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|+<big>'''Khalifa Rasul Abu Bakr''' <BR></big>
|-
| align=center colspan=2 |[[Image:Caliph Abu Bakr's empire at its peak 634-mohammad adil rais.PNG|thumb|center|310px|Caliph Abu Bakr's Empire at its greatest extent]] ''
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| align=center colspan=2 |'''Abu Bakr'''
|-
| '''Reign''' || [[8]]th [[june]] [[632]]&ndash;[[23]]rd [[August]] [[634]]
|-
| '''Born''' || [[573]], [[Makkah]], [[Saudi Arabia]]
|-
| '''Died''' || [[23]]rd [[August]] [[634]], [[Madinah]], [[Saudi Arabia]]
|-
| '''Buried''' || [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi]]
|-
| '''Predecessor''' || -
|-
| '''Successor''' || [[Umar]]
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| colspan=2 align=right style="padding: 0 5px 0 5px" | <small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Template:Islamic Empire|action=edit}} edit ]</small>
|}

{{dablink|For other people named Abu Bakar, see [[Abu Bakr (name)]].}}

'''Abū Bakr''' ({{lang-ar|ابو بكر الصديق}}) (c. [[573]]&ndash;[[August 23]] [[634]]/[[13 AH]])<ref>{{cite web | title=Abu Bakr Siddiq | work=anwary-islam.com | url=http://www.anwary-islam.com/companion/abu_bakr_siddiq.htm | accessdate=2007-01-12}}</ref> was a senior [[Sahaba|companion]] of and the first [[Muslim]] ruler after [[Muhammad]] (632–634). [[Sunni]]s regard him as his rightful successor (''[[caliph]]'') and the first of four righteous Caliphs (''[[Rashidun]]''). The [[Shi'a]] believe he violated Muhammad's direct orders and orchestrated a [[coup d'état]]. Scholarly consensus amongst the Sunni lists him as the first Muslim Caliph.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Rightly-Guided Caliphs | work=[[University of Southern California]] | url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/politics/firstfourcaliphs.html | accessdate=2007-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/caliphate/abuBakr.html | title=The Islamic World to 1600 | work=[[University of Calgary]] | accessdate=2007-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ISLAM/CALIPH.HTM | title=The Caliphate | work=[[Washington State University]] | accessdate=2007-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.princeton.edu/~batke/itl/denise/abubakr.htm | title=Abu Bakr | work=[[Princeton University]] | accessdate=2007-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-AbuBakr.html | title=Abu Bakr | work=[[Columbia Encyclopedia]], Sixth Edition 2006 | accessdate=2007-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9003420/Abu-Bakr | title=Abu Bakr | work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] | accessdate=2007-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/earlyrise_2.shtml | title=Religion & Ethics - Islam | work=[[BBC]] | accessdate=2007-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/researchatpenn/article.php?116&soc | title=Through a Glass Darkly: On the Misunderstanding of Islam and America and 9/11 | work=[[University of Pennsylvania]] | accessdate=2007-01-12}}</ref>
His caliphate lasted two years and three months in which suppressed apostasy among the Arab tribes, fought the prophet claimants al-Aswad al-`Ansi, Tulayha al-Asadi [[Musaylima]]. he opened up the lands of Syria and Iraq for the Muslims.<ref>http://www.sunnah.org/publication/khulafa_rashideen/caliph1.htm</ref>

==Early life==

Abu Bakr was born at [[Makkah]] some time in the year [[573]] [[A.D]], in the [[Banu]] [[Taim]] branch of [[Quraish]]. Abu Bakr's father name was Uthman ibn Amar surnamed ''Abu Qahafa'', and his mother was Salma surnamed ''Umm-ul-Khair''. The birth name of Abu Bakr was ''Abdul Kaaba'' (servent of [[Kaaba]]), when converted to [[Islam]] in [[610]] [[A.D]] he was named ''Abdullah''(servent of Allah) by [[Prophet Mohammad]]. Al-Suyuti relates through Ibn Sa`d’s report from [[Ayesha]] her description of Abu Bakr:

{{cquote| "He was a man with fair skin, thin, emaciated, with a sparse beard, a slightly hunched frame, sunken eyes and protruding forehead, and the bases of his fingers were hairless."}}

By all standards he was beautiful, and for his beauty he earned the surname of '''Atiq'''. He was born in a rich family. He spent his early childhood like other [[Arab]] childern of the time among the [[Bedouin]]s who called themselves ''Ahl-i-Ba'eer''- the people of the [[camel]], he developed particular fondness for camels.

[[Image:Wazir Khan Mosque Hadith.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Wazir Khan Mosque]], (16th century) Sayings of the companions of Muhammad on the northern wall of the arched gateway of the central prayer chamber.]]

In the early years he played with the young ones of the camels, and his love for the [[camel]]s earned him the surname of '''Abu Bakr'''-the father of the [[foal]] of the [[camel]].<ref>[[War]] [[And]] [[Peace]] in the Law of [[Islam]] By Majid Khadduri. Translated by Muhammad Yaqub Khan Published 1951 [[Ahmad]]iyyah Anjuman Ishaat [[Islam]] Original from the [[University]] [[of]] [[Michigan]] Digitized 23 Oct 2006</ref> It is said that he didn't worshiped idols since his youth. when 10 years old he went to [[Syria]] along with his father with the merchants caravan, [[Prophet Mohammad]] who was 12 years old that time was also with that caravan. Like other Arab childern of the time he was illiterate but have developed foundness with poetry. He used to attend the annual fair at ''Ukaz'', and participate in poetical [[symposia]]. He had a very good memory. In [[591]] [[A.D]] at the age of 18, Abu Bakr went into trade and adopted the profession of a cloth merchant which was the family's business. In the comming years Abu Bakr traveled extensively with caravans. Business trips took him to [[Yemen]], [[Syria]], and elsewhere. These travels brought him wealth, added to his experience. His business flourished and he rose in the scale of social importance. Though his Father Uthman ibn Amar was still alive, he become to be recognized as chief of his tribe. Abu Bakr was assigned the office of awarding blood money in cases of murder. His office was something like the office of an [[Honorary]] [[Magistrate]].<ref>The [[Middle East]] [[Journal]] By Middle East Institute

([[Washington]], [[D.C]].), By Middle East Institute (Washington, D.C.)

