Chapter%2010%20-%20Precedence,%20Authority%20and%20Command.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F%5Flayouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform%2Easpx%3FList%3D1070268d%2D94df%2D4f0e%2Db69a%2D44b7748dfaaa%26View%3Dbb2a5aed%2Dcd92%2D4b26%2D8ae9%2D52cf7160c004%26ID%3D25%26CurrentPage%3D1 |title=U.S. Navy Regulations, Chapter 10: Precedence, Authority and Command, Section 1. Precedence, 1001. Officers of the Naval Service; 1002. Precedence of Officers; 1003. Relative Rank and Precedence of Officers of Different Services; Section 2. Authority, 1037. Authority of Warrant Officers, et al.; and Section 4. Succession to Command, 1085. Succession to Command by Chief Warrant Officers and Warrant Officers |access-date=4 December 2018 |archive-date=21 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221025627/https://doni.documentservices.dla.mil/US%20Navy%20Regulations/Chapter%2010%20-%20Precedence,%20Authority%20and%20Command.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F%5Flayouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform%2Easpx%3FList%3D1070268d%2D94df%2D4f0e%2Db69a%2D44b7748dfaaa%26View%3Dbb2a5aed%2Dcd92%2D4b26%2D8ae9%2D52cf7160c004%26ID%3D25%26CurrentPage%3D1 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the Army,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sill-www.army.mil/sharp/_docs/documentation/AR%20600_20.pdf |title=Army Regulation 600-20 Personnel-General: Army Command Policy, Chapter 1: Introduction, Table 1–2 Comparable grades among the Services, p. 5. |access-date=4 December 2018 |archive-date=27 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827145019/http://sill-www.army.mil/sharp/_docs/documentation/AR%20600_20.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> and below second lieutenant (O-1) in the Air Force (the Air Force ceased appointing warrant officers in 1959 and the last USAF WO died in 2008).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.warrantofficerhistory.org//WO_Prog_Other_Svc.htm|title=Warrant Officer Programs of Other Services - WO Historical Foundation|website=www.warrantofficerhistory.org|access-date=12 April 2023|archive-date=31 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131001650/https://warrantofficerhistory.org/WO_Prog_Other_Svc.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Midshipmen are classified not as [[freshman|freshmen]], [[Second year|sophomore]]s, [[Junior (education year)#College|juniors]], and [[senior (education)#College|seniors]], but as fourth class, third class, second class, and first class, respectively.

A member of the entering class—the fourth class, the lowest rank of midshipmen—is also known as a "plebe" (plural ''plebes''). Because the first year at the academy is one of transformation from a civilian into a military officer, plebes must conform to a number of rules and regulations not placed on their seniors—the upper three classes of midshipmen—and have additional tasks and responsibilities that disappear upon promotion to midshipman third class.

Third class midshipmen have been assimilated into the brigade and are treated with more respect because they are upperclassmen. They are commonly called "youngsters." Because of their new stature and rank, the youngsters are allowed such privileges as watching television, listening to music, watching movies, and napping.

Second class midshipmen are charged with training plebes. They report directly to the first class, and issue orders as necessary to carry out their responsibilities. Second class midshipmen are allowed to drive their own cars (but may not park them on campus) and are allowed to enter or exit the Yard (campus) in civilian attire (weekends only).

First class midshipmen (nicknamed "firsties") have more freedoms and liberty in the brigade. While they must participate in mandatory sports and military activities and maintain academic standards, they are also charged with the leadership of the brigade. Firsties are allowed to park their cars on campus and have greater leave and liberty privileges than any other class.<ref name=GenInfo>{{cite web|access-date=9 January 2008 |url=http://www.usna.edu/geninfo.htm |title=General Information of Midshipmen |publisher=U.S. Naval Academy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224175703/http://www.usna.edu/geninfo.htm |archive-date=24 December 2007 }}</ref>

The brigade is divided into two regiments of three [[battalion]]s each. Six companies make up each battalion, for a total of 36 companies. The midshipman command structure is headed by a first class midshipman known as the brigade commander, chosen for outstanding leadership performance. The brigade commander is responsible for much of the brigade's day-to-day activities as well as the professional training of midshipmen. Overseeing all brigade activities is the commandant of midshipmen, an active-duty [[Captain (United States O-6)#U.S. Navy|Navy captain]] or [[Colonel (United States)|Marine Corps colonel]]. Working for the commandant, experienced Navy and Marine Corps officers are assigned as company and battalion officers.<ref name=Organization>{{cite web|access-date=22 December 2008|url=http://www.usna.edu/Admissions/faq.htm#brigade|title=Brigade of Midshipmen|publisher=U.S. Naval Academy|archive-date=19 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219000609/http://www.usna.edu/Admissions/faq.htm#brigade|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Insignia===
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; text-align:center;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Rank group !! colspan=3| Senior officers !! colspan=3| Junior officers	
|-
| rowspan=2| <ref name="uniform">{{cite web|publisher=Navy Personnel Command|work=United States Navy Uniform Regulations (NAVPERS 15665I)|title=Officer Accession Programs (Article 6101.1)|date=March 2014|access-date=13 November 2015|url=http://www.public.navy.mil/bupers-npc/support/uniforms/uniformregulations/chapter6/Pages/6101.aspx|archive-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117021208/http://www.public.navy.mil/bupers-npc/support/uniforms/uniformregulations/chapter6/Pages/6101.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| [[File:US Navy MIDN CAPT shoulderboard.svg|50px]]
| [[File:US Navy MIDN CDR shoulderboard.svg|50px]]
| [[File:US Navy MIDN LCDR shoulderboard.svg|50px]]
| [[File:US Navy MIDN LT shoulderboard.svg|50px]]
| [[File:US Navy MIDN LTJG shoulderboard.svg|50px]]
| [[File:US Navy MIDN ENS shoulderboard.svg|50px]]
|-
| Midshipman captain
| Midshipman commander
| Midshipman lieutenant commander
| Midshipman lieutenant
| Midshipman lieutenant (junior grade)
| Midshipman ensign
|}

{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; text-align:center;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Rank group !! colspan=4| 
|-
| rowspan=2| <ref name="uniform" />
| [[File:US Navy MIDN 1C shoulderboard.svg|50px]]
| [[File:US Navy MIDN 2C shoulderboard.svg|50px]]
| [[File:US Navy MIDN 3C shoulderboard.svg|50px]]
| [[File:US Navy MIDN 4C shoulderboard.svg|50px]]
|-
| Midshipman first class
| Midshipman second class
| Midshipman third class
| Midshipman fourth class
|}

==Uniforms==

{{See also|Midshipman#United States Navy and Marine Corps|Uniforms of the United States Navy|Uniforms of the United States Marine Corps#Wear by Navy personnel}}
Midshipmen at the academy wear service dress uniforms similar to those of U.S. Navy officers, with shoulder-board and/or sleeve insignia varying by school year or midshipman officer rank.<ref>{{cite act
| type = Regulations 
| legislature= Commandant of Midshipmen, U. S. Naval Academy
| index = COMDTMIDNINST 1020.3C
| date = 30 April 2018
| title = Midshipmen Uniform Regulations
| url = https://www.usna.edu/Commandant/Directives/Instructions/1000-1999/COMDTMIDNINST-1020.3C_MIDSHIPMEN-UNIFORM-REGULATIONS.pdf
| language = EN
}}</ref> All wear gold anchor insignia on both lapel collars of the service dress blue jacket. Shoulder boards, worn on summer white, service/full dress white, and dinner dress white uniforms as well as a "soft shoulder board" version on the white, button-up shirt of the service/full dress blue uniform have a gold anchor and a number of slanted stripes indicating year, except for midshipman first class whose have a single, horizontal stripe and midshipman officers (also first class), whose shoulder boards have a small gold star in place of the anchor and have 1 through 6 horizontal stripes indicating their position.

On the winter and summer working uniform shirt collar, a [[freshman]] (Midshipman Fourth Class or "plebe") wears no collar insignia, a [[wikt:sophomore|sophomore]] (Midshipman Third Class or "Youngster") wears a single fouled anchor on the right collar point, a Junior (Midshipman Second Class) fouled anchors on each collar point, and a Senior (Midshipman First Class or "Firstie") wears fouled anchors with perched eagles. First class midshipmen in officer billets replace those devices with their respective midshipman officer collar insignia. Midshipman officer collar insignia are a series of gold bars, from the rank of Midshipman [[Ensign (rank)|Ensign]] (one bar or stripe) to Midshipman [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] (six bars or stripes) in the Brigade of Midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy.

Depending on the season, midshipmen wear Summer Whites or Service Dress Blues as their dress uniform, and working blues as their daily class uniform. In 2008, the first class midshipmen wore the service khaki as the daily uniform, but this option was repealed following the graduation of the class of 2011. First class midshipmen may wear their service selection uniform on second semester "Warrior" Wednesdays (i.e., naval aviator and naval flight officer selectees wear flight suits; submarine and surface warfare selectees wear coveralls or [[Navy Working Uniform]]s with their new command ballcaps; Marine Corps selectees wear [[MARPAT]] camouflage utilities). A unique uniform consisting of a Navy blue double-breasted jacket with brass buttons and high collar, blue or white high-rise trousers (white worn during Graduation Week), and duty belt with silver NA buckle, is worn for formal parades during spring and autumn parade seasons.

During commissioning week (formerly known as "June week"), the uniform is summer whites.

==Campus==
[[File:US Naval Academy campus.jpg|thumb|U.S. Naval Academy campus]]
[[File:Marching Plebes USNA.jpg|thumb|[[Plebes#Use in education|Plebes]] (first year students) marching in front of Bancroft Hall]]
[[File:Naval Academy chapel.jpg|thumb|Interior of the Naval Academy chapel]]
[[File:LejuneHall.jpg|thumb|The pool in the Lejeune Hall]]
The campus (or "Yard") has grown from a {{convert|40000|m2|acre}} Army post named [[Fort Severn]] in 1845 to a {{convert|1.37|km2|acre}} campus in the 21st century. By comparison, the [[United States Air Force Academy]] is {{convert|73|km2|acre}} and [[United States Military Academy]] is {{convert|65|km2|acre}}.

