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'''Vilnija''' is a [[Lithuania]]n political organization, considered by some to be an [[extremist]]<ref name="Mudde">{{en icon}} {{cite book | author =Cas Mudde | coauthors = | title =Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe | year =2005 | editor = | pages =151 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =[[Routledge|Routledge (UK)]] | location =London | id =ISBN 0415355931 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=YB-ZwiBf5HgC&pg=RA9-PA151&lpg=RA9-PA151&ots=wmhEhEojjt&sig=sJCh55Q77TuGYf4gfM5gbZm2DHg | format = | accessdate = }}</ref><ref name="GW_2001">[{{pl icon}} [[Gazeta Wyborcza]], 2001-02-14, ''[http://serwisy.gazeta.pl/swiat/1,34175,151474.html Litewska prokuratura przesłuchuje weteranów AK''] (Lithuanian prosecutor questioning AK veterans), last accessed on [[7 June]] 2006]</ref><ref name="Vilkas">Leonardas Vilkas, [http://www.darski.info/?darski=kraje&go=estonia_elali LITEWSKA, ŁOTEWSKA I ESTOŃSKA DROGA DO NIEPODLEGŁOŚCI I DEMOKRACJI: PRÓBA PORÓWNANIA ] (Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian Way to Independence: An Attempt to Compare], on homepage of Jerzy Targalski, professor of [[University of Warsaw]]</ref> and [[nationalist]]ic<ref name="Zakorzenianie">{{en icon}} {{cite web | author=Karolina Bielenin, dr Jarosław Tomasiewicz | title=Polish Minority in Lithuania | publisher=Stowarzyszenie na rzecz Wielości Kultur | year= | work=zaKORZENIEnie | url=http://zakorzenianie.most.org.pl/english/04.htm | accessdate=2007-01-13 }}</ref><ref name="Cieplak">{{pl icon}} {{cite web | author=Paweł Cieplak | title=Polsko-litewskie stosunki (Polish-Lithuanian affairs) | publisher= | year= | work=Lithuanian Portal | url=http://www.ambasada.lt/Default.asp?DL=P&TopicID=294 | accessdate=2007-01-13 }}</ref><ref name="Zuchowicz">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Katarzyna Zuchowicz | year = | month = | title =Pół wieku z polskim słowem (Half a Century With a Polish Word) | journal =[[Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)|Rzeczpospolita]] | volume = | issue =2003-07-16 | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=5682&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=11&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2007-01-13 }}, cited on the official page of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs</ref><ref name="Media_3">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs | year =2006 | month =10 | title ="Ustawa o języku państwowym" (Statue on national language) - commentary on [[Vincas Urbutis]] article "Debaty nad ustawą o języku (Debates on the Language Act) " in [[Lietuvos Aidas]], 04 – 07.10 | journal =Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland) | volume =XV | issue =200/37062 | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=9370&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=8&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2006-01-20 }}</ref> entity. The organization was formed in 1988, and its primary aim was the [[Lithuanization]] of [[Poles]] living in the Eastern part of [[Lithuania]]. The organization was formed of [[ethnic Lithuanians]] by [[Romualdas Ozolas]]<ref name="Vilkas"/> and has been led for many years by [[Kazimieras Garšva]].<ref name="GW_2001"/><ref name="Media_3"/><ref name="Media_4"/> Its beliefs, elaborated in a monograph by Garšva<ref name="Garszwa">{{lt icon}} {{cite book | author =[[Kazimieras Garšva]] | coauthors = | title =Pietryciu Lietuvos autonomijos klausimai (Questions on the Autonomy of South-Eastern Lithuania) | year =1990 | editor = | pages = | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =Eksperimentines Technikos | location =Chicago | id = | url = | format = | accessdate = }}</ref>, were based on their position that the [[Polish minority in Lithuania]] were in fact [[Polonization|Polonized]] [[Lithuanians]] and that their true identity had been erased by years of foreign occupation<ref name="Budryte">{{en icon}} {{cite book | author =[[Dovile Budryte]] | coauthors = | title =Taming Nationalism?: Political Community Building in the Post-Soviet Baltic States | year =2005 | editor = | pages =147-148 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =Ashgate Publishing | location =Aldershot | id =ISBN 0754637573 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=UJMzpeUHkQcC&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&sig=s8BnP6xV4TGxoLbhZxJ1_9F8FFU#PPA148,M1 | format = | accessdate = }}</ref>. Although Polonization of Vilnius region is proven<ref> Turska H. O powstaniu polskich obszarow językowych na Wilenszczyznie. Wilno, 1939 </ref> and it is known that many people who speak special Belarusian dialect "po prostu", tuteishians, consider themselves to be Poles<ref> V. Čekmonas, L. Grumadaitė "Kalbų paplitimas Rytų Lietuvoje" ["The distribution of languages in eastern Lithuania"], in Lietuvos rytai; straipsnių rinkinys [The east of Lithuania; the collection of articles]; Vilnius 1993. [[ISBN 9986-09-002-4]] ] </ref>, Polish [[extremists]] have stated that Poles live here "for ages" ("od wieków"). This came up mostly in the aftermath of politics and attendant self worth declining of tuteishians, who continue to be Polonized. To counter this situation, the organization proposed that they should be brought back to their Lithuanian roots by removing any trace of alien (that is, Polish or Russian) textbooks, teachers, symbols and traditions<ref name="Budryte"/>. The organization's goal is also to counter perceived growing Polish influence in Lithuania, which Vilnija sees as a threat to that nation. <ref name="Budryte"/>
