Line of Control: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
Merged from Pakistan-administered Kashmir per Talk:Azad Kashmir#Merger proposal |
||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
Another cease-fire line, one that separates the Indian-controlled state of Jammu and Kashmir from the Chinese-controlled area known as [[Aksai Chin]], lies further to the east and is known as the [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC). |
Another cease-fire line, one that separates the Indian-controlled state of Jammu and Kashmir from the Chinese-controlled area known as [[Aksai Chin]], lies further to the east and is known as the [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC). |
||
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Kargil.jpg|thumb|left|220px|[[Kargil]] picturing the Line of Control. On the left of the LOC is India, Pakistan is to the right.]] --> |
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Kargil.jpg|thumb|left|220px|[[Kargil]] picturing the Line of Control. On the left of the LOC is India, Pakistan is to the right.]] --> |
||
==Pakistani and Indian positions== |
|||
===Pakistani position=== |
|||
[[Image:NWIndianEmpireReligions1909.jpg|thumb|right|Predominant Religions in NW British India 1909]] |
|||
The [[Pakistan Declaration]] of 1933 had envisioned the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir as one of the "five Northern units of India" that were to form the new nation of Pakistan, on the basis of its Muslim majority. India has a different perspective on this interpretation. |
|||
=== Indian position === |
|||
[[Image:Divisions of India and Pakistan, 1950.jpg|thumb|right|Post 1947 India's position]] |
|||
Maharaja Hari Singh, King of [[Kashmir and Jammu|the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir]] agreed to [[Governor-General of India|Governor-General]] [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Mountbatten's]]<ref>Viscount Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of British India, stayed on in independent India from 1947 to 1948, serving as the first Governor-General of the Union of India.</ref><ref name="stein">Stein, Burton. 1998. ''A History of India''. Oxford University Press. 432 pages. ISBN 0195654463. Page 368.</ref> suggestion to sign the [[Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)|Instrument of Accession]] India demanded accession in return for assistance. India claimed that the whole territory of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir had become Indian territory (India's official posture) due to the accession , it claims the whole region including Azad Kashmir territory as its own. |
|||
== Indian Kashmir barrier fencing == |
== Indian Kashmir barrier fencing == |
||
Revision as of 18:26, 7 January 2012
 | This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. (May 2009) |
34°56′N 76°46′E / 34.933°N 76.767°E
The term Line of Control (LOC) refers to the military control line between the Indian and Pakistani-controlled parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir—a line which, to this day, does not constitute a legally recognized international boundary but is the de facto border. Originally known as the "Cease-fire Line", it was redesignated as the "Line of Control" following the Simla Agreement, which was signed on 3 July 1972. The part of the former princely state that is under Indian control is known as the State of Jammu and Kashmir. The two parts of the former princely state that are under Pakistani control are known as Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). Its northern most point is known as the NJ9842.
Another cease-fire line, one that separates the Indian-controlled state of Jammu and Kashmir from the Chinese-controlled area known as Aksai Chin, lies further to the east and is known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
Pakistani and Indian positions
Pakistani position
The Pakistan Declaration of 1933 had envisioned the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir as one of the "five Northern units of India" that were to form the new nation of Pakistan, on the basis of its Muslim majority. India has a different perspective on this interpretation.
Indian position
Maharaja Hari Singh, King of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir agreed to Governor-General Mountbatten's[1][2] suggestion to sign the Instrument of Accession India demanded accession in return for assistance. India claimed that the whole territory of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir had become Indian territory (India's official posture) due to the accession , it claims the whole region including Azad Kashmir territory as its own.
Indian Kashmir barrier fencing
The Indian Kashmir barrier is a 550 km (340 mi) separation barrier along the 740 km (460 mi) disputed 1972 Line of Control (or ceasefire line). The fence, constructed by India, generally remains about 150 yards on the Indian-controlled side. Its stated purpose is to exclude arms smuggling and infiltration by Pakistani-based separatist militants.[3]
The barrier itself consists of double-row of fencing and concertina wire eight to twelve feet (2.4–3.7 m) in height, and is electrified and connected to a network of motion sensors, thermal imaging devices and alarms in stretches where power supply is available. The small stretch of land between the rows of fencing is mined with thousands of landmines.[4]
The construction of the barrier was begun in the 1990s, but slowed in the early 2000s as hostilities between India and Pakistan increased. After a November 2003 ceasefire agreement, building resumed and was completed in late 2004. LoC fencing was completed in Kashmir Valley and Jammu region on 30 September 2004.[5] According to Indian military sources, the fence has reduced by 80% the numbers of militants who routinely cross into the Indian side of the disputed state to attack soldiers.[6]
Pakistan has objected to the construction of the barrier, saying it violates both bilateral accords and relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions on the region.[7] In Pakistan's view the border between Jammu and Kashmir is undemarcated and border fencing is not allowed.
See also
- Wagah international border crossing between India and Pakistan
- Indo-Bangladeshi barrier
- Line of Actual Control
- Kashmir conflict
- Actual Ground Position Line
- Wakhan
References
- ^ Viscount Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of British India, stayed on in independent India from 1947 to 1948, serving as the first Governor-General of the Union of India.
- ^ Stein, Burton. 1998. A History of India. Oxford University Press. 432 pages. ISBN 0195654463. Page 368.
- ^ "cross-border infiltration and terrorism"
- ^ "Mines of war maim innocents". Tehelka.
- ^ "LoC fencing completed: Mukherjee". The Times Of India. 16 December 2004.
- ^ "Harsh weather likely to damage LoC fencing". Daily Times. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- ^ http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=26872
Further reading
- Ranjan Kumar Singh, Sarhad: Zero Mile, (Hindi), Parijat Prakashan, ISBN 81-903561-0-0