===Halls and principal buildings===
* [[Bancroft Hall]] is the largest building at the Naval Academy and the largest college dormitory in the world.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2003/05/16/academy-marks-completion-of-bancroft-hall-renovation/|title=Academy marks completion of Bancroft Hall renovation|work=The Baltimore Sun|date=16 May 2003|access-date=4 December 2018|archive-date=14 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114235858/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2003-05-16/news/0305160318_1_bancroft-hall-renovation-academy|url-status=live}}</ref> It houses all midshipmen. Open to the public are Memorial Hall, a midshipman-maintained memorial to graduates who have died during military operations, and the Rotunda, the ceremonial entrance to Bancroft Hall. The [[Commander in Chief's Trophy|Commander-in-Chief's Trophy]] resides in the Rotunda while Navy is in possession of it.<ref name=AnnapolisMD_areainfo>{{cite web |url=http://www.azinet.com/annaarea.html |title=Annapolis Maryland Area Information |publisher=Azinet LLC |access-date=2 February 2007 |archive-date=2 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202092920/http://www.azinet.com/annaarea.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=AmericanHighway>{{cite web|url=http://www.knls.org/English/trascripts/hiway002.htm |work=KNLS American Highway |title=The U.S. Naval Academy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610191405/http://www.knls.org/English/trascripts/hiway002.htm |archive-date=10 June 2008 }}</ref> It was named for the academy's founder, Secretary of the Navy [[George Bancroft]], and designed by [[Ernest Flagg]].
* The [[Naval Academy Chapel]], at the center of the campus, across from Herndon Monument, has a high dome that is visible throughout Annapolis.<ref name=USNA_ChaplainCenter>{{cite web |url=http://www.usna.edu/Chaplains/ |title=U.S. Naval Academy Chaplain Center |publisher=U.S. Naval Academy |access-date=23 October 2005 |archive-date=4 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904223841/http://www.usna.edu/Chaplains/orgs.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Designed by Ernest Flagg. The chapel was featured on the U.S. Postal Service postage stamp honoring the academy's 150th anniversary in 1995.<ref name=USNAstamp>{{cite web|url=http://www.usna.edu/VirtualTour/150years/stamp.htm |title=Postal Service Honors Naval Academy with a 150 Year Anniversary Commemorative Stamp |work=A Brief History of the United States Naval Academy |publisher=U.S. Naval Academy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230232946/http://www.usna.edu/VirtualTour/150years/stamp.htm |archive-date=30 December 2006 }}</ref> [[John Paul Jones]] lies in the crypt beneath the chapel.
* [[Commodore Uriah P. Levy Center and Jewish Chapel]],<ref name=LevyCenter>{{cite web |url=http://www.usna.edu/PAO/Levy_Center/vpk.htm |title=Press Kit: Uriah P. Levy Center Dedication Ceremony 18 September 2005 |publisher=U.S. Naval Academy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220005859/http://www.usna.edu/PAO/Levy_Center/vpk.htm |archive-date=20 February 2007 }}</ref> primarily funded with private donations, was dedicated on 23 September 2005. The chapel was named for Commodore [[Uriah P. Levy]] and houses a Jewish chapel, the honor board, ethics,{{clarify|date=December 2013}} character learning center, officer development spaces, a social director, and academic boards. Built featuring [[Jerusalem stone]], the architecture of the exterior is consistent with nearby Bancroft Hall.
* [[Alumni Hall (Navy)|Alumni Hall]] is the primary assembly hall for the Brigade of Midshipmen and has two dining facilities. It hosts various sporting events (including the men's and women's intercollegiate basketball games) and is used by alumni for reunions. The Bob Hope Performing Arts Center is located there.
* [[Halsey Field House]] contains an indoor track, squash and tennis courts, five basketball courts, a 65 [[tatami]] [[dojo]] for [[Aikido]]/[[Judo]], a climbing wall, and assorted athletic and workout facilities and offices.<ref>[http://www.usna.edu/usnaathletics/halsey.htm Halsey Field House]. USNA Athletics website. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809060805/http://www.usna.edu/usnaathletics/halsey.htm |date=9 August 2013 }}</ref> Before construction of Alumni Hall, it was used by Navy basketball teams and was the site of midshipman assemblies. It was named for [[William F. Halsey, Jr.]]
* [[Hubbard Hall (Annapolis, Maryland)|Hubbard Hall]], used by the crew team, is a three-story building on Dorsey Creek, {{convert|250|yd}} from the Severn River.<ref name=MidshipmenFacilities>See [[Navy Midshipmen#Facilities]].</ref> Also known as the [[Boathouse|Boat House]], it was renovated in 1993 and now includes the Fisher Rowing Center. It was named for Rear Admiral [[John Hubbard (admiral)|John Hubbard]] (Class of 1870).<ref name=MidshipmenFacilities/><ref>[http://www.usna.edu/usnaathletics/hubbardhall.htm Hubbard Hall]. US Naval Academy. Retrieved 28 May 2010. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809060834/http://www.usna.edu/usnaathletics/hubbardhall.htm |date=9 August 2013 }}</ref>
* [[Lejeune Hall]], built in 1982, contains an Olympic-class swimming pool and diving tower, a mat room for wrestling and hand-to-hand martial arts, and the [[United States Naval Academy Athletic Hall of Fame|Athletic Hall of Fame]]. Named for [[John A. Lejeune]], it is the first USNA building to be named for a Marine Corps officer.<ref>[http://www.navysports.com/facilities/lejeune.html Facilities: Lejeune Hall] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100912205450/http://www.navysports.com/facilities/lejeune.html |date=12 September 2010 }}. Naval Academy Varsity Athletics official website. Retrieved 8 January 2011.</ref><ref>Also in [[Lejeune Hall]] are two [[Heisman Trophy|Heisman Trophies]] – won by Joseph Bellino in 1960 and [[Roger Staubach]] in 1963 – and the Eastman Award won by basketball-star [[David Robinson (basketball)|David Robinson]] in 1987. {{cite news |last=Bailey |first=Steve |title=In Annapolis, Md., the Past Is Always at Hand |work=The New York Times |date=22 August 2008 |url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2008/08/22/travel/escapes/22american.html?pagewanted=print |access-date=18 March 2010 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412052258/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/22/travel/escapes/22american.html?pagewanted=print |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Wesley Brown Field House]] houses physical education, varsity sports, intramural athletics, club sports, and personal-fitness programs and equipment. The cross country and track and field teams, the sprint football team, the [[women's lacrosse]] team, and sixteen club sports all use this building. It has a full-length, retractable football field. When the field is retracted, you can then use the 200-meter track (with hydraulically controlled banked curves) and three permanent basketball courts. It also has eight locker rooms and a medical facility. It was named for [[Wesley A. Brown]], Class of 1949, who was the academy's first African American graduate.