'''Vilnija''' is a [[Lithuania]]n political organization, considered by some to be an [[extremist]]<ref name="Mudde">{{en icon}} {{cite book | author =Cas Mudde | coauthors = | title =Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe | year =2005 | editor = | pages =151 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =[[Routledge|Routledge (UK)]] | location =London | id =ISBN 0415355931 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=YB-ZwiBf5HgC&pg=RA9-PA151&lpg=RA9-PA151&ots=wmhEhEojjt&sig=sJCh55Q77TuGYf4gfM5gbZm2DHg | format = | accessdate = }}</ref><ref name="GW_2001">[{{pl icon}} [[Gazeta Wyborcza]], 2001-02-14, ''[http://serwisy.gazeta.pl/swiat/1,34175,151474.html Litewska prokuratura przesłuchuje weteranów AK''] (Lithuanian prosecutor questioning AK veterans), last accessed on [[7 June]] 2006]</ref><ref name="Vilkas">Leonardas Vilkas, [http://www.darski.info/?darski=kraje&go=estonia_elali LITEWSKA, ŁOTEWSKA I ESTOŃSKA DROGA DO NIEPODLEGŁOŚCI I DEMOKRACJI: PRÓBA PORÓWNANIA ] (Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian Way to Independence: An Attempt to Compare], on homepage of Jerzy Targalski, professor of [[University of Warsaw]]</ref> and [[nationalist]]ic<ref name="Zakorzenianie">{{en icon}} {{cite web | author=Karolina Bielenin, dr Jarosław Tomasiewicz | title=Polish Minority in Lithuania | publisher=Stowarzyszenie na rzecz Wielości Kultur | year= | work=zaKORZENIEnie | url=http://zakorzenianie.most.org.pl/english/04.htm | accessdate=2007-01-13 }}</ref><ref name="Cieplak">{{pl icon}} {{cite web | author=Paweł Cieplak | title=Polsko-litewskie stosunki (Polish-Lithuanian affairs) | publisher= | year= | work=Lithuanian Portal | url=http://www.ambasada.lt/Default.asp?DL=P&TopicID=294 | accessdate=2007-01-13 }}</ref><ref name="Zuchowicz">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Katarzyna Zuchowicz | year = | month = | title =Pół wieku z polskim słowem (Half a Century With a Polish Word) | journal =[[Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)|Rzeczpospolita]] | volume = | issue =2003-07-16 | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=5682&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=11&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2007-01-13 }}, cited on the official page of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs</ref><ref name="Media_3">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs | year =2006 | month =10 | title ="Ustawa o języku państwowym" (Statue on national language) - commentary on [[Vincas Urbutis]] article "Debaty nad ustawą o języku (Debates on the Language Act) " in [[Lietuvos Aidas]], 04 – 07.10 | journal =Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland) | volume =XV | issue =200/37062 | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=9370&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=8&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2006-01-20 }}</ref> entity. The organization was formed in 1988, and its primary aim was the [[Lithuanization]] of [[ethnic Poles]] living in the Eastern part of [[Lithuania]]. The organization was formed of [[ethnic Lithuanians]] by [[Romualdas Ozolas]]<ref name="Vilkas"/> and has been led for many years by [[Kazimieras Garšva]].<ref name="GW_2001"/><ref name="Media_3"/><ref name="Media_4"/> Its beliefs, elaborated in a monograph by Garšva<ref name="Garszwa">{{lt icon}} {{cite book | author =[[Kazimieras Garšva]] | coauthors = | title =Pietryciu Lietuvos autonomijos klausimai (Questions on the Autonomy of South-Eastern Lithuania) | year =1990 | editor = | pages = | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =Eksperimentines Technikos | location =Chicago | id = | url = | format = | accessdate = }}</ref>, were based on their position that the [[Polish minority in Lithuania]] were in fact [[Polonization|Polonized]] [[Lithuanians]] and that their true identity had been erased by years of foreign occupation<ref name="Budryte">{{en icon}} {{cite book | author =[[Dovile Budryte]] | coauthors = | title =Taming Nationalism?: Political Community Building in the Post-Soviet Baltic States | year =2005 | editor = | pages =147-148 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =Ashgate Publishing | location =Aldershot | id =ISBN 0754637573 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=UJMzpeUHkQcC&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&sig=s8BnP6xV4TGxoLbhZxJ1_9F8FFU#PPA148,M1 | format = | accessdate = }}</ref>. To counter this alleged situation, the organization proposed that they should be brought back to their Lithuanian roots by removing any trace of alien (that is, Polish or Russian) textbooks, teachers, symbols and traditions<ref name="Budryte"/>. The organization's goal is also to counter perceived growing Polish influence in Lithuania, which Vilnija sees as a threat to that nation. <ref name="Budryte"/>