Published 1991</ref>
Abu Bakr was expert in [[genealogical]] [[lore]]. He knew intimately who was who in [[Makkah]], and what was his [[ancestry]].

==During Prophet Mohammad's ear==

When [[Muhammad]] married [[Khadija]] and shifted to her house, he became a neighbor of Abu Bakr who lived in the same locality. That was the quarter of Makkan [[aristocracy]]. Like the house of Khadija, the house of Abu Bakr was double storied and palatial in structure.
As neighbors [[Prophet Muhammad]] and Abu Bakr came in contact with each other. Both of them were of the same age. Both of them were traders and good managers.

===Conversion to Islam===
{{main|Identity of first male Muslim}}

On his return from a business trip from [[Yemen]], he was informed by some of his friends that in his absence [[Muhammad]]  had declared himself as the Messenger of God, and proclaimed a new religion. Abu Bakr accepted [[Islam]].<ref>E. J. Brill's First [[Encyclopaedia]] of [[Islam]], 1913-1936 By

M. Th. Houtsma, E. van Donzel, Published by BRILL</ref> He was fourth person to accept Islam, and was the first person outside the family of the Prophet Mohammad to become a [[Muslim]]. Abu Bakr was a rich merchant, and his business depended on the goodwill of the people around him, his conversion to the new faith made him unpopular with people around him, and that adversely affect his business. According to a sunni tradition, Prophet Mohammad once said:
{{cquote| Whenever I offered Islam to any one, he always showed some reluctance and hesitation and tried to enter into an argument.<ref>Sirah [[ibn]] [[Hasham]] vol:1 page 98</ref> Abu Bakr was the only person who accepted Islam without any reluctance or hesitation, and without any argument.}}

===After conversion to Islam===

His birth name ''Abdul Kaaba'' was changed to ''Abdullah'', because the former was indicative of paganism. His wife Qutaila did not accept Islam and he divorced her. His other wife Umm Ruman became a Muslim at his instance. All his children except [[‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr]] accepted [[Islam]], and Abu Bakr separated from his son Abdur Rahman.

Abu Bakr's missionary efforts brought many people to [[Islam]]. He persuaded his intimate friends to accept Islam.
<ref>Merriam-Webster's [[Encyclopedia]] of [[World]] [[Religion]]s By

Wendy Doniger Published by Merriam-Webster</ref> He presented Islam to others in such a way that many of his friends opted for Islam. Those who accepted Islam at the instance of Abu Bakr were:
#[[Uthman bin Affan]] (who would became the 3rd Caliph )
#[[Zubayr ibn al-Awwam]] ( who would got fame in the Islamic conquest of Egypt )
#[[Talha ibn Ubayd-Allah]] 
#[[Abdur Rahman bin Awf]] ( who would remained an important part of Rashidun Caliphate)
#[[Sa`ad ibn Abi Waqqas]] ( who would got fame during Islamic conquest of Persia)
#Umar ibb Masoan 
#[[Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah]] ( who remained commander in chief of Islamic armies in Syria )
#Abdullah bin Abdul Asad 
#Abu Salma 
#[[Khalid ibn Sa`id]] 
#[[Abu Hudhaifah ibn al-Mughirah]]

Abu Bakr's conversion proved to be a milestone in the Prophetic mission of [[Mohammad]].
[[Slave]]ry was common in [[Makkah]], many slaves accepted [[Islam]]. When an ordinary free man use to accept Islam, inspite of opposition he use to enjoy the protection of his tribe. For the slaves, there was no such protection and the converts were subjected to persecution. Abu Bakr felt for these helpless slaves who use to suffer from there masters, he purchased them and let them free. Abu Bakr purchased the freedom of eight slaves-four men and four women. The men were:
#[[Bilal ibn Ribah|Bilal]]
#[[Abu Fakih]]
#[[Ammar ibn Yasir]]
#[[Abu Fuhayra]]
#[[Lubaynah]]
#[[Al-Nahdiah]]
#[[Umm Ubays]]
#[[Zinnira]].

Most of the slaves liberated by Abu Bakr were either women or old and frail men.<ref>[[The]] [[Mohammad]]an [[Dynasties]]. Chronological and

Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions By Stanley Lane-Poole	

Published by Adamant Media Corporation	</ref>	 The father of Abu Bakr asked him to for why dont he liberate strong and young slaves who could be a source of strenght for him, Abu Bakr replied that he was freeing the slaves for the sake of God, and not for his own sake.
According to Sunni tradition the following verses og Quran were revealed over this:
{{cquote| The conduct of Abu Bakr was approved by God in the following verses of the Holy Quran: "He who gives in charity and fears Allah And in all sincerity testifies to the Truth; We shall indeed make smooth for him the path of Bliss {92:5-7}. }}
{{cquote| Those who spend their wealth for increase in self-purification; And have in their minds no favor from any one For which a reward is expected in return, But only the desire to seek the Countenance, Of their Lord, Most High; And soon they shall attain complete satisfaction. {92:8-21}.}}

===Persecution of the Quraish===

{{main|Persecution of Muslims by the Meccans}}

For three years after [[Islam]], Muslims kept a secret of their faith, and prayed in secret. It is said in [[613]] [[A.D]] [[Prophet Mohammad]] recived a revelation to call people to Islam openly. The first public address inviting the people to offer allegiance to the Prophet Mohammad was delivered by Abu Bakr, in a fit of fury the [[Quraish]] young men rushed at Abu Bakr, and beat him mercilessly till he lost consciousness.<ref>[[Abu Bakr]] By Atta Mohy-ud-Din Published 1968 S. Chand Original

from the [[University]] [[of]] [[Michigan]] Digitized 6 Jan 2006.</ref> Following this incidense Abu Bakr's mother converted to Islam. Abu Bakr recived many persecutions from Quraish.