===Monuments and memorials===
{{See also|United States Navy Memorial #Other Navy memorials}}
* [[Gokoku-ji (Okinawa)|Gokoku-ji Bell]]. A copy of the original bell which was brought back to the United States in 1855 by Commodore [[Matthew C. Perry|Matthew Perry]] following his [[History of Japan#End of seclusion|mission]] to Japan. The bell is placed in front of [[Bancroft Hall]] and rung in a semi-annual ceremony for each victory that Navy has registered over Army, to include one of the nation's oldest football rivalries, the [[Army–Navy Game]]. The current bell is an exact replica of the original, which the United States Navy returned to the people of Okinawa in 1987.<ref>Honan, William. "[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE1DE173FF935A35757C0A967958260&sec=&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink A 1465 Bell, War Booty, To Go Back To Okinawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412052302/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/06/arts/a-1465-bell-war-booty-to-go-back-to-okinawa.html?sec=&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |date=12 April 2023 }}." ''New York Times''. 6 April 1991. Accessed 22 July 2008.</ref>
* Enterprise Bell. Originally serving on the [[USS Enterprise (CV-6)|USS ''Enterprise'' (CV-6)]], the ship’s bell was brought to the academy in 1950. It is sounded after most games when Navy wins over Army in any one of the three sports seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=When the Japanese Bell at the U.S. Naval Academy May Be Rung {{!}} National Bell Festival |url=https://www.bells.org/blog/when-japanese-bell-us-naval-academy-may-be-rung |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=www.bells.org}}</ref>
* [[Tamanend (sculpture)|USS Delaware figurehead]]. This is a bronze replica of the original figurehead of ship-of-the-line {{USS|Delaware|1820|6}}. It was presented to the academy by the Class of 1891. This replica, one of the most famous monuments on campus, was commonly known as [[Tecumseh]]. However, when it adorned the American man-of-war, it commemorated [[Tamanend]], the revered Delaware chief who welcomed William Penn to America, not Tecumseh. In times past, the bronze replica was considered a good-luck "mascot" for the midshipmen, who threw pennies at the quiver and offered left-handed salutes whenever they needed good luck, such as a sports win over West Point and spiritual help for examinations. It is also referred to as the God of 2.0 because 2.0 is the minimum passing GPA at USNA, and the mids offer pennies to help achieve this. It was used as a morale booster during football weeks and on special occasions when the face was painted using themes like super heroes, action heroes, humorous figures, a leprechaun (before Saint Patrick's Day), and a naval officer during Commissioning Week.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usna.edu/CommissioningWeek|title=USNA/Commissioning Week|publisher=usna.edu|date=26 January 2023|access-date=16 February 2023|archive-date=16 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216211841/https://www.usna.edu/CommissioningWeek/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Battle ensign]]s. Famous flags of the U.S. Navy and captured flags from enemy ships are displayed throughout the academy. The most famous, perhaps, is the "Don't Give Up the Ship" flag flown by Commodore [[Oliver Hazard Perry]] at the [[Battle of Lake Erie]] on 10 September 1813; it bears the dying words of Captain [[James Lawrence]], captain of the {{USS|Chesapeake|1799|6}}. It was displayed in Memorial Hall, which is in the portion of [[Bancroft Hall]] open to the general public until 2004. It underwent conservation and is now on display in the [[U.S. Naval Academy Museum|Museum in Preble Hall]]. The only British royal standard taken by capture{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} was displayed in Mahan Hall. It was taken at Toronto (then [[Fort York#The War of 1812 and after|York]]) in the War of 1812.
* [[Herndon Monument]]. The Monument was commissioned by the officers of the U.S. Navy as a tribute to Commander [[William Lewis Herndon]] (1813–1857) after his loss in the Pacific Mail Steamer [[SS Central America|''Central America'']] during a hurricane off the North Carolina coast on 12 September 1857. Herndon had followed a longtime [[Custom of the Sea|custom of the sea]]{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}} that a ship's captain is the last person to depart his ship in peril. It was erected in its current location on 16 June 1860 and has never been moved, even though the academy was completely rebuilt between 1899 and 1908.
* Memorial Hall. A memorial to graduates in Bancroft Hall who died during military operations. It includes an honor roll, scrolls, and plaques. In the aftermath of the 1967 [[USS Liberty incident|USS ''Liberty'' incident]], the Navy balked at listing 2 ''Liberty'' crew members on their memorial wall. The crew members in question were Lieutenant Commander Philip Armstrong Jr. and Lieutenant Stephen Toth. It took [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] Admiral [[Thomas H. Moorer]]’s personal intervention to reverse their decision. Moorer angrily commented on the Academy's attempt to omit the names: “I intervened and was able to reverse the apparent idea that dying in a cowardly, one-sided attack by a supposed ally is somehow not the same as being killed by an avowed enemy.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.la.utexas.edu/users/chenry/usme/moorer.html|title=Thomas Moorer Letter of June 8, 1997|website=www.la.utexas.edu|access-date=21 March 2023|archive-date=12 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612190411/http://www.la.utexas.edu/users/chenry/usme/moorer.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Pearl Harbor Memorial. At [[Alumni Hall (Navy)#Building features|Alumni Hall]], a wall is reserved by the [[Pearl Harbor Survivors Association]] to commemorate those who were killed during the attack on Pearl Harbor.
* [[Tripoli Monument (sculpture)|Tripoli Monument]]. This is the oldest military monument in the U.S. and honors the US servicemen of the [[First Barbary War]]: Master Commandant [[Richard Somers]], Lieutenant James Caldwell, James Decatur (brother of [[Stephen Decatur]]), John Dorsey, [[Joseph Israel]], and Henry Wadsworth. Originally known as the Naval Monument, it was carved of [[Carrara marble]] in Italy in 1806 and brought to the U.S. as [[Sailing ballast|ballast]] on board the {{USS|Constitution||6}} ("Old Ironsides"). From its original location in the [[Washington Navy Yard]], it was moved to the west terrace of the national Capitol and finally, in 1860, to the Naval Academy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tripoli Monument at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland|author=Giovanni C Micali|publisher=dcmemorials.com|url=http://www.dcmemorials.com/index_indiv0003204.htm|access-date=26 October 2011|archive-date=26 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426071309/http://www.dcmemorials.com/index_indiv0003204.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* USS ''Samuel B. Roberts'' memorial. In [[Alumni Hall (Navy)#Building features|Alumni Hall]], a concourse is dedicated to Lieutenant Lloyd Garnett and his shipmates aboard {{USS|Samuel B. Roberts|DE-413|6}}, who earned their ship the reputation as the "destroyer escort that fought like a battleship" in the [[Battle of Leyte Gulf]] during World War II.
[[File:Appletons' Shubrick, John Templar - Midshipmen's Monument.jpg|thumb|upright|Mexican War Monument to Midshipmen Shubrick, Clemson, Hynson, and Pillsbury]]
* The [[Mexican War Midshipmen's Monument]]. Located at the intersection of [[Cornelius Stribling|Stribling]] Walk (16,000 bricks) and Chapel Walk, it is in memory of one midshipman (Shubrick) who lost his life in the [[siege of Veracruz]] in 1847, and three midshipmen (Clemson, Hynson, Pillsbury) who lost their lives when the [[brig]] {{USS|Somers|1842|2}} sank in 1846.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mexican War Midshipmen's Monument|url=http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=G1I98048Q3397.39158&menu=search&aspect=Keyword&npp=50&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=ariall&ri=&term=&index=.GW&aspect=Keyword&term=&index=.AW&term=&index=.TW&term=&index=.SW&term=&index=.FW&term=&index=.OW&term=75005833&index=.NW&x=9&y=10#focus|publisher=Smithsonian American Art Museum|access-date=5 May 2014|archive-date=5 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505212935/http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=G1I98048Q3397.39158&menu=search&aspect=Keyword&npp=50&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=ariall&ri=&term=&index=.GW&aspect=Keyword&term=&index=.AW&term=&index=.TW&term=&index=.SW&term=&index=.FW&term=&index=.OW&term=75005833&index=.NW&x=9&y=10#focus|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The [[Macedonian Monument]]. At the end of Stribling Walk opposite Mahan Hall is the figurehead of {{HMS|Macedonian}}. ''Macedonian'' was defeated in [[USS United States vs HMS Macedonian|battle]] by the [[frigate]] {{USS|United States|1797|2}} 25 October 1812.
* The [[Saitö Monument.]] At the west entrance of Luce Hall is a Japanese granite pagoda erected in memory of [[Hiroshi Saito (diplomat)|Hiroshi Saitö]], Japanese Ambassador to the United States from 1934-1939. Ambassador Saitö was admired in Washington for his efforts to maintain US-Japan diplomatic relations as tension built between the two nations over the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1938-10-17 |title=JAPAN: Trotter for Carp |language=en-US |magazine=Time |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,848310,00.html |access-date=2023-06-20 |issn=0040-781X}}</ref> The monument was presented by the Saitö family in gratitude for, "the courtesy extended by [the] institution at the time of the [Saitö's] departure," on the cruiser ''[[USS Astoria (CA-34)|Astoria]].''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Minakowski |first=Adam |title=Research Guides: Special Collections & Archives: SC&A Blog |url=https://libguides.usna.edu/c.php?g=472716&p=6628899&t=115538 |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=libguides.usna.edu |language=en}}</ref> The monument was erected in June 1941, less than 6 months before the opening of hostilities between the two countries.<ref name=":0" />

===Brigade sports complex===
The complex includes [[McMullen Hockey Arena]] where the men's ice-hockey team is located; rugby venues, an indoor hitting, chipping and putting facility for the golf team, and the Tose Family Tennis Center – including the Fluegel-Moore Tennis Stadium.<ref name=MidshipmenFacilities/>

===Cemetery and columbarium===
{{Main|United States Naval Academy Cemetery}}

===Glenn Warner Soccer Facility===
{{Main|Glenn Warner Soccer Facility}}

===Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium===
{{Main|Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium}}

===Terwilliger Brothers Field===
The academy baseball team plays at the [[Terwilliger Brothers Field at Max Bishop Stadium]].

==Supervision of the Academy==
In 1850, the academy was placed under the jurisdiction of the Navy's [[Bureau of Ordnance|Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography]] but was transferred to the [[Bureau of Navigation (U.S. Navy)|Bureau of Navigation]] when that organization was established in 1862. The academy was placed under the direct care of the [[United States Department of the Navy|Navy Department]] in 1867, but for many years the Bureau of Navigation provided administrative routine and financial management.

{{As of|2004}}, the [[List of Superintendents of the United States Naval Academy|Superintendent of the Naval Academy]] reports directly to the [[Chief of Naval Operations]]. The [[Board of Visitors]] annually audits the academy. Its recommendations constitute a mandate to the administration. It is composed of officials appointed by Congress and the president.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Visitors |website=Office of the Superintendent |url=https://www.usna.edu/PAO/Superintendent/bov.php |publisher=United States Naval Academy |access-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-date=4 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504164110/https://www.usna.edu/PAO/Superintendent/bov.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Annual_register_of_the_United_States_Naval_Academy_%28IA_annualregisterof1011unit%29.pdf |title=Naval Academy visitor board |access-date=June 7, 2015 |archive-date=10 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610141205/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Annual_register_of_the_United_States_Naval_Academy_(IA_annualregisterof1011unit).pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The 2020 recommendations include changing the historic names of buildings named after people who deserted the Union for the Confederacy during the American Civil War.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.navytimes.com/news/your-navy/2020/06/11/naval-academy-board-chair-calls-to-remove-confederate-names-from-buildings/ |title=Naval Academy board chair calls to remove Confederate names from buildings |author1=Brian Witte |date=June 11, 2020 |work=Navy Times |access-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412052341/https://www.navytimes.com/news/your-navy/2020/06/11/naval-academy-board-chair-calls-to-remove-confederate-names-from-buildings/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Faculty==
Roughly 500 faculty members are evenly divided between civilian professors and military instructors. The civilian professors nearly all have a PhD and can be awarded [[tenure]], usually upon promotion from assistant professor to [[associate professor]]. Fewer of the military instructors have a PhD but nearly all have a master's degree. Most of them are assigned to the academy for only two or three years. Additionally, there are [[adjunct professor]]s, hired to fill temporary shortages in various disciplines. The adjunct professors are not eligible for tenure.

===Permanent military professors (PMP)===
A small number of officers at the academy are designated as permanent military professors (PMP), initially at the academic rank of assistant professor. All PMPs have PhDs, and remain at the academy until statutory retirement. Most are commanders in the Navy; a few are captains. Like civilian professors, they seek academic promotion to the rank of associate professor and professor. However, they are not eligible for tenure.