The organization is known for controversial actions and statements. In June 1999, it signed a petition defending [[Aleksandras Lileikis]], the former head of Vilnius branch of [[Lithuanian Security Police]] (a [[Lithuania]]n [[Nazi]]-sponsored collaborationist police force that operated from 1941 to 1944)<ref name="Justice">{{en icon}} {{cite news |author = [[United States Department of Justice]] |url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/news/1996/960626-302crm.htm |title = Court Revokes U.S. Citizenship of Former Security Police Official |date = 1996-06-26 |accessdate = 2006-06-09}}</ref>, accused of [[Holocaust|extermination of Jews]] and [[Collaborationism|collaboration with the Nazis]] during the [[Second World War]].<ref name="Mudde"/> Vilnija has been seen by Polish government and media to often organize or support [[anti-Polish]] actions<ref name="Media_4">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs | year =2006 | month =10 | title ="Antypolski tekst K. Garsvy" (Anti-polish text by K. Garsva)". Commentary on K.Garsva article "Kiedy na Wileńszczyźnie będzie wprowadzone zarządzanie bezpośrednie? (When Vilnius region will have direct self-government?)" in [[Lietuvos Aidas]], 11 -12.10 | journal =Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland) | volume =XV | issue =200/37062 | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=9370&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=8&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2006-01-20 }}</ref><ref name="Cieplak"/><ref name="Vilkas"/> and the academic works of its leader,the philologist [[Kazimieras Garšva]], have been very negatively received by Polish government<ref name="Media_1">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs | year =2005 | month =03 | title ="Armia Krajowa na Litwie - ślepa uliczka historii" - cd. | journal =Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland) | volume =XIV | issue =2539/3292 | pages = | id = | ur =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=4302&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=8&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2006-01-15 }}</ref><ref name="Media_2">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs | year =2004 | month =09 | title =Dr Garsva - prezes nacjonalistycznego stowarzyszenia Vilnija (...) | journal =Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland) | volume =XIII | issue =2409 (3162) | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=4169&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=8&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2006-01-15 }}</ref>, media <ref name="Tygodnik">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author = | year =2005 | month =November | title =Uknuli prowokację | journal =[[Tygodnik Wileńszczyzny]] | volume = | issue = | pages = | id = | url =http://www.tygodnik.lt/200511/aktualia.html | format = | accessdate =2007-01-15 }}</ref><ref name="Mickiewicz">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Robert Mickiewicz | year =2005 | month =03 | title =Antypolski film w litewskiej telewizji | journal =[[Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)|Rzeczpospolita]] | volume =62 | issue =15.03.2005 | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=6122&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=11&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2007-01-15 }}</ref><ref name="Press-review">{{pl icon}} {{cite web | author=various authors | title=Press Review 2005-03-15 | publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland | year=2005 | work=Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs homepage| url=http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=6122&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=11&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | accessdate=2007-01-15 }}</ref>, and on occasion criticized by the Lithuanian government as well<ref name="Media_2"/>.
The organization is known for controversial actions and statements. In June 1999, it signed a petition defending [[Aleksandras Lileikis]], the former head of Vilnius branch of [[Lithuanian Security Police]] (a [[Lithuania]]n [[Nazi]]-sponsored collaborationist police force that operated from 1941 to 1944)<ref name="Justice">{{en icon}} {{cite news |author = [[United States Department of Justice]] |url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/news/1996/960626-302crm.htm |title = Court Revokes U.S. Citizenship of Former Security Police Official |date = 1996-06-26 |accessdate = 2006-06-09}}</ref>, accused of [[Holocaust|extermination of Jews]] and [[Collaborationism|collaboration with the Nazis]] during the [[Second World War]].<ref name="Mudde"/> Vilnija has been known to often organize or support [[anti-Polish]] actions<ref name="Media_4">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs | year =2006 | month =10 | title ="Antypolski tekst K. Garsvy" (Anti-polish text by K. Garsva)". Commentary on K.Garsva article "Kiedy na Wileńszczyźnie będzie wprowadzone zarządzanie bezpośrednie? (When Vilnius region will have direct self-government?)" in [[Lietuvos Aidas]], 11 -12.10 | journal =Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland) | volume =XV | issue =200/37062 | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=9370&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=8&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2006-01-20 }}</ref><ref name="Cieplak"/><ref name="Vilkas"/> and the academic works of its leader,the philologist [[Kazimieras Garšva]], have been very negatively received by Polish government<ref name="Media_1">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs | year =2005 | month =03 | title ="Armia Krajowa na Litwie - ślepa uliczka historii" - cd. | journal =Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland) | volume =XIV | issue =2539/3292 | pages = | id = | ur =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=4302&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=8&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2006-01-15 }}</ref><ref name="Media_2">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs | year =2004 | month =09 | title =Dr Garsva - prezes nacjonalistycznego stowarzyszenia Vilnija (...) | journal =Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland) | volume =XIII | issue =2409 (3162) | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=4169&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=8&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2006-01-15 }}</ref>, media <ref name="Tygodnik">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author = | year =2005 | month =November | title =Uknuli prowokację | journal =[[Tygodnik Wileńszczyzny]] | volume = | issue = | pages = | id = | url =http://www.tygodnik.lt/200511/aktualia.html | format = | accessdate =2007-01-15 }}</ref><ref name="Mickiewicz">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Robert Mickiewicz | year =2005 | month =03 | title =Antypolski film w litewskiej telewizji | journal =[[Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)|Rzeczpospolita]] | volume =62 | issue =15.03.2005 | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=6122&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=11&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2007-01-15 }}</ref><ref name="Press-review">{{pl icon}} {{cite web | author=various authors | title=Press Review 2005-03-15 | publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland | year=2005 | work=Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs homepage| url=http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=6122&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=11&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | accessdate=2007-01-15 }}</ref>, and on occasion criticized by the Lithuanian government as well<ref name="Media_2"/>.