===Last years in Makkah===

In [[617]] [[A.D]], the [[Quraish]] enforced a boycott against the [[Banu Hashim]], and Prophet Mohammad along with his supporters from Banu Hashim, were shut up in a pass away from [[Makkah]]. All social relations with the Banu Hashim were cut off and their state was that of a sort of imprisonment. Before it many weak [[Muslim]]s were migrated to [[Abyssinia]]. Abu Bakr feeling distress from it, set out to [[Yemen]] to went [[Abyssinia]] from there, he met a friend of him by name Ad-Dughna out side [[Makkah]] who invited Abu Bakr to seek his protection against [[Quraish]], he was chief of the Qarah tribe. Abu Bakr went back to Makkah, it was a bit relief for him, but soon due to the pressure of Quraish Ad-Dughna was forced to renounce his protection. Once again [[Quraish]] were free for the persecution of Abu Bakr. In the year [[620]] [[A.D]] [[Prophet Mohammad]]'s wife and uncle died. Abu Bakr's daughter [[Ayesha]] was engaged to Prophet Mohammad, however it was decided that the actual marriage ceremony would be held later. In the years 620 A.D Abu Bakr was first person to testify the [[night Journey]] of [[Prophet Mohammad]].<ref>[[Islam]] By Anne Geldart, Published by Harcourt Heinemann.</ref> According to [[Sunni]] traditions, he was given titile ''al-Siddîq'', meaning "the truthful," "the upright," or "the one who counts true," due to his immediate belief in the journey. During the [[Roman-Persian Wars]], the sympathies of the [[Quraish]] of [[Makkah]] was with the [[Persian]]s who were [[polytheist]]s. The [[Muslim]]s on the other hand had their sympathies for the [[Byzantine]]s who were [[Christian]]s who were the [[People of the book]] and belive in [[God]]. After the Persian victories over Byzantine, verses of [[Quran]] revealed of ''Surah rum'' with the prophesy that [[Byzantine]] ([[roman]]s) will regain what they lost and [[persian]]s will be defeated with in few years. Over this Abu Bakr had a wager with Ubaiy bin Khalf, it was decided that one who lost the wager will pay hundred [[camel]]s. With decisive Byzantine victory in [[627]] [[A.D]] against Persians, Abu Bakr won the wager, though Ubaiy bin Khalf was not alive but his heirs honored the agreement and gave Abu Bakr hundred camels. Abu Bakr gave away all hundred camels as charity.

==Migration to Madinah==

In [[622]] [[A.D]] on the invitation of [[Muslim]]s of [[Madinah]], [[Prophet Mohammad]] ordered [[Muslim]]s to migrate to [[Madinah]]. The migration begun in batches. [[Hadith of Abu Bakr and Muhammad in the cave|Abu Bakr acompained Prophet Mohammad in his migration for Madinah]]. Due to danger of [[Quraish]] they did not take the road to [[Madinah]]. They moved in the opposite direction, and took refuge in a cave in Mount Thaur some five miles south of Makkah. [[`Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr]] the son of Abu Bakr would listen to the plans and talks of the Quraish, and at night he would carry the news to the fugitives in the cave. [[Asma bint Abu Bakr]] the daughter of Abu Bakr brought them meals every day.<ref>[[Islamic]] [[culture]]. By Islamic Cultural Board Published 1927 [s.n.Original from the [[University]] [[of]] [[Michigan]] Digitized 27 Mar 2006.</ref> Aamir a servant of Abu Bakr would bring a flock of goats to the mouth of the cave every night where they were milked. The Quraish sent search parties in all directions. One party came dangerously close to the entrance to the cave, but were unable to get any success. Over this the following verses of [[Quran]] were revealed: 
{{cquote| He being the second of the two When they were in the cave, And when Muhammad said to his companion, 'Grieve not, surely God is with us'. Then God came to their help. And protected them with an army Which they saw not. {9:40}.}}

Staying at the cave for three days and three nights Abu Bakr and Prophet Mohammad proceed to [[Madinah]]. Staying for some time at [[Quba]], the suburb of Madinah, they reached Madinah finally.

===Life in Madinah===

In Madinah Prophet Mohammad decided to contruct a [[mosque]]. A piece of land was chosen and the price of the land was payed by Abu Bakr. Muslims conteucted a masque named [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi]] at that site, Abu Bakr also took part in construction. Abu Bakr was paired with Khaarij ah bin Zaid Ansari as a [[Brotherhood among the Sahaba|brother in faith]]. Abu Bakr's relationship with his brother-in-Islam was most cordial which was further strengthened when Abu Bakr married Habiba, a daughter of Khaarijah. 
Khaarij ah bin Zaid Ansari  use to live at sukh in the suburb of Madinah. Abu Bakr also sattled there. After Abu Bakr's family arrived in [[Madinah]] he brought an other house near the [[Prophet Mohammad]]'s house.<ref>[[Hazrat]] [[Abu Bakr]], the First [[Caliph]] of [[Islam]] By Muhammad Habibur Rahman Khan Sherwani, Published 1963 Sh. Muhammad Ashraf Original from the [[University]] [[of]] [[Michigan]]. Digitized 14 Nov 2006.</ref>
The climate of Makkah was dry, but the climate of Madina was damp. That adversely affected the health of the emigrants. On arrival at Madina most of the emigrants fell sick. Abu Bakr also suffered from fever for several days. During his sickness he was attended to by Khaarijah and his family. At Makkah, Abu Bakr was a trader in cloth. He started the same business at Madinah. He was a wholesaler. He had his store at Sukh, and from there cloth was supplied to the market at Madinah. Soon his business flourished at Madinah. Early in [[623]] [[A.D]] [[Ayesha]], Abu Bakr's daughter who was already engaged to Prophet Mohammad was handed over to Prophet Mohmmad in a simple marrige ceremony. This further strengthen the relation between Abu Bakr and Prophet Mohammad.
In [[624]] [[A.D]] Abu Bakr particepated in the first Battle between muslims and [[Quraish]] of [[Mecca]] i.e [[Battle of Badr]]. In [[625]] A.C he participated in The [[Battle of Uhud]]. Before the battle begun Abu Bakr's son [[‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr]] who was still non-Muslim and was fighting from the side of [[Quraish]], came forward and threw the challenge for a duel. Abu Bakr accepted the challenge but was stoped by [[Prophet Mohammad]]. His son later converted to [[Islam]] and gained fame in [[Muslim conquest of Syria]] as a fierce warrior. In the second phase of Battle when [[Khalid ibn Walid]]’s Cavalry attacked (who was still non-MUslim) Muslims from behind changing the victory of [[Muslim]]s in to defeat many muslim warriors routed from the battle field but Abu Bakr remained guarding [[Prophet Mohammad]] from the attacks of [[Quraish]] Soldiers during one such attack two discs from [[Prophet Mohammad]]’s  shield had penetrated into his cheeks. [[Abu Bakr]] went forward with the intention of extracting these discs but [[Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah]] said requested to leave the matter to him,Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah lost his two incisor during the process. Abu Bakr along with other campanions led the Holy Prophet to a place of safety. Later this year Abu Bakr was a part of campaign again the hostile Jews tribe of [[Banu Nadir]].