===Class of 1957 Distinguished Chair of Naval Heritage===
The ''Class of 1957 Distinguished Chair of Naval Heritage'' is an academic professorial chair in the history department.<ref>McMullen Seapower Symposium Program for 2013</ref> In order to preserve and promote a better understanding of professional naval heritage in midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy, the academy's Class of 1957 donated the funds to permanently endow this position. It is designed to be a visiting position for a distinguished senior academic historian, who is to hold the post for one or two years. The position was first occupied in 2006 and, in addition to teaching requirements, the occupant is expected to give the McMullen Seapower Lecture at the academy's biennial [[McMullen Naval History Symposium]].

====Chair holders====
* [[Williamson Murray]], January 2006 – June 2007
* [[Andrew Gordon (naval historian)|Andrew Gordon]], August 2007 – June 2009
* [[Ronald H. Spector]], August 2009 – June 2010
* [[John H. Schroeder]], August 2010 – June 2011
* [[Craig Symonds]], August 2011 – June 2012
* [[James C. Bradford]]. August 2012 – June 2013
* Gene Allen Smith, August 2013 – June 2014
* William F. Trimble, August 2014 – June 2015
* [[David Alan Rosenberg]], August 2015 – June 2016
* Nicholas A. Lambert, August 2016 – June 2018
* Kathleen Broome Williams, August 2018 –

===McCain-Fulbright Distinguished Visiting Professor Program===
The program was created by Congress to bring mid-career international academics to USNA to teach classes on subjects pertaining to their regional background. Scholars will also practice outreach to D.C. area think tanks and military higher education institutions around the country.

====Chair holders====
* [[Sebastian Bruns]], August 2021 - May 2022
* [[Sinderpahl Singh]], August 2022 - December 2022.

==Appointment process==
By an Act of Congress passed in 1903, two midshipman appointments were allowed for each [[United States Senate|senator]], [[U.S. House of Representatives|representative]], and [[Delegate (United States Congress)|delegate]] in Congress, two for the [[District of Columbia]], and five each year at large. Currently each member of Congress and the vice president can have five appointees attending the Naval Academy at any time. When any appointee graduates or otherwise leaves the academy, a vacancy is created. Candidates are nominated by their senator, representative, or delegate in Congress, and those appointed at large are nominated by the vice president. The applicants do not have to know their Congressman to be nominated. Congressmen generally nominate ten people per vacancy. They can nominate people in a competitive manner, or they can have a principal nomination. In a competitive nomination, all ten applicants are reviewed by the academy, to see who is the most qualified. If the congressman appoints a principal nominee, then as long as that candidate is physically, medically, and academically found qualified by the academy, he or she will be admitted, even if there are more qualified applicants. The degree of difficulty in obtaining a nomination varies greatly according to the number of applicants in a particular state. The process of obtaining a nomination typically consists of completing an application, completing one or more essays, and obtaining one or more letters of recommendation and often requires an interview either in person or over the phone. These requirements are set by the respective senator or representative and are in addition to the USNA application.<ref name="USNAA apps">{{cite web|url=http://www.usna.edu/Admissions/steps4.htm|title=Apply For Nomination|year=2009|publisher=United States Naval Academy|access-date=8 February 2009|archive-date=18 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218110501/http://usna.edu/Admissions/steps4.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Secretary of the Navy may appoint 170 enlisted members of the Regular and Reserve Navy and Marine Corps to the Naval Academy each year. Additional sources of appointment are open to children of career military personnel (100 per year) and 65 appointments are available to children of military members who were killed in action, or were rendered 100% disabled due to injuries received in action, or are currently prisoners of war or missing in action. Typically five to ten candidates are nominated for each appointment, which are normally awarded competitively; candidates who do not receive the appointment they are competing for may still be admitted to the academy as a qualified alternate. If a candidate is considered qualified but not picked up, they may receive an indirect admission to either a Naval Academy Foundation prep school or the [[Naval Academy Preparatory School]] in [[Newport, Rhode Island|Newport]]; the following year, these candidates enlist in the [[United States Navy Reserve|Navy Reserve]] (or, in the case of prior enlisted members, remain in the Navy) and are eligible for [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]] nominations, which are granted as a matter of course. To receive an appointment to the Naval Academy, students at the Naval Academy Preparatory School must first pass with a 2.2 QPA (a combination of GPA and Fitness Assessments), although this is waiverable. A candidate must also receive a recommendation for appointment from the commanding officer. The appointment process has been criticized as giving preferential treatment towards athletes.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/21/opinion/21fleming.html?pagewanted=1 |title=The Academies' March Toward Mediocrity |date=20 May 2010 |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Bruce |last=Fleming |access-date=4 December 2018 |archive-date=4 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204103738/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/21/opinion/21fleming.html?pagewanted=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Children of [[Medal of Honor]] recipients are automatically appointed to the Naval Academy; they only need to meet admission requirements.<ref name=2005-2005admissions/>

===Admissions requirements===
To be admitted, candidates must be between seventeen and twenty-three years of age upon entrance, unmarried with no children, and of good moral character. The current process includes a college application, personality testing, standardized testing, and personal references. Candidates for admission must also undergo a physical aptitude test (the CFA or Candidate Fitness Assessment [formerly the Physical Readiness Examination]) as well as a complete physical exam including a separate visual acuity test to be eligible for appointment. A medical waiver will automatically be sought on behalf of candidates with less than 20/20 vision, as well as a range of other injuries or illnesses. The physical aptitude test is most often administered by a high school physical education teacher or sports team coach.<ref name=2005-2005admissions>{{cite web|url=http://www.usna.edu/Catalog/2005-2006admissionsbb.pdf |title=Admissions|work=2005–2006 USNA Catalog|publisher=U.S. Naval Academy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614073738/http://www.usna.edu/Catalog/2005-2006admissionsbb.pdf|archive-date=14 June 2007|url-status=live |access-date=9 February 2017}}</ref>

A small number of international students, usually from smaller allied or friendly countries, are admitted into each class. (International students from larger allies, such as France and the United Kingdom, typically come as shorter-term exchange students from their national naval colleges or academies.) The Class of 2025 includes 16 international students from: [[Egypt]] (1), [[Fiji]] (1), [[Ghana]] (1), [[Indonesia]] (2), [[Jordan]] (1), [[Malaysia]] (1), [[Maldives]] (1), [[Peru]] (1), [[Philippines]] (2), [[Sri Lanka]] (1), [[Taiwan]] (1), [[Thailand]] (1), and [[Tunisia]] (2).<ref>{{Cite web |title=USNA Class of 2018 profile |url=http://www.usna.edu/PAO/documents/PlebeProfile_Class_of_2018.pdf |access-date=2015-12-26 |archive-date=27 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227011729/http://www.usna.edu/PAO/documents/PlebeProfile_Class_of_2018.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

Seven second class cadets each from West Point, the Air Force Academy, and the [[United States Coast Guard Academy|Coast Guard Academy]], spend a fall semester at Annapolis. The same applies for midshipmen exchanged out to those academies at the same time. The exchange process is competitive.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.army.mil/article/214553/west_point_cadets_take_part_in_prisoner_exchange_before_army_navy_game |title=West Point cadets take part in 'prisoner exchange' before Army-Navy game |author1=Brandon O'Connor |date=December 6, 2018 |access-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-date=3 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103064857/https://www.army.mil/article/214553/west_point_cadets_take_part_in_prisoner_exchange_before_army_navy_game |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Academics==
<!-- The history needs to show when the Academy began implementing the Rickover recommendations which included separate majors. Up until the 1960s or so everyone took the same course except for language. The languages prior to that maybe should be included also although they were definitely NOT majors. Just taken for the first two years -->
The Naval Academy received accreditation as an approved "technological institution" in 1930. In 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt signed into law an act of Congress providing for the Bachelor of Science degree for the Naval, Military, and Coast Guard Academies. The Class of 1933 was the first to receive this degree and have it written in the diploma. In 1937, an act of Congress extended to the superintendent of the Naval Academy the authority to award the Bachelor of Science degree to all living graduates. The academy later replaced a fixed curriculum taken by all midshipmen with the present core curriculum plus 22 major fields of study.<ref name="USNAA curric">{{cite web|title=Academic Education|year=2009|publisher=United States Naval Academy|url=http://www.usna.edu/Academics/|access-date=1 March 2013|archive-date=2 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102071454/http://www.usna.edu/academics/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Academic departments at the Naval Academy are organized into three divisions: Engineering and Weapons, known as Division I, Mathematics and Science, known as Division II, and Humanities and Social Sciences, known as Division III.

In its 2021 edition, ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' ranked the U.S. Naval Academy as the No. 1 top public school, No. 6 in national liberal arts colleges in the U.S., and No. 5 for Best Undergraduate Engineering program at schools where doctorates not offered.<ref name=USNWR>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/united-states-naval-academy-2101/overall-rankings|title=Colleges Rankings – United States Naval Academy|magazine=U.S. News & World Report|access-date=2021-04-04|archive-date=13 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113212249/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/united-states-naval-academy-2101/overall-rankings|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, ''[[Forbes]]'' ranked the U.S. Naval Academy as No. 24 overall in its report "America's Top Colleges".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/top-colleges/list/#tab:rank |title=America's Top Colleges |work=Forbes |date=5 July 2016 |access-date=17 September 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804145514/http://www.forbes.com/top-colleges/list/#tab:rank |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Moral education===
Moral and ethical development is fundamental to all aspects of the Naval Academy. From Plebe Summer through graduation, the Officer Development Program, a four-year integrated program, focuses on integrity, honor, and mutual respect based on the moral values of respect for human dignity, respect for honesty and respect for the property of others.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.usna.edu/about.htm |title=About USNA |publisher=Usna.edu |date=25 August 2011 |access-date=6 April 2007 |archive-date=29 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329055354/http://www.usna.edu/about.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

One of the goals of the program is to develop midshipmen to possess a sense of their own moral beliefs and the ability to express them. Honor is emphasized through the [[Honor Concept]] of the Brigade of Midshipmen, which states:

{{blockquote|Midshipmen are persons of integrity: They stand for that which is right.