==The conception of the "Vilnija"==
==The conception of the "Vilnija"==
Line 10: Line 9:
{{Grammar}}
{{Grammar}}
*About Polish autonomists in Vilnius. Vilnija stresses the activity of Polish autonomists who illegaly attempted to fix political autonomy of Poles in 1991, May 22, and says that these politicians are still in authority in the [[Election Action of Lithuania's Poles]] holding dictate in the districts with Polish majority.
*About Polish autonomists in Vilnius. Vilnija stresses the activity of Polish autonomists who illegaly attempted to fix political autonomy of Poles in 1991, May 22, and says that these politicians are still in authority in the [[Election Action of Lithuania's Poles]] holding dictate in the districts with Polish majority.
*About Polonization of Vilnius region. As Polonization of Lithuania which has mostly affected Vilnius region are proven<ref> Turska H. O powstaniu polskich obszarow językowych na Wilenszczyznie. Wilno, 1939 </ref> Vilnija builds upon this and considers most Poles of Vilnius neighbourhood to be of multi-ethnic descent. For Vilnija goes further to politics – brings talking about modern-day Polonization and doesn't agree most Poles of Vilnius to be ethnic Poles – it is considered by some to be an extremist<ref> Cas Mudde (2005). [http://books.google.com/books?id=YB-ZwiBf5HgC&pg=RA9-PA151&lpg=RA9-PA151&ots=wmhEhEojjt&sig=sJCh55Q77TuGYf4gfM5gbZm2DHg ''Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe''] </ref> organization.
*About Polonization of Vilnius region. As Polonization of Lithuania which has mostly affected Vilnius region are proven{{Fact}} Vilnija builds upon this and considers most Poles of Vilnius neighbourhood to be of multi-ethnic descent. For Vilnija goes further to politics – brings talking about modern-day Polonization and doesn't agree most Poles of Vilnius to be ethnic Poles – it is considered to be an extremist<ref> Cas Mudde (2005). [http://books.google.com/books?id=YB-ZwiBf5HgC&pg=RA9-PA151&lpg=RA9-PA151&ots=wmhEhEojjt&sig=sJCh55Q77TuGYf4gfM5gbZm2DHg ''Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe''] </ref> organization.
Vilnija accents nationalistic nature of the [[Election Action of Lithuania's Poles]]. [[Kazimieras Garšva]] says: "After the plan of the establishment, reorganization, liquidation and reformation of the internal structure of the schools to 2012 year, it can be seen that [[Election Action of Lithuania's Poles]] administering [[Vilnius district municipality]] apparently progresses to the programme of the further strengthening of the Polish schools and quick removal of the Lithuanian schools".<ref name="Delfi"> [http://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/education/article.php?id=10398981 The problems of the schools of Vilnius region shouldered the minister] www.delfi.lt </ref> According to him the Lithuanian [[primary school]] of [[Glitiškės]] with 28 pupils was attached not to the Lithuanian [[middle school]] of [[Glitiškės]], but to the Polish school with 5 pupils and Polish [[school principal]] were assigned. The [[middle school]] of Parudaminis with 46 pupils studying in Lithuanian and 46 in Polish was atached not to the Lithuanian school in Juodšiliai, but to the Polish one.
Vilnija accents nationalistic nature of the [[Election Action of Lithuania's Poles]]. [[Kazimieras Garšva]] says: "After the plan of the establishment, reorganization, liquidation and reformation of the internal structure of the schools to 2012 year, it can be seen that [[Election Action of Lithuania's Poles]] administering [[Vilnius district municipality]] apparently progresses to the programme of the further strengthening of the Polish schools and quick removal of the Lithuanian schools".<ref name="Delfi"> [http://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/education/article.php?id=10398981 The problems of the schools of Vilnius region shouldered the minister] www.delfi.lt </ref> According to him the Lithuanian [[primary school]] of [[Glitiškės]] with 28 pupils was attached not to the Lithuanian [[middle school]] of [[Glitiškės]], but to the Polish school with 5 pupils and Polish [[school principal]] were assigned. The [[middle school]] of Parudaminis with 46 pupils studying in Lithuanian and 46 in Polish was atached not to the Lithuanian school in Juodšiliai, but to the Polish one.