Later In [[627]] A.C he participated in the [[Battle of the Trench]] and also in the [[Banu Qurayza|Battle of Banu Qurayza]].<ref>Tabqat ibn al-Saad book of Maghazi,page no:62</ref> In 628 A.C he participated in [[Treaty of Hudaybiyyah]] and was made one of the witness over the pact.<ref>Tabqat ibn al-Saad book of Maghazi,page no:62</ref>
In the year 628 A.C he was a part of Muslim’s [[Battle of Khaybar|campaign to Khaybar]]. In [[629]] A.C [[Prophet Mohammad]] sent [[Amr ibn al-Aas]] to Zaat-ul-Sallasal from where he called for reinforcement and Prophet Mohammad sent [[Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah]] commanding an army under him were serves Abu Bakr and [[Umar]] they attacked and defeated the enemy.<ref>Sahih-al-Bhukari book of Maghazi ,Ghazwa Saif-al-Jara</ref>
In [[630]] [[A.D]] when Muslims armies rushed for the  [[Conquest of Mecca]] Abu Bakr was a part of that army. Before the conquest of Makkah his father Uthman ibn Amar converted to Islam. In [[630]] A.C he was part of [[Battle of Hunayn]] and [[Siege of Ta'if]]. he was part of Muslim's army went for the campaign of [[Tabouk]] under the command of Prophet [[Mohammad]], he also reported to give all his wealth for the preparation of this expedition.
In [[631]] [[A.D]], [[Prophet Mohammad]] sent from [[Madinah]] a delegation of three hundred Muslims to perform the [[Hajj]] according to the new Islamic way. Abu Bakr was appointed as the leader of the delegates. Abu Bakr had thus the honor of being the first Amir-ul-Haj in the history of Islam. In the year [[632]] [[A.D]] Abu Bakr followed [[Prophet Mohammad]] to [[Makkah]] for the farewell [[Hajj]].

==Death of Prophet Mohammad==

A short time after returning from the farewell pilgrimage, the Prophet Mohammad fell sick. When the fever became violent, Prophet Mohammad directed Abu Bakr to lead the prayers in the [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi]] during his illness. On [[8th]] [[June]] [[632]] [[A.D]] [[Prophet Mohammad]] died. The news reached Abu Bakr while he was in his home at Sukh. [[Muslim]]s gathered in [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi]], there were suppressed sobs and sighs. Many campanions were in state of disbelive that Prophet Mohammad was not dead. Abu Bakr came in the mosque and addressed the people, he said:

{{cquote|  Listen to me, ye people. Those of you who worshipped Muhammad know that he is dead like any other mortal. But those of you who worship the God of Muhammad know that He is alive and would live for ever.}}

Abu Bakr then recited the following verses of Quran:
{{cquote| Muhammad is nothing but a messenger of Allah, Messengers of God have passed away before him; What, if he dies or is killed? Will you turn back upon your heels? And whosoever turns back upon his heels will by no means do harm to Allah, and Allah will reward the thankful.}}

==Election of Abu Bakr as a Caliph==

{{main|Succession to Muhammad}}

after [[Prophet Muhammad]]'s death, previously dormant tensions between the [[Mecca]]n [[immigrant]]s, the [[Muhajirun]], and the [[Medinah]]n converts, the [[Ansar]], threatened to break out and split the [[Ummah]]. The [[Ansar]], the leaders of the tribes of [[Medinah]], met in a hall or house called [[saqifah]], to discuss whom they would support as their new leader. When [[Abu Bakr]] was informed of the meeting, he, [[Umar]],[[Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah]] and a few others rushed to prevent the [[Ansar]] from making a premature decision. Accounts of this meeting vary greatly. All agree that during the meeting [[Umar]] declared that [[Abu Bakr]] should be the new leader, and declared his allegiance to Abu Bakr, followed by [[Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah]] and [[Abu Bakr]] became the first [[Muslim]] [[caliph]] with the title '''Khalifa-tul-Rasool'''(''Successor of messenger of Allah'').

After the meeting at [[Saqifah]], the [[Muslim]]s who were not present were asked to submit to [[Abu Bakr]], to give their pledge of allegiance. Most accounts agree that [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]] and his supporters initially refused to submit. After a period of time, whose duration is disputed, the dissidents gave their bay'ah. Whether or not the process involved violence and intimidation, and whether or not [[Ali]] willingly swore allegiance to [[Abu Bakr]] have remained enduring controversies.<br />
The [[Shi'a Islam|Shi'a]] believe that [[Prophet Muhammad]] divinely ordained his cousin and son-in-law, [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]], in accordance with God's command, making Ali and his descendants [[Prophet Muhammad]]'s true [[Caliph|successors]]. The largest denomination in Islam, the [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]s, hold that [[Abu Bakr]] and all [[caliph]]s should be chosen by community consensus, that this method of choosing or electing leaders ''([[Shura]])'' is endorsed by the [[Qur'an]].<br />
(''See also'' [[Hadith of the pond of Khumm|Hadiths of Ali's succession]])<br />
(''See also'' [[Hadiths of Abu Bakr's succession]])

==Reign as a Caliph==

After assuming the office of [[Caliphate]] Abu Bakr's first address was as follow:

{{cquote| "I have been given the authority over you, and I am not the best of you. If I do well, help me; and if I do wrong, set me right. Sincere regard for truth is loyalty and disregard for truth is treachery. The weak amongst you shall be strong with me until I have secured his rights, if God will; and the strong amongst you shall be weak with me until I have wrested from him the rights of others, if God will. Obey me so long as I obey God and His Messenger. But if I disobey God and His Messenger, ye owe me no obedience. Arise for your prayer, God have mercy upon you."}}

Abu Bakr's Caliphate lasted for two years three months. During which he crush the rebillion in Arab tribes through out Arabia in successful [[Ridda Wars|campaign against Apostasy]]. He lunched campaign against the [[Sassanid]] [[Persian Empire]] and [[Eastern Roman Empire]] and thus set in motion a historical trajectory that in just a few short decades would lead to one of the [[List of largest empires|largest empires in history]]. He got little time to pay attention to the administration of state, though the state affairs remian alright during his Caliphate. On the advise of [[Umar]] and [[Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah]] he agreed to have a salery from state treasury and abolish his business of cloth trade.