They tell the truth and ensure that the full truth is known. They do not lie.

They embrace fairness in all actions. They ensure that work submitted as their own is their own, and that assistance received from any source is authorized and properly documented. They do not cheat.

They respect the property of others and ensure that others are able to benefit from the use of their own property. They do not steal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Honor Concept |url=http://www.usna.edu/OfficerDevelopment/honor/honorconcept.html |work=Brigade Honor Program website |publisher=United States Naval Academy |location=Annapolis, Maryland |access-date=17 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327232413/http://www.usna.edu/OfficerDevelopment/honor/honorconcept.html |archive-date=27 March 2010 }}</ref>}}

Similar ideals are expressed in the [[Cadet Honor Code|honor codes]] of the other service academies. However, midshipmen are allowed to confront someone they see violating the code without formally reporting it. It is believed that this method is a better way of developing the honor of midshipmen as opposed to the non-toleration clauses of the other service academies and is a better way of building honor and trust.

Brigade Honor Committees composed of upper-class midshipmen are responsible for the education and training of the Honor Concept. Depending on the severity of the offense, midshipmen found in violation of the Honor Concept by their peers can be separated from the Naval Academy.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>

===Naval Academy Foreign Affairs Conference (NAFAC)===
{{Main|Naval Academy Foreign Affairs Conference}}
Since 1961, the academy has hosted the annual Naval Academy Foreign Affairs Conference (NAFAC), the country's largest undergraduate, foreign-affairs conference. NAFAC provides a forum for addressing pressing international concerns and seeks to explore current issues from both a civilian and military perspective.

Each year a unique theme is chosen for NAFAC. Noteworthy individuals with expertise in relevant fields are then invited to address the conference delegates, who represent civilian and military colleges from across the United States and around the globe.

The entire conference is organized and run by midshipmen, who also serve as moderators, presenters, and delegates. The midshipman director is responsible for every aspect of the conference, including the conference theme, and is generally charged with leading a staff of over 250 midshipmen.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usna.edu/NAFAC/ |title=Naval Academy Foreign Affairs Conference |publisher=Usna.edu |access-date=10 October 2011 |archive-date=30 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930104227/http://usna.edu/NAFAC/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Naval Academy Science and Engineering Conference (NASEC)===
The Naval Academy Science and Engineering Conference (NASEC), hosted annually since 2000, is an undergraduate STEM conference. Held in November each year, approximately 45 midshipmen join 150 attendees from other colleges and universities across the country meet and discuss significant science and engineering challenges. The delegates hear from leaders in scientific research and policy from academia, industry, and government, and participate in group discussions on the conference themes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usna.edu/AcResearch/NASEC/|title=NASEC 2016 :: Academic Research :: USNA|website=www.usna.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-02-27|archive-date=4 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204151408/https://www.usna.edu/AcResearch/NASEC/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The conference serves as both a leadership opportunity for the midshipmen staff who organize and run the event, and as a venue to expose midshipmen to cutting-edge science and engineering challenges.

===McMullen Naval History Symposium===
{{Main|McMullen Naval History Symposium}}Since 1973, the Naval Academy has hosted a major international conference for naval historians. In 2006 it was named after [[John McMullen (engineer)|John J. McMullen]], USNA Class of 1940.

===Small Satellite Program===
{{Main|Small Satellite Program (United States Naval Academy)}}
The United States Naval Academy (USNA) Small Satellite Program (SSP)<ref>{{cite web|title=Web Documents |date=2007-02-23 |website=Midstar 2 |url=http://web.ew.usna.edu/~midstar2/ |access-date=2006-04-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082457/http://web.ew.usna.edu/~midstar2/ |archive-date=2 March 2007}}</ref> was founded in 1999 to actively pursue flight opportunities for miniature satellites designed, constructed, tested, and commanded or controlled by midshipmen.

The [[USNA MidSTAR Program]]'s first satellite, [[MidSTAR I (USNA)|MidSTAR I]] was launched 8 March 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.ew.usna.edu/~midstar/ |title=The Midshipman Space Technology Applications Research (MidSTAR) Program |website=web.ew.usna.edu |access-date=2006-04-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060726071609/http://web.ew.usna.edu/~midstar/ |archive-date=26 July 2006}}</ref> The planned MidSTAR II was canceled.

===Postgraduate studies===
Because the majority of graduates commence directly into their military commissions, the Naval Academy offers no graduate degree programs. However, a number of programs allow midshipmen to obtain graduate degrees before fulfilling their service obligation. The Immediate Graduate Education Program (IGEP) allows newly commissioned Ensigns or Second Lieutenants to proceed directly to graduate school and complete a master's degree. The Voluntary Graduate Education Program (VGEP) allows the midshipman to begin their studies the second semester of their senior year at a local university, usually [[University of Maryland]], [[Johns Hopkins University]], [[Georgetown University]], or [[George Washington University]], and complete the degree by the following semester. Midshipmen accepted into prestigious scholarships, such as the [[Rhodes Scholarship]] are permitted to complete their studies before fulfilling their service obligation. Finally, the Bowman Scholarship allows Navy Nuclear Power candidates to complete their master's degrees at the [[Naval Postgraduate School]] before continuing into the Navy.

==Student activities==
{| class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible"; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:90%" |Student body composition as of May 2, 2022
|-
! Race and ethnicity<ref>{{cite web|title=College Scorecard: United States Naval Academy|url=https://collegescorecard.ed.gov/school/?164155-United-States-Naval-Academy|publisher=[[United States Department of Education]]|access-date=May 8, 2022|archive-date=25 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625042303/https://collegescorecard.ed.gov/school/?164155-United-States-Naval-Academy|url-status=live}}</ref>
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White]]
|style="text-align:right"| {{bartable|61|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]
|style="text-align:right"| {{bartable|12|%|2||background:green}}
|-
| Other{{efn|Other consists of [[Multiracial Americans]] & those who prefer to not say.}}
|style="text-align:right"| {{bartable|11|%|2||background:brown}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
|style="text-align:right"| {{bartable|8|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| [[African Americans|Black]]
|style="text-align:right"| {{bartable|7|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| [[Foreign national]]
|style="text-align:right"| {{bartable|1|%|2||background:orange}}
|-
<!-- ! colspan="4" data-sort-type=number |[[Economic diversity]] -->
<!-- |- -->
<!-- | colspan="4" style="text-align:center"| '''Data Not Available''' -->
|}

===Athletics===
{{Main|Navy Midshipmen}}
{{See also|Navy Midshipmen baseball|l1=Midshipmen baseball|Navy Midshipmen football|l2=football|Navy Midshipmen men's lacrosse|l3=lacrosse|Navy Midshipmen men's basketball|l4=men's basketball|Navy Midshipmen men's soccer|l5=men's soccer}}
[[File:1926 Navy National Championship Team.JPG|thumb|The 1926 National Championship football team]]

Participation in athletics is, in general, mandatory at the Naval Academy and most midshipmen not on an [[college athletics|intercollegiate]] team must participate actively in [[intramural sports|intramural]] or club sports. There are exceptions for non-athletic Brigade Support Activities such as [[Yard patrol boat|YP]] Squadron (a professional surface warfare training activity providing midshipmen the opportunity to earn the [[Craftmaster Badge]]) or the Drum and Bugle Corps.

[[Varsity letter|Varsity-letter]] [[Letterman (sports)|winners]] wear a specially issued blue [[Cardigan (sweater)|cardigan]] with a large gold "N" patch affixed. Teams that beat [[Army Black Knights|Army]] in a year are awarded a gold star to affix near the "N" for each such victory.

The U.S. Naval Academy's varsity sports teams<ref name=USNAathletics>{{cite web |url=http://www.usna.edu/athletics.htm |title=USNA – Athletics Information |publisher=U.S. Naval Academy |access-date=22 March 2008 |archive-date=7 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807211201/http://www.usna.edu/athletics.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> have no official name but usually are referred to in media as "the Midshipmen" (since all [[sportsperson|athletes]] are, in fact, midshipmen), or more informally as "the Mids". The term "middies" is generally considered derogatory.<ref>The term "Middie" is not appropriate. [http://www.navysports.com/trads/usna-facts-figures-history.html Traditions: U.S. Naval Academy Facts, Figures and History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106115559/http://www.navysports.com/trads/usna-facts-figures-history.html |date=6 November 2013 }} (at "Nickname"). Naval Academy Varsity Athletics official website. Retrieved 14 February 2010.</ref> The sports teams' mascot is a goat named "[[Bill the Goat|Bill]]."