The counterarguments given represent different view, however:<ref> The problems of the schools of Vilnius region shouldered the minister [http://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/education/article.php?id=10398981&com=1 The first commentary] www.delfi.lt </ref> "by the decree of [[Vilnius district municipality]] the [[nursery school]] of Glitiškės (with Lithuanian and Polish languages) was attached to the [[Glitiškės]] [[primary school]] (with Lithuanian and Polish languages). There where no potential to have the school attached to the [[middle school]] in [[Glitiškės]] because of its subordination to other constitutor (the administraton of [[Vilnius County]]). The school principal assigned was the only person having entered the competition. There were no request to study in Lithuanian in the first [[grade level]] in 2004-2005 here."{{fact}}
The counterarguments given represent different view, however:<ref> The problems of the schools of Vilnius region shouldered the minister [http://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/education/article.php?id=10398981&com=1 The first commentary] www.delfi.lt </ref> "by the decree of [[Vilnius district municipality]] the [[nursery school]] of Glitiškės (with Lithuanian and Polish languages) was attached to the [[Glitiškės]] [[primary school]] (with Lithuanian and Polish languages). There where no potential to have the school attached to the [[middle school]] in [[Glitiškės]] because of its subordination to other constitutor (the administraton of [[Vilnius County]]). The school principal assigned was the only person having entered the competition. There were no request to study in Lithuanian in the first [[grade level]] in 2004-2005."{{fact}}