===Ridda Wars===

{{main|Ridda wars}}

Troubles emerged soon after [[Abu Bakr]]'s succession, threatening the unity and stability of the new community and state. The chief cause of the apostasy was lack of true faith. Most of the tribes, converted in the ninth and tenth years of the [[Hijra]], had taken to [[Islam]] for political reasons. The [[apostasy]] had become so general that it affected every [[tribe]] in [[Arabia]] with the exception of the people in [[Makkah]] and [[Madinah]] and the [[tribe]] of Thaqeef at [[Taif]]. In some cases the entire tribe apostatised. In other cases part of the tribe apostatised while part continued to follow the true faith; and among those who remained [[Muslim]]s, many had to pay with their lives for their faith. Some withheld the ''[[zakat]]'', the alms tax, though they did not otherwise challenge Islam. Many tribal leaders made claims to prophethood, most prominent was [[Musaylima]]. The tribes claimed that they had submitted to [[Prophet Mohammad]] and that with [[Prophet Mohammad]]'s death, their allegiance was ended. [[Abu Bakr]] insisted that they had not just submitted to a leader but joined the [[Muslim]] religious community, of which he was the new head. [[Apostasy]] is a capital offense under traditional interpretations of [[Islamic law]], and [[Abu Bakr]] declared [[war]] on the rebels. This was the start of the ''[[Ridda wars]]'' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]] for the Wars of Apostasy). The [[apostasy]] of [[central]] [[Arabia]] was led by self-proclaimed prophet [[Musaylima]], while the other centers were to the south and east in [[Bahrain]], [[Oman]], [[Mahra Sultanate|Mahra]] and [[Yemen]]. [[Abu Bakr]] planned his strategy accordingly. He formed the Muslim army into 11 corps. The strongest corps, and this was the main punch of the [[Muslim]]s army, was the corps of [[Khalid ibn Walid]].  This was used to fight the most powerful of the rebel forces. Other corps were given areas of secondary importance in which to bring the less dangerous apostate tribes. [[Abu Bakr]]'s plan was first to clear the area of [[West]] and  [[Central]] [[Arabia]] (the area nearest [[Madinah]]), then tackle [[Malik ibn Nuwayrah]], and finally concentrate against the most dangerous enemy [[Musaylima]]. After series of sucessfull campaigns [[Khalid ibn Walid]] finally defeated [[Musaylima]] in the [[Battle of Yamama]].<ref>Tabari: Vol. 2, p. 518</ref> The Campaign of the [[Apostasy]] was fought and completed during the eleventh year of the [[Hijri]]. The year [[12]] [[Hijri]] dawned, on [[March]] [[18]], [[633]], with [[Arabia]] united under the central authority of the [[Caliph]] at [[Madinah]].

====Shia view====

The [[Shi'a Muslim]]s belive that, although there were some people that took the opportunity to proclaim themselves as prophets, the majority of people who battled against [[Abu Bakr]] were people who expected [[Ali]] to be the next [[Caliph]],{{Citation needed}} since they claimed to have heard [[Prophet Muhammad]] express this wish at the [[Hadith of the two weighty things]]. According to Shi'a views Abu Bakr sent [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]] to kill, loot and slaughter the particians of Ali.<ref>[[Aqa Mahdi Puya]] [[tafsir]] of verse 4:94 on [[al-Islam.org]] [http://www.al-islam.org/quran/process.asp?tAliCommentary=on&Sura=4&SavedSura=1&fAya=1&tAya=176&searchText=&arabicdisplay=windows]</ref> and Thus claim that [[Abu Bakr]] violated [[Prophet Muhammad]]'s direct orders and orchestrated a [[coup d'état]].

==The ''Qur'an''==

{{main|Origin and development of the Qur'an}}

Abu Bakr was instrumental in preserving it in written form. It is said that after the hard-won victory over [[Musailimah]] in the [[Battle of Yamama]] fought in 632 A.D, [[Umar ibn al-Khattab]] (the later ''Caliph'' Umar), saw that many of the Muslims who had memorized the ''Qur'an'' from the lips of Muhammad had died in battle. Abu Bakr made a commite which included the memorizers of Quran, including [[Umar]] and [[Zayd ibn Thabit]] to oversee the collection of the revelations. The record, when completed, were collected in the form of a book. After the death of Abu Bakr that Quran goes to [[Umar]] and after his death it was deposited with [[Hafsa bint Umar]], daughter of [[Umar]], and one of the wives of [[Muhammad]]. Later it became the basis of [[Uthman ibn Affan]]'s definitive text of the ''Qur'an''. However, other historians give Uthman the principal credit for collecting and preserving the ''Qur'an''. Shi'as strongly refute the idea that Abu Bakr or Umar were instrumental in the collection or preservation of the ''Qur'an'', rather that they refused to accept Ali's Qur'an.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Quran compiled by Imam Ali (AS) | work=Al-Islam.org | url=http://al-islam.org/encyclopedia/chapter8/4.html | accessdate=2007-01-12}}</ref>

===Military expansion===

Once the rebellions had been put down, [[Abu Bakr]] began a [[war]] of conquest. Whether or not he intended a full-out imperial conquest is hard to say; he did, however, set in motion a historical trajectory that in just a few short decades would lead to one of the [[List of largest empires|largest empires in history]]. [[Abu Bakr]] began with [[Iraq]], the richest province of [[Persian empire]]. He sent his most brillent general [[Khalid ibn Walid]] to invade the [[Sassanid]] [[Persian empire]].