The Midshipmen participate in the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]]'s [[Football Bowl Subdivision|Division I FBS]] as a member of the [[American Athletic Conference]] in football and in the NCAA Division I-level [[Patriot League]] in many other sports. The academy fields 30 varsity sports teams and 13 club sports teams (along with 19 intramural sports teams).<ref name="USNAathletics"/><ref name=WBFHfacts>[http://www.navysports.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/navy/genrel/auto_pdf/wbfh-facts "Wesley Brown Field House" Facts sheet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714161444/http://www.navysports.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/navy/genrel/auto_pdf/wbfh-facts |date=14 July 2011 }}. USNA Public Affairs Office. Athletics Department webpage (Naval Academy Varsity Athletics official website). Retrieved 9 February 2010.</ref>
[[File:US Navy 090807-N-3857R-019 Plebes from the U.S. Naval Academy receive basic martial arts instruction during Plebe Summer training.jpg|thumb|Plebes receive basic martial arts instruction during Plebe Summer training]]
[[File:US Navy 100518-N-2069B-319 Plebes paddle pontoon boats during a team-building portion of Sea Trials at the U.S. Naval Academy.jpg|thumb|Plebes paddle pontoon boats during a team-building portion of Sea Trials]]

The most important sporting event at the academy is the annual [[Army–Navy Game]], in football. The 2015 season marks Navy's 14th consecutive victory over Army. The three major service academies (Navy, Air Force, and Army) compete for the [[Commander in Chief's Trophy|Commander-in-Chief's Trophy]], which is awarded to the academy that defeats the others in football that year (or retained by the previous winner in the event of a three-way tie). Navy won the trophy in 2012 after two years of residence at the [[United States Air Force Academy|Air Force Academy]]. [[Keenan Reynolds (American football)|Keenan Reynolds]] (quarterback 2012–2015) set numerous Navy and NCAA records, including the FBS career rushing touchdown record, arguably becoming Navy's best quarterback ever. Reynolds finished fifth in the prestigious Heisman Trophy voting. In the Army-Navy rivalry, Reynolds became the first quarterback to beat Army in four seasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/13/sports/ncaafootball/navy-midshipmen-beat-army-black-knights.html|title=Navy's Keenan Reynolds Extends Streak vs. Army|date=13 December 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=4 December 2018|archive-date=4 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204102127/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/13/sports/ncaafootball/navy-midshipmen-beat-army-black-knights.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Naval Academy sports teams have many accomplishments at the international and national levels. In 1926, Navy's football team won the U.S. national championship based on both the [[Boand System|Boand]] and Houlgate mathematical poll systems.<ref name=2007NCAAbook>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncaa.org/library/records/football/football_records_book/2007/2007_d1_football_records_book.pdf |title=Official 2007 NCAA Division I Football Record Book |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625010623/http://www.ncaa.org/library/records/football/football_records_book/2007/2007_d1_football_records_book.pdf |archive-date=25 June 2008 }}</ref> and the Navy men's lacrosse team won 21 USILL or USILA national championships and was the NCAA Division I runner-up in 1975 and 2004. The men's fencing team won [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] Division I championships in 1950, 1959, and 1962 and was runner-up in 1948, 1953, 1960, and 1963,<ref name=2002NCAAwinter>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncaa.org/library/records/winter_champs_records_book/2002/discontinued2.pdf |title=''Official 2002 NCAA Winter Championships Records Book'' |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625010702/http://www.ncaa.org/library/records/winter_champs_records_book/2002/discontinued2.pdf |archive-date=25 June 2008 }}</ref> and [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] Division I championships were also earned by the 1945 men's outdoor track and field team<ref name=NCAAoutdoortrackhx>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncaasports.com/track-and-field/history/outdoor/divi |title=Division I Outdoor Track and Field History |publisher=NCAA.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212045244/http://www.ncaasports.com/track-and-field/history/outdoor/divi |archive-date=12 February 2008 }}</ref> and the 1964 men's soccer team.<ref name=NCAAhx_menssoccer>{{cite web|title=1964 Division I Men's Championship Bracket|url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/m_soccer_RB/2011/D1Brackets.pdf|publisher=NCAA.org|access-date=22 November 2012|page=4|archive-date=16 May 2012|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120516112320/http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/m_soccer_RB/2011/D1Brackets.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

The academy lightweight crew won the 2004 and 2021 National Championship. The lightweights are accredited with two Jope Cup Championships as well, finishing the Eastern Sprints with the highest number of points in 2006 and 2007. The college's heavyweight crew won Olympic gold medals in men's eights in 1920 and 1952,<ref name=RowingHix>{{cite web|url=http://www.rowinghistory.net/US%20Team/Boats%20-%20Men%201900-1979.htm |title=U.S. Team Boatings – Men 1900–1979 |work=Friends of Rowing History |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205071405/http://www.rowinghistory.net/US%20Team/Boats%20-%20Men%201900-1979.htm |archive-date=5 December 2008 }}</ref> and from 1907 to 1995 at [[Intercollegiate Rowing Association]] regatta the team earned 30 championships.<ref name=IRAregatta>{{cite web |url=http://www.rowinghistory.net/IRA.htm |title=Intercollegiate Rowing Association |work=Friends of Rowing History |access-date=23 January 2008 |archive-date=17 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517150948/http://www.rowinghistory.net/IRA.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> In intercollegiate shooting, the Naval Academy has won nine [[National Rifle Association]] rifle team trophies, seven air pistol team championships, and five standard pistol team titles.<ref name=NRAtrophies>{{cite web|url=http://www.nrahq.org/compete/natl-trophy-index.asp |title=National Trophy Index |publisher=NRA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031082308/http://www.nrahq.org/compete/natl-trophy-index.asp |archive-date=31 October 2012 }}</ref> Navy's squash team was the national nine-man team champion in 1957, 1959, and 1967,<ref name=SquashHx>{{cite web|url=http://www.squashtalk.com/collegesquash/historical/menteamchamp.htm |title=CSA Men's Team Championship Historical Information |publisher=College Squash Association |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615052059/http://www.squashtalk.com/collegesquash/historical/menteamchamp.htm |archive-date=15 June 2008 }}</ref> and the boxing team was National Collegiate Boxing Association champion in 1987, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collegeboxing.org/Champions.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091121153858/http://www.collegeboxing.org/Champions.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 November 2009 |title=NCBA – National Collegiate Boxing Association |publisher=Collegeboxing.org |access-date=10 October 2011 }}</ref>

There is an unofficial (but previous National Champion) croquet team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncaaticketsnow.com/navy-tickets.asp |title=Navy Midshipmen (history) |publisher=ncaaticketsnow.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324150957/http://www.ncaaticketsnow.com/navy-tickets.asp |archive-date=24 March 2013 }}</ref> Legend has it that in the early 1980s, a Mid and a Johnnie (slang for a student enrolled at [[St. John's College, Annapolis]]), were in a bar and the Mid challenged the Johnnie by stating that Midshipmen could beat St. John's at any sport. The St. John's student selected croquet. Since then, thousands attend the annual croquet match between St. John's and the 28th Company<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hometownannapolis.com/cgi-bin/read/2006/04_19-34/TOP |title=''The Capital'' |date=19 April 2006 |publisher=HometownAnnapolis.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225043955/http://www.hometownannapolis.com/cgi-bin/read/2006/04_19-34/TOP |archive-date=25 February 2012 }}</ref> of the Brigade of Midshipmen (originally the 34th Company before the brigade was reduced to 30 companies).<ref>{{cite news|access-date=14 May 2008 |url=http://www.mauicroquetclub.org/news/2006/JohnniesScoreAnEasyWinOverNavyInCroquet.htm |title=Johnnies Score an Easy Win Over Navy in Croquet |date=24 April 2006 |last=Winters |first=Wendy |work=The Capital |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517155240/http://www.mauicroquetclub.org/news/2006/JohnniesScoreAnEasyWinOverNavyInCroquet.htm |archive-date=17 May 2008 }}</ref> As of 2017, the Midshipmen had a record of 7 wins and 28 losses to the St John's team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sjc.edu/annapolis/events/croquet/facts|title=Croquet Fact Sheet|publisher=St. John's College|access-date=2017-04-15|archive-date=11 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211203205/https://www.sjc.edu/annapolis/events/croquet/facts|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Other extra-curricular activities===
[[File:US Naval Academy Pipes and Drums bagpiper.jpg|thumb|upright|A [[bagpipes|bagpiper]] with the Naval Academy Pipes and Drums]]
Midshipmen have the opportunity to participate in a broad range of other extracurricular activities including [[Musical ensemble|musical performance groups]] ([[United States Naval Academy Drum and Bugle Corps|Drum & Bugle Corps]], Men's [[Glee Club]], Women's Glee Club, [[Gospel choir|Gospel Choir]], an annual musical, a midshipman orchestra, and a [[bagpipes|bagpipe]] band, the Pipes & Drums), religious organizations, academic [[honor societies]] such as [[Omicron Delta Epsilon]] (an economics honor society), [[Campus Girl Scouts]], the [[National Eagle Scout Association]], a radio station (WRNV),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usna.edu/WRNV/staff.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203051154/http://www.usna.edu/WRNV/staff.html |archive-date=3 December 2008 |title=STAFF |publisher=WRNV}}</ref> and Navy and Marine Corps professional activities (diving, flying, seamanship, and the Semper Fidelis Society for future Marines). The midshipman [[theatre|theatrical company]], ''The Masqueraders'', put on one production annually in Mahan Hall. There is an intercollegiate [[Debate camp#Popular camps/institutes|debate]] team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usna.edu/PoliSci/activities.php |title=US Naval Academy &#124; Political Science Department &#124; Department Activities |publisher=Usna.edu |access-date=10 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914055849/http://www.usna.edu/PoliSci/activities.php |archive-date=14 September 2011 }}</ref> Colleges from along the East Coast attend the annual U.S. Naval Academy Debate Tournament. Midshipmen also participate in the [[Sandhurst Competition]], a military skills event.<ref>[http://www.usma.edu/dmi/sandhurst_competition.htm Sandhurst 2010]. Department of Military Instruction. U.S. Military Academy website. Retrieved 28 June 2010. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227141617/http://www.usma.edu/dmi/sandhurst_competition.htm |date=27 February 2015 }}</ref>