==Notes and references==
==Notes and references==

Revision as of 17:43, 26 January 2007

Vilnija is a Lithuanian political organization, considered by some to be an extremist[1][2][3] and nationalistic[4][5][6][7] entity. The organization was formed in 1988, and its primary aim was the Lithuanization of ethnic Poles living in the Eastern part of Lithuania. The organization was formed of ethnic Lithuanians by Romualdas Ozolas[3] and has been led for many years by Kazimieras Garšva.[2][7][8] Its beliefs, elaborated in a monograph by Garšva[9], were based on their position that the Polish minority in Lithuania were in fact Polonized Lithuanians and that their true identity had been erased by years of foreign occupation[10]. To counter this alleged situation, the organization proposed that they should be brought back to their Lithuanian roots by removing any trace of alien (that is, Polish or Russian) textbooks, teachers, symbols and traditions[10]. The organization's goal is also to counter perceived growing Polish influence in Lithuania, which Vilnija sees as a threat to that nation. [10]


The organization is known for controversial actions and statements. In June 1999, it signed a petition defending Aleksandras Lileikis, the former head of Vilnius branch of Lithuanian Security Police (a Lithuanian Nazi-sponsored collaborationist police force that operated from 1941 to 1944)[11], accused of extermination of Jews and collaboration with the Nazis during the Second World War.[1] Vilnija has been known to often organize or support anti-Polish actions[8][5][3] and the academic works of its leader,the philologist Kazimieras Garšva, have been very negatively received by Polish government[12][13], media [14][15][16], and on occasion criticized by the Lithuanian government as well[13].

The conception of the "Vilnija"

  • About Polish autonomists in Vilnius. Vilnija stresses the activity of Polish autonomists who illegaly attempted to fix political autonomy of Poles in 1991, May 22, and says that these politicians are still in authority in the Election Action of Lithuania's Poles holding dictate in the districts with Polish majority.
  • About Polonization of Vilnius region. As Polonization of Lithuania which has mostly affected Vilnius region are proven[citation needed] Vilnija builds upon this and considers most Poles of Vilnius neighbourhood to be of multi-ethnic descent. For Vilnija goes further to politics – brings talking about modern-day Polonization and doesn't agree most Poles of Vilnius to be ethnic Poles – it is considered to be an extremist[17] organization.