===Invasion of Sasannid Persian Empire===

{{further|Islamic conquest of Persia}}

After the [[Ridda Wars|wars of apostasy]], a tribal chief of north eastern [[Arabia]] along with Persian frontier Misnah ibn Haris raided the [[Persian]] towns in [[Iraq]]. With the success in raids a considerable amount of booty was collected. Misnah ibn Haris went to [[Madinah]] to inform Caliph [[Abu Bakr]] about his success, Abu bakr appoinyed him commander of his people and he begun to raid [[Iraq]] even deeper. Using the mobility of his [[Light cavalry]] he could easy raid any town near [[desert]] and with in moments could disappear again in to the desert, [[Sassanid army]] was unable to chase them in desert. Misnah’s this act made [[Abu Bakr]] to think about the expansion of the [[Islamic empire]].<ref>Tabari: Vol. 2, p. 554.</ref>
Abu Bakr started with the invasion of [[Iraq]]. The problems faced by [[Abu Bakr]] were that the the [[Arab]]s feared the [[Persian]]s with a deep, unreasoning fear which ran in the tribal consciousness as a racial complex and was the result of centuries of Persian power and glory. In return the Persian regarded the Arab with contempt. It was important not to suffer a defeat, for that would confirm and strengthen this instinctive fear. To make certain of victory, Abu Bakr decided on two measures that the invading army would consist entirely of volunteers; and he put in command of the army his best general [[Khalid ibn Walid]]. After defeating the self-proclaimed prophet [[Musailima]] in the [[Battle of Yamama]] Khalid was still at Yammama district when Abu Bakr sent him orders to invade the [[Sassanid]] [[Persian Empire]]. Making [[Hira]] the objective of Khalid, Abu Bakr sent reinforcement and ordered the tribal chiefs of north eastern Arabia Misnah ibn Haris, Mazhur bin Adi, Harmala and Sulma to operate under the command of Khalid along with there men. In about third week of [[March]] [[633]] [[A.D]] ( first week of [[Muharram]] [[12]]th [[Hijrah]]) Khalid set out from yammama with an army of 10,000 (strong).<ref>Tabari: Vol. 2, p. 554.</ref>
The tribal chiefs with there warriors’ 2000 each joined Khalid; Thus Khalid entered the Persian Empire with 18,000 troops.

After entering [[Iraq]] ([[Mesopotamia]]) with his army of 18,000, Khalid won decisive victories in four consecutive battles: [[Battle of Chains]], fought in April 633 CE; [[Battle of River]], fought in the 3rd week of April 633 CE; [[Battle of Walaja]], fought in May 633 CE (where he successfully used a [[Pincer movement|double envelopment]] manoeuvre), and [[Battle of Ullais]], fought in the mid of May, 633 CE.<ref>http://www.swordofallah.com/html/bookchapter20page1.htm</ref> By now the Persian court was down and out. In the last week of May 633 CE, the capital city of Iraq [[Hira]] fell to the Muslims after resistance in the [[Battle of Hira]].<ref>http://www.swordofallah.com/html/bookchapter21page1.htm</ref> Thereafter the [[Battle of Al-Anbar|Siege of Al-Anbar]] during [[June]]-[[July]] 633 A.D resulted in surrender of the city after strong resistance. Khalid then moved towards the south, and conquered the city of Ein ul Tamr after the [[Battle of ein-ul-tamr]] in the last week of July, 633 CE. By now, almost the whole of Iraq was under Islamic control.<ref>http://www.swordofallah.com/html/bookchapter22page1.htm</ref> Khalid got a call of help from northern Arabia at daumat-ul-jandal, where another Muslim Arab general, Ayaz bin Ghanam, was trapped among the rebel tribes. Khalid went to Daumat-ul-jandal and defeated the rebels in the [[Battle of Daumat-ul-jandal]] in the last week of August, 633 CE.<ref>http://www.swordofallah.com/html/bookchapter23page1.htm</ref> Returning from Arabia, he got news of the assembling of a large Persian army. Within a few weeks, he decided to defeat them all separately to avoid the risk of defeat to a large unified Persian army. Four divisions of Persian and [[Christian]] Arab auxiliaries were present at Hanafiz, Zumiel, Sanni and Muzieh.<ref>http://www.swordofallah.com/html/bookchapter24page1.htm</ref> Khalid divided his army in three units, and decided to attack these auxiliaries one by one from three different sides at night, starting from the [[Battle of Muzieh]], then the [[Battle of Sanni]], and finally the [[Battle of Zumail]].<ref>http://www.swordofallah.com/html/bookchapter25page1.htm</ref> In November 633 CE, Khalid defeated those armies in his series of three sided attacks at night. These devastating defeats ended Persian control over Iraq. In December 633 CE, Khalid reached the border city of Firaz, where he defeated the combined forces of the [[Sassanid army|Sassanid Persians]], [[Byzantine army|Byzantine]] [[Roman army|Romans]] and Christian Arabs in the [[Battle of Firaz]].

[[Image:Caliph Abu Bakr's empire at its peak2-mohammad adil rais.PNG|thumb|right|330px|Caliph Abu Bakr's empire at its peak in [[August]] [[634]] [[A.D]].]]

This was the last battle in his conquest of Iraq.<ref>http://www.swordofallah.com/html/bookchapter19page1.htm</ref><ref>http://www.swordofallah.com/html/bookchapter26page1.htm
</ref>