<!-- actually the Log had a brigade only spinoff published in alternate weeks called (appropriately) the Splinter. The Splinter was not distributed externally and therefore could contain "inside" humor which included Salty Sam and satirical cartoons. It was a small pub, 1/4 size, roughly. Maybe 20 pages. The Log was a much smoother issue and was a bit more carefully edited since it was mailed to external subscribers. It was the Log that had satirical issues which required a lot of pre-planning. -->
The brigade began publishing a [[humor magazine]] called ''The [[Logbook|Log]]'' in 1913.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usna.edu/TheLOG/history.php|title=History :: The LOG :: USNA|access-date=26 August 2015|archive-date=20 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220203420/http://www.usna.edu/TheLOG/history.php|url-status=live}}</ref> This magazine was discontinued in 2001<ref>{{cite web |title=The Life and Death of the Log: Part II |url=http://www.usna.edu/TheLOG/_files/documents/LifeAndDeathofTheLOG-PT2.pdf |access-date=26 August 2015 |archive-date=4 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904064250/http://www.usna.edu/TheLOG/_files/documents/LifeAndDeathofTheLOG-PT2.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> but returned to print in the fall of 2008. Among ''The Log's'' usual features were "Salty Sam," an anonymous member of the senior class who served as a gossip columnist, and the "Company Cuties," photos of male midshipmen's girlfriends. (This last was deemed offensive to women, and despite attempts to incorporate the boyfriends of female midshipmen in some issues, the "Company Cuties" were dropped from ''The Log''{{'}}s format by 1991.)<ref name=Gefland>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ijnhonline.org/volume1_number1_Apr02/article_gelfand_women_academy.doc.htm |author=Gelfand, H. Michael |title="Revolutionary Change at Evolutionary Speed": Women and the United States Naval Academy |journal=International Journal of Naval History |volume=1 |issue=1 |date=April 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927210926/http://www.ijnhonline.org/volume1_number1_Apr02/article_gelfand_women_academy.doc.htm |archive-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''The Log'' was once featured in ''[[Playboy Magazine]]'' for its parody of the famous periodical,<ref>The Log parodied a national magazine once each year</ref> called "Playmid." "Playmid" was an issue of ''The Log'' in 1989 and was ordered destroyed by Rear Admiral [[Virgil L. Hill Jr.]], the Academy Superintendent at the time, but a handful of copies did survive. Earlier ''Log'' attempts to parody were much more successful, with 18 April 1969, version as the most famous; some sections of this issue can be seen online at an alumni website.<ref name=Homeport>{{cite web|url=http://homeport.usnaweb.org/notpoliticallycorrect.html|title=Not Politically Correct|work=Homeport|access-date=28 April 2006|archive-date=15 June 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615061319/http://homeport.usnaweb.org/notpoliticallycorrect.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 1949, the Log began publishing a half-sized ''Splinter'' bi-weekly, to alternate with its larger sized publication.<ref>{{cite journal |date=May 1955 |journal=The Log |title=Splinter |volume=5 |issue=16 |pages=1–20}}</ref><ref name="shortname">reference.</ref>

===Song===
{{See also|#A selection of Naval Academy traditions}}
Notable among a number of songs commonly played and sung at various events such as [[Graduation|commencement]] and [[convocation]], and athletic games is: "[[Anchors Aweigh]]", the United States Naval Academy [[fight song]]. According to "College Fight Songs: An Annotated Anthology" published in 1998, "Anchors Aweigh" ranks as the fifth greatest fight song of all time. "[[Navy Blue and Gold|Blue and Gold]]" is the name of Naval Academy's [[Alma mater (song)|Alma Mater]].<ref name="auto">{{cite web | title=Ensemble Recordings | website=Music Department | publisher=U.S. Naval Academy | url=https://www.usna.edu/Music/recordings/index.php | access-date=4 December 2018 | archive-date=4 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204102052/https://www.usna.edu/Music/recordings/index.php | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Police==
<!----DO NOT ADD THE NAMES OF ANY POLICE STAFF HERE, INCLUDING THE CHIEF. THEY WILL BE IMMEDIATELY REMOVED AS NON-NOTABLE---->
The [[Naval District Washington]]-Naval Support Activity Annapolis Police Department, formerly known as the US Naval Academy Police Department until 2010, is a full DOD law enforcement agency. It is composed of both [[Department of Defense police|DoD]] Department of Navy Civilian Police, and [[Master-at-arms (United States Navy)|Navy Masters-at-Arms]] who are responsible for policing the US Naval Academy complex. They enforce Maryland, federal and military law and local instructions, offer assistance to those in need, and provide a visible deterrent for criminal activity.<ref>{{cite web|title=Security Department: Police|url=http://www.cnic.navy.mil/regions/ndw/installations/nsa_annapolis/om/security.html/police.htm|work=Website of the United States Naval Academy|publisher=United States Naval Academy|access-date=3 July 2013|archive-date=4 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904064250/http://www.cnic.navy.mil/regions/ndw/installations/nsa_annapolis/om/security.html/police.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
<!----DO NOT ADD THE NAMES OF ANY POLICE STAFF HERE, INCLUDING THE CHIEF. THEY WILL BE IMMEDIATELY REMOVED AS NON-NOTABLE---->

==Women and the Naval Academy==
[[File:Wendy Lawrence NASA STS114.jpg|thumb|upright|Astronaut [[Wendy B. Lawrence]], Class of 1981]]
The Naval Academy first accepted women as midshipmen in 1976, after Congress authorized the admission of women to all of the service academies. Women account for about 22 percent of entering plebes.{{efn|According to the Class Profiles published by the Academy, the percentage of women upon admission for the classes of 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009,<ref>{{cite web |title=Class of 2009 Profile |url=http://www.usna.edu/Admissions/classprofile.htm |publisher=U.S. Naval Academy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926115801/http://www.usna.edu/Admissions/classprofile.htm |archive-date=26 September 2012 |url-status=dead|access-date=2016-02-06}}</ref> and 2010 was 16, 16.7, 20.1, 19.3, and 22.2 percent, respectively.{{citation needed|date=May 2021|reason=Referenced source was for 2009 only.}}}} They pursue the same academic and professional training as do their male classmates, except that certain physical aptitude standards for women are lower than for men, mirroring the standards of the Navy itself. Women have most recently composed about 17 percent of each graduating class, however this number continues to rise. The first pregnant midshipman graduated in 2009. While regulations expressly forbade this, the woman was able to receive a waiver from the Department of the Navy.<ref>[http://www.navytimes.com/news/2009/07/navy_pregnant_midshipman_071709w/ "Pregnant midshipman was granted rare waiver"]. Navy Times.</ref>

In 2006, [[Michelle J. Howard]], class of 1982, became the first female graduate of the Naval Academy to be selected for admiral; she was also the first admiral from her class. [[Margaret D. Klein]], class of 1981, became the first female commandant of midshipmen in December 2006.

Following the [[2003 U.S. Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal]] and due to concern with [[sexual assault in the U.S. military]] the Department of Defense was required to establish a task force to investigate sexual harassment and assault at the United States military academies in the law funding the military for fiscal 2004. The report, issued 25 August 2005 showed that during 2004 50% of the women at Annapolis reported instances of [[sexual harassment]] while 99 incidents of [[sexual assault]] were reported.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dtic.mil/dtfs/doc_recd/High_GPO_RRC_tx.pdf|title=Report of The Defensive Task Force on Sexual Harassment & Violence at the Military Service Academies|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051016130514/http://www.dtic.mil/dtfs/doc_recd/High_GPO_RRC_tx.pdf|archive-date=16 October 2005|website=www.dtic.mil}}</ref> There had been an earlier incident in 1990 which involved male midshipmen chaining a female midshipman to a urinal and then taking pictures of her after she threw a [[snowball]] at them.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.showmenews.com/2003/Mar/20030330News005.asp |title=Gender experts cite academy culture |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041105082858/http://www.showmenews.com/2003/Mar/20030330News005.asp |archive-date=2004-11-05}}</ref>

Academy Superintendent Vice Admiral Rodney Rempt issued a statement: "With the benefit of the Defense Task Force's assessment and recommendations, we will continue to strive to establish a climate which encourages reporting of these incidents, so we can support the victim and deal with allegations fairly and appropriately. The very idea that any member of the Naval Academy family could be part of an environment that fosters sexual harassment, misconduct, or even assault is of great concern to me, and it is contrary to all we are trying to do and achieve. Preventing and deterring this unacceptable behavior is a leadership issue that I and all the Academy leaders take to heart. The public trusts that the Service Academies will adhere to the highest standards and that we will serve as beacons that exemplify character, dignity and respect. We will increase our efforts to meet that trust." Superintendent Rempt was criticized in 2006 for not allowing former Navy quarterback [[Lamar Owens]] to graduate, despite his acquittal on a rape charge. Some alumni have attributed this to an overeagerness on Rempt's part to placate critics urging a crackdown on sexual assault and harassment.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/16/AR2006121600956.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |title=Case Stirs Criticism of Naval Academy Chief |first1=Raymond |last1=McCaffrey |first2=Steve |last2=Vogel |date=17 December 2006 |access-date=4 December 2018 |archive-date=4 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204195125/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/16/AR2006121600956.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1979, [[James H. Webb]] published a provocative essay opposing the integration of women at the Naval Academy titled "Women Can't Fight." Webb was an instructor at the Naval Academy in 1979 when he wrote the article for [[Washingtonian (magazine)|Washingtonian magazine]] that was critical of women in combat and of them attending the service academies. The article, in which he referred to the dorm at the Naval Academy that housed 4,000 men and 300 women as "a horny woman's dream," was written three years after the academy admitted women. Webb said he did not write the headline.<ref>{{Cite web | publisher=[[Huffington Post]] | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nathaniel-bach/jim-webbs-baggage_b_103203.html?page=4 | title=Jim Webb's Baggage | first=Nathaniel | last=Bach | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607023352/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nathaniel-bach/jim-webbs-baggage_b_103203.html?page=4 | archive-date=2011-06-07 | date=2008-05-23 }}</ref>

On 7 November 2006, Webb was elected to the U.S. Senate from Virginia. His election opponent, then senator [[George Allen (U.S. politician)|George Allen]], raised the 1979 article as a campaign issue, depicting Webb as being opposed to women in military service. Webb's response read in part, "To the extent that my writings subjected women at the Academy or the active armed forces to undue hardship, I remain profoundly sorry." He then went on to assert: "I am completely comfortable with the roles of women in today's military."<ref>{{cite book | editor1-first=James E | editor1-last=Parco | editor2-first=David A | editor2-last=Levy | first=Michael | last=Allsep | title=Attitudes Aren't Free: Thinking Deeply about Diversity in the US Armed Forces | chapter=The Odyssey of James Webb: An Adaptive Gender Perspective | year=2010 | location=Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama | publisher=Air University Press | pages=313–315}}</ref> In a political advertisement for Allen five female graduates of the United States Naval Academy had said the article helped [[United States Senate election in Virginia, 2006#Debates|foster an air of hostility and harassment towards females within the academy]].