Vilnija accents nationalistic nature of the Election Action of Lithuania's Poles. Kazimieras Garšva says: "After the plan of the establishment, reorganization, liquidation and reformation of the internal structure of the schools to 2012 year, it can be seen that Election Action of Lithuania's Poles administering Vilnius district municipality apparently progresses to the programme of the further strengthening of the Polish schools and quick removal of the Lithuanian schools".[18] According to him the Lithuanian primary school of Glitiškės with 28 pupils was attached not to the Lithuanian middle school of Glitiškės, but to the Polish school with 5 pupils and Polish school principal were assigned. The middle school of Parudaminis with 46 pupils studying in Lithuanian and 46 in Polish was atached not to the Lithuanian school in Juodšiliai, but to the Polish one.

The counterarguments given represent different view, however:[19] "by the decree of Vilnius district municipality the nursery school of Glitiškės (with Lithuanian and Polish languages) was attached to the Glitiškės primary school (with Lithuanian and Polish languages). There where no potential to have the school attached to the middle school in Glitiškės because of its subordination to other constitutor (the administraton of Vilnius County). The school principal assigned was the only person having entered the competition. There were no request to study in Lithuanian in the first grade level in 2004-2005."[citation needed]

Notes and references

In-line:
  1. ^ a b Template:En icon Cas Mudde (2005). Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. London: Routledge (UK). p. 151. ISBN 0415355931. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |chapterurl= and |coauthors= (help)
  2. ^ a b [[[:Template:Pl icon]] Gazeta Wyborcza, 2001-02-14, Litewska prokuratura przesłuchuje weteranów AK (Lithuanian prosecutor questioning AK veterans), last accessed on 7 June 2006]
  3. ^ a b c Leonardas Vilkas, LITEWSKA, ŁOTEWSKA I ESTOŃSKA DROGA DO NIEPODLEGŁOŚCI I DEMOKRACJI: PRÓBA PORÓWNANIA (Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian Way to Independence: An Attempt to Compare], on homepage of Jerzy Targalski, professor of University of Warsaw
  4. ^ Template:En icon Karolina Bielenin, dr Jarosław Tomasiewicz. "Polish Minority in Lithuania". zaKORZENIEnie. Stowarzyszenie na rzecz Wielości Kultur. Retrieved 2007-01-13.
  5. ^ a b Template:Pl icon Paweł Cieplak. "Polsko-litewskie stosunki (Polish-Lithuanian affairs)". Lithuanian Portal. Retrieved 2007-01-13.
  6. ^ Template:Pl icon Katarzyna Zuchowicz. "Pół wieku z polskim słowem (Half a Century With a Polish Word)". Rzeczpospolita (2003-07-16). Retrieved 2007-01-13. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help), cited on the official page of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  7. ^ a b Template:Pl icon Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2006). ""Ustawa o języku państwowym" (Statue on national language) - commentary on [[Vincas Urbutis]] article "Debaty nad ustawą o języku (Debates on the Language Act) " in [[Lietuvos Aidas]], 04 – 07.10". Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland). XV (200/37062). Retrieved 2006-01-20. {{cite journal}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ^ a b Template:Pl icon Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2006). ""Antypolski tekst K. Garsvy" (Anti-polish text by K. Garsva)". Commentary on K.Garsva article "Kiedy na Wileńszczyźnie będzie wprowadzone zarządzanie bezpośrednie? (When Vilnius region will have direct self-government?)" in [[Lietuvos Aidas]], 11 -12.10". Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland). XV (200/37062). Retrieved 2006-01-20. {{cite journal}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ^ Template:Lt icon Kazimieras Garšva (1990). Pietryciu Lietuvos autonomijos klausimai (Questions on the Autonomy of South-Eastern Lithuania). Chicago: Eksperimentines Technikos. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |chapterurl= and |coauthors= (help)
  10. ^ a b c Template:En icon Dovile Budryte (2005). Taming Nationalism?: Political Community Building in the Post-Soviet Baltic States. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 147–148. ISBN 0754637573. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |chapterurl= and |coauthors= (help)
  11. ^ Template:En icon United States Department of Justice (1996-06-26). "Court