===Invasion of Eastern Roman Empire===

{{further|Byzantine-Arab Wars}}

Caliph Abu Bakr congratulated [[Khalid ibn Walid]] over his victories and gave him a new task to enter the [[Byzantine]] province of [[Syria]] and command Islamic armies there. The Byzantine province of Syria in those days consisted of modern day [[Syria]], [[Jordan]], [[Israel]], the [[Palestinian territories]], [[Lebanon]] and Southern [[Turkey]].<ref>http://www.swordofallah.com/html/bookchapter27page1.htm</ref> Passing through the [[Syrian Desert]], Khalid with his half army of 9000 warriors entered [[Syria]] in June 634 A.D and commanded the 23000 Muslim army present there under the command of 4 generals, [[Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah]], [[Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan]], Sharjeel bin Hosanna and [[Amr ibn al-A'as]].
After only one day of his arrival, Khalid set out for conquest of [[Syria]].
He reached the town of Sawa, and defiant forces present there resisted a bit but later in the evening surrendered the city and agreed to pay tribute. He moved to Aarak city in the same day, and this city too surrendered and agreed to pay tribute.<ref>http://www.swordofallah.com/html/bookchapter28page1.htm</ref> The next day Khalid moved to Tarmad city, which surrendered as well. He moved further and cities of Sakhna and Qadma also surrendered and agree to pay tribute. The next day city of Qarteen and Hawwareen were captured after small [[battle of Qarteen]] and [[battle of Hawareen]]. After dealing with all these cities, Khalid moved towards [[Damascus]], after three days journey he reached a mountain pass, 20 miles from Damascus which is now known as '''Sanita-al-Uqab'''(Uqab pass) after the name of Khalid's army standard. From here he moved away from Damascus towards rest of the Islamic armies which were still near the Syrian-Arabia border. At Maraj-al-Rahab, Khalid defeated a Ghassanid army of Christian Arabs in a short [[Battle of Marj-al-Rahit]]. By now he was moving away from Damascus, the stronghold of Byzantines, and towards the city of [[Basra]]. Khalid reached Basra after 3 days at a time when Sharjeel bin Hassana's 4000 army was fighting the 12000 Roman army.<ref>http://www.swordofallah.com/html/bookchapter29page1.htm</ref>
As soon as Khalid reached there with his 9000 warriors, the Roman army retreated and fortified themselves in the castle. After few days they came out and were defeated in the [[Battle of Basra]] and again retreated to castle and surrendered the city. 130 Muslims died, and by now it was almost mid of July 634 A.D. Muslims soon heard of gathering of 90,000 Roman army at Ajnadayn, after which all the divisions of Muslim army joined Khalid at Ajnadayn on 24 July 634, and the Muslim army became 32,000 in number. Khalid defeated Roman there on 30 July 634 A.D in [[Battle of Ajnadayn]]. After one week Khalid moved to Damascus, and on his way there he defeated another Roman army in the [[battle of Yakosa]] in mid-August 634 A.D. Tomur, the son-in-law of Emperor [[Heraclius]], sent another army to stop Khalid but they too were defeated in the [[battle of Maraj-al-Safar]] on 19 August 634 A.D. The next day Khalid finally reached Damascus and besieged the city for 30 days, having defeated the Roman reinforcement sent by emperor [[Heraclius]] at [[battle of Sanita-al-Uqab]] 20 miles from Damascus. Khalid's forces withstood 3 Roman attacks that tried to break the siege, and finally attacked and conquered the city on 18 September 634 A.D after [[Conquest of Damascus]].<ref>http://www.swordofallah.com/html/bookchapter30page1.htm
</ref> The [[Byzantine army]] was given a deadline of 3 days to go as far as they can, with their families and treasure, or simply agree to stay in Damascus and pay tribute. After the three days deadline was over, the Muslim cavalry under Khalid's command attacked the Roman army by catching up to them using an unknown shortcut at [[battle of Maraj-al-Debaj]]. Abu Bakr died during the [[Conquest of Damascus|siege of Damascus]] and [[Umar]] became the new Caliph. He dismissed his cousin [[Khalid ibn Walid]] from the command and appointed [[Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah]] the new commander in chief of Islamic army in [[Syria]]. Abu Ubaidah got the letter of his appointment and Khalid's dispossal during the siege, but he delayed to unvail the news untill the city was conquered.

==Death==

On [[8]]th of [[August]] [[634]] [[A.D]], Abu Bakr fell sick, and out of this sickness he never recovered. There are two accounts about the sickness of Abu Bakr. One account is that the 8th of August 634 was a cold day, when Abu Bakr took a bath and caught a chill. Another account is that about a year ago, along with some other companions Harith bin Kaladah, and Attab bin Usaid he had eaten some food which was poisoned, and which was to have its effect after a year.
Abu Bakr developed high [[fever]], and was confined to bed. His illness prolonged, and when his condition worsened, he felt that his end was near.
Realizing that his end was drawing near, Abu Bakr felt that he should nominate his successor so that the issue should not be a cause of dissension among the Muslims after his death.<ref>Sidiq-i-Akbar [[Hazrat]] [[Abu Bakr]] : by by Masudul Hasan. Publisher: [[Lahore]] : Ferozsons, 1976.OCLC: 3478821</ref>

[[Image:Tomb in masjid al nabvi-mohammad adil rais.jpg|thumb|right|230px|The hole second from the right gives view of Abu Bakr's grave.]]

He appointed [[Umar]] as his successor after discussing with some companions, among them some favoured the nomination and other disliked it due to the tough nature of [[Umar]].

Abu Bakr thus dictated the testament to [[Uthman ibn Affan]] in the following terms:

{{cquote| "In the name of Most Merciful God. This is the last will and testament of Abu Bakr bin Abu Qahafa, when he is in the last hour of the world, and the first of the next; an hour in which the infidel must believe, the wicked be convinced of their evil ways, I nominate Umar bin al Khattab as my successor. Therefore, hear to him and obey him. If he acts right, confirm his actions. My intentions are good, but I cannot see the future results. However, those who do ill shall render themselves liable to severe account hereafter. Fare you well. May you be ever attended by the Divine favor of blessing."}}.

Abu Bakr next asked [[Ayesha]] as to how many pieces of cloth were used for the coffin of Prophet Mohammad. Ayesha said that three pieces had been used in the [[coffin]] of [[Prophet Mohammad]] . Abu Bakr thereupon desired that for his coffin as well, three pieces should be used.
On monday [[23]]rd of [[August]] [[634]] [[A.D]] Abu Bakr died.
The funeral prayer was led by [[Umar]]. He was buried the same night by the side of the grave of the [[Prophet Mohammad]] in [[Masjid-e-Nabawi]].

===Family===

{{main|Family tree of Abu Bakr}}

Abu Bakr's father name was '''Uthman ibn Amir''' aka ''Abu Quafah'', his mother name '''Salma''' was grand father name was Amir ibn Amr
In history name of his only one brother is mention which is Quafah ibn Uthman.

*From his wife [[Qutaylah bint Abd al-Uzza]] he had his daughter [[Asma bint Abu Bakr]] and son [[`Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr]]
*From his wife [[Um Ruman]] he had his daughter [[Aisha]] and son [[‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr]]
*From his wife [[Asma bint Umais]] he had his daughter [[Umm Khultum bint Abu Bakr]] and son [Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr ]]-''after the death of Abu Bakr, Asma bint Umais married [[Ali]] and moved to his household with her son and daghter.
*From his wife '''Habeebah bint Khaarijah''', He also had a son named '''Qasim ibn Abu Bakr'''.