The Navy Secretary [[Ray Mabus]], on 21 December 2012, issued a statement of shame over a recent sexual abuse study which showed the nation's service academies continue to have trouble maintaining safe teaching environments regarding sexual abuse. Reported sexual assaults the prior year declined from 22 to 13 at Annapolis. The former superintendent, Vice Admiral Mike Miller, enforced a new academy policy, as of January 2013, related to training, victim support, campus security, leadership presence on weekends, and a general review of alcohol policy based on other information in the recent report which shows the actual number of sexual assaults has not declined and that offenses are not reported.<ref>{{cite news | last=Hlad | first=Jennifer | date=21 December 2012 | title=Navy calls for changes after report on sex assaults at military academies | work=Stars and Stripes | access-date=6 June 2017 | url=http://www.stripes.com/navy-calls-for-changes-after-report-on-sex-assaults-at-military-academies-1.201508 | archive-date=11 July 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711185154/https://www.stripes.com/navy-calls-for-changes-after-report-on-sex-assaults-at-military-academies-1.201508 | url-status=live }}</ref>

In May 2021, Vice President [[Kamala Harris]] became the first female commencement speaker at the Naval Academy.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.npr.org/2021/05/28/1001216860/vice-president-harris-becomes-the-first-woman-to-speak-at-u-s-navy-commencement | title=Vice President Harris Becomes The First Woman To Speak At U.S. Navy Commencement | date=2021-05-28 | first=Chloee | last=Weiner | website=www.npr.org}}</ref> 

[[Yvette M. Davids]] became the first female Superintendent of the Naval Academy on 11 January 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=VADM Davids Confirmed As Superintendent At Naval Academy |url=https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3643662/vadm-davids-confirmed-as-superintendent-at-naval-academy/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.navy.mil%2FPress-Office%2FNews-Stories%2FArticle%2F3643662%2Fvadm-davids-confirmed-as-superintendent-at-naval-academy%2F |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=United States Navy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebaltimorebanner.com/education/higher-education/making-history-vice-adm-yvette-davids-becomes-first-woman-and-person-of-color-to-lead-naval-academy-CIIQ7VOLTNBTVOTQJWOV5DGLCQ/|title=Yvette Davids becomes first woman and Latina to lead Naval Academy|first=Royale|last=Bonds|date=January 12, 2024|website=The Baltimore Banner}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2023/04/21/yvette-davids-us-naval-academy-superintendent/ | title=Rear admiral picked to be first female leader of U.S. Naval Academy | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=2023-04-21 | first1=Nick | last1=Anderson | first2=Karina | last2=Elwood}}</ref>

==Traditions==
* ''[[Anchors Aweigh]]'' is a popular song written historically at the Naval Academy, subsequently coming to stand for the entire United States Navy. The lyrics are by Midshipman Alfred H. Miles, set to music by 2nd Lieutenant [[Charles A. Zimmermann|Zimmerman]], USMC, bandmaster of the [[United States Naval Academy Band|Naval Academy Band]] starting in 1887. After writing "Anchors Aweigh" they dedicated it to the Class of 1907. The song is sung during sporting events, pep rallies, and played by the Drum and Bugle Corps during noon meal formations. Members of the Navy and Marine Corps, unless marching, are supposed to come to attention while it is playing. The original verse (quoted below) is learned by midshipmen as plebes.
* "[[Navy Blue and Gold|Blue and Gold]]" is the name of Naval Academy's [[Alma mater (song)|Alma Mater]].<ref name="auto"/> The song is sung at the conclusion of every sporting event, at the end of pep rallies and at alumni gatherings. It is also sung in most companies by the plebes at the conclusion of the day during Plebe Summer and end of the week during the academic year; this event is also referred to as "Blue and Gold," which is a short gathering to review the day for better or worse with the upperclass midshipmen.
* ''[[Herndon Monument]] Climb'' – a year-end informal ritual (analogous to the "cover toss" at graduation) marking the passage from plebe to third-classman. The new upperclassmen raise a classmate to the top of the monument to replace a dixie cup sailor cover with the combination cover traditional to midshipmen.<ref name="gloss">{{cite web | url=http://www.usna-parents.org/glossary.html | title=Glossary of Navy Terms | publisher=Usna-parents.org | access-date=10 October 2011 | archive-date=30 September 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930130129/http://www.usna-parents.org/glossary.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="handb">{{cite web | url=http://www.usna.org/handbook/navspeak.html |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120304011429/http://www.usna.org/handbook/navspeak.html | archive-date= 4 March 2012 |title= NAVspeak Glossary – Translations of Navy Slang for Parents of Midshipmen attending the US Naval Academy |publisher=Usna.org |access-date= 10 October 2011}}</ref> For the event, Herndon is covered with lard. Only teamwork will result in the changing of caps. In 2008, the dixie cup removed and the cover placed belonged to Midshipman Kristen Dickmann, Class of 2011, who had died a few days previously. These were the first women's caps used for the Climb.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/15/AR2008051503579.html |title=Plebes Rise To Occasion As Tradition Carries On |newspaper=The Washington Post |first=Nelson |last=Hernandez |date=16 May 2008 |access-date=4 December 2018 |archive-date=9 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709193132/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/15/AR2008051503579.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Notable alumni==

Graduates include over 50 U.S. astronauts, including six who flew to the Moon,{{efn|[[Jim Lovell]], [[Bill Anders]] and [[Thomas P. Stafford|Tom Stafford]] orbited the Moon, and [[Alan Shepard]], [[Jim Irwin]] and [[Charlie Duke]] were three of the twelve astronauts who walked on the Moon.}} more than from any other undergraduate institution in the U.S. Over 990 noted scholars in a variety of academic fields are Academy graduates, including 46 [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes Scholars]] and 24 [[Marshall Scholarship|Marshall Scholars]]. Alumni include one President of the United States, [[Jimmy Carter]], who is also a [[Nobel Prize|Nobel laureate]], as is Albert A. Michelson (1907 – [[Nobel Prize in Physics]]). 73 alumni have earned the [[Medal of Honor]].
<gallery class="center" caption="Notable graduates">
File:Albert Abraham Michelson2.jpg|[[Albert A. Michelson]] Class of 1873
File:JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg|[[Jimmy Carter]]<br /> Class of 1947
File:RossPerotColor.jpg|[[Ross Perot]]<br /> Class of 1953
File:Jim Byrne.jpg|[[James Byrne (lawyer)|James Byrne]]<br /> Class of 1987
File:William D. Byrne, Jr. (6).jpg|[[William D. Byrne Jr.]]<br /> Class of 1987
File:Marc H. Dalton (3).jpg|[[Marc H. Dalton]]<br /> Class of 1987
File:Vice Adm. John V. Fuller.jpg|[[John V. Fuller|John Fuller]]<br /> Class of 1987
File:Ken ham v2.jpg|[[Kenneth Ham]]<br />Class of 1987
File:Gregory N. Harris (3).jpg|[[Gregory N. Harris]]<br />Class of 1987
File:Gregory L. Masiello (2).jpg|[[Gregory Masiello]]<br />Class of 1987
File:David Robinson at 1988 Summer Olympics vs. Brazil 1 (cropped).JPEG|[[David Robinson (basketball)|David Maurice Robinson]]<br /> Class of 1987
File:Vice Adm. Timothy J. White.jpg|[[Timothy J. White]]<br />Class of 1987
File:Sunita_Williams_in_2018.jpg|[[Sunita Lyn Williams]]<br /> Class of 1987
File:Doug Wojcik With Nick Ward.jpg|[[Doug Wojcik]]<br /> Class of 1987
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Maryland}}
{{div col|colwidth=30}}
* [[Ogle Hall|Alumni House (United States Naval Academy)]]
* [[Annapolis (2006 film)|''Annapolis'' (2006 film)]]
* [[Hispanics in the United States Naval Academy]]
* [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario#Mace|Mace of Parliament of Upper Canada]]
* [[Naval Academy Bridge]]
* [[Navy Blue and Gold (film)|''Navy Blue and Gold'' (film)]]
* [[Old Goat]] Award
* [[USNA Out]]
* [[United States Merchant Marine Academy]]
{{div col end}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* ''[[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica]]''
* {{cite book|last=Beach|first=Captain Edward L|title=The United States Navy|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|year=1986|isbn=0-03-044711-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesnavy00beac}}
* {{cite book|last=Conrad|first=James Lee|title=Rebel Reefers: The Organization and Midshipmen of the Confederate States Naval Academy|publisher=Da Capo Press|year=2003|isbn=0-306-81237-1}}
* {{cite book |last1=Gelfand |first1=H. Michael |title=Sea Change at Annapolis: The United States Naval Academy, 1949-2000 |date=2006 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |isbn=978-0-8078-7747-0}}
* {{Cite magazine |first=David |last=Poyer |title=Stealing from Neptune |magazine=Shipmate |volume=81 |issue=6 |date=September 2018 |pages=13–16 |url=https://www.usna.com/news/stealing-from-neptune |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911045013/https://www.usna.com/news/stealing-from-neptune |archive-date=2018-09-11}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{wikiquote}}
* {{Official website|https://www.usna.edu/homepage.php}}
* [http://www.navysports.com Official athletics website]

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