==Legacy==

Abu Bakr became the [[Caliph]] on the [[8]]th of [[June]] [[632]] C.E. and he died on [[23]]rd [[August]] [[634]] C.E. Though the period of his caliphate covers two years, two months and fifteen days only, but his achivements were remarkable. His glorious trimph in [[Ridda Wars]] and succesful invasions of the two most powerful empires of the time the [[Sassanid]] [[Persian Empire]] and [[Eastern Roman Empire]].
Abu Bakr had the distinction of being the first Caliph in the history of Islam. He was the first Caliph to nominate a successor. He was the only Caliph in the history of Islam who refunded to the state treasury at the time of his death the entire amount of the allowance that he had drawn during the period of his caliphate.
He was the first Muslim ruler to establish Baitul Mal. He was the first Muslim ruler to establish [[crown]] [[pasture]]. He was the first Muslim ruler to establish '[[Ijtihad]]'. 
He have distinction of purchasing the land for [[Masjid-e-Nabawi]]. Accodring to Sunni Muslims, in the matter of virtue, Abu Bakr excelled all other [[Sahaba|companions of the Mohammad]].
Both Abu Bakr and [[Uthman ibn Affan]] had relinquished drinking [[wine]] even in the time before [[Islam]].
He was the foremost [[genealogist]] of the [[Quraysh]] and the best of them at [[interpret]]ing [[dream]]s after [[Muhammad]] according to Ibn Sirin.

===Sunni view===

According to the Sunni account of Abu Bar, he was father in law of [[Prophet Mohammad]] and his daughter [[Ayesha]] was the most beloved wife of Prophet Mohammad. 
Sunni Muslims also consider Abu Bakr as one of [[hadith of the ten promised paradise|the ten Sahaba (companions) for whom Muhammad had testified that they were destined for Paradise]]. He is regarded as Khalifa Rasulullah ''The successor of Messanger of Allah'', and first of the [[Rashidun|Rightly guided caliphs]].

===Shia view===
{{main|Shi'a view of Abu Bakr}}

[[Shia]] have a very unfavorable view of Abu Bakr. They believe he and [[Umar]] conspired to take over power over the [[Muslim]] nation after the death of [[Muhammad]] – a [[coup d'état]] against [[Ali]]. Shi'a do not view Abu Bakr's being [[Hadith of Abu Bakr and Muhammad in the cave|with Muhammad in the cave]] as a meritorious act.

Abu Bakr returned to Medinah after the news of Muhammad's death reached him. At that point, Umar stopped threatening people with death if they spread the news of Muhammad's death. While Abu Bakr was in the house where Muhammad's body was kept, accompanied with the rest of Banu Hashim, [[Umar]] informed him of the meeting of Saqifah.

Shi'a believe that Abu Bakr leaving the house without informing anyone of the meeting, proves that he went there in bad faith.

Shi'a criticize Abu Bakr for the dispute between him and [[Mohammad]]'s daughter [[Fatima Zahra|Fatimah]] that ended with Fatimah becoming angry with Abu Bakr and refusing to talk with him for the rest of her life, she died six months later.

Shia belive that Abu Bakr sent [[Khalid ibn Walid]] to crush those who were in favour of [[Ali]]'s caliphate.

Shi'as strongly refute the idea that Abu Bakr or Umar were instrumental in the collection or preservation of the ''Qur'an'', rather that they refused to accept Ali's Qur'an.<ref>http://al-islam.org/encyclopedia/chapter8/4.html</ref>

===Non-Muslims view===

Edward Gibbon wrotes about Abu Bakr as:
{{cquote| "The moderation, and the veracity of Abu Bakr confirmed the new religion,<ref>Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire</ref> and furnished an example for invitation.}}

Willaim Muir states that:
{{cquote| "Abu Bakr's judgment was sound and impartial; his conversation agreeable and his demeanor affable and much sought after by the Quraish and he was popular throughout the city.... The faith of Abu Bakr was the greatest guarantee of the sincerity of Muhammad in the beginning of his career, and indeed, in a modified sense, throughout his life.<ref>Life of Muhammad</ref> To have such a person as a staunch adherent of his claim, was for Muhammad a most important step."}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Succession to Muhammad]]
*[[Sahaba]]
*[[Umar]]
*[[Uthman]]
*[[Ali]]
*[[Rashidun Caliphate|Rashidun Caliphs]]

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
Sunni:
*[http://www.sunnah.org/publication/khulafa_rashideen/caliph1.htm Detailed Life of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq]
*[http://www.anwary-islam.com/companion/abu_bakr_siddiq.htm Abu Bakr's life]
*[http://naqshbandi.org/chain/2.htm Naqshbandi-Haqqani Sufi Order biography of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq]
*[http://www.quransunnah.com/modules.php?name=Lectures&d_op=savelink2&lid=812 Greatness of Abu Bakr] Urdu Audio
*[http://www.quransunnah.com/modules.php?name=Lectures&d_op=savelink2&lid=112 Virtues of Abu Bakr] Urdu Audio
*[http://www.searchtruth.com/searchHadith.php?keyword=abu+bakr&translator=2&search=1&book=&start=0&records_display=100&search_word=exact Abu Bakr appearing in Narrations/Hadith recorded by Imam Bukhari] - www.SearchTruth.com

Non-Muslim:
*[http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/a/abubakr219687.html quotes]
*[http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/caliphate/abuBakr.html Abu Bakr]

Unclassified:
*[http://www.ymofmd.com/books/abas/chapter2.htm Abu Bakr]
*[http://www.islamonline.net/English/NewHijriYear/HijrahHeroes/1426/04.shtml Abu Bakr from Islamonline]
*[http://www.lailahailallah.net/Khutbahs/Khutbah17.asf  Sirah of Abu Bakr (Radia'Allahuanhu) Part 1] by   Shaykh Sayyed Muhammad bin Yahya Al-Husayni Al-Ninowy.

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Banu Taim]]| 573||August 23|634|[[Banu Quraish]]}}
{{s-rel|su}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Muhammad]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Caliphate|Rashidun Caliph]]|years=[[632]] &ndash; [[634]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Umar ibn al-Khattab|Umar]]}}
{{end}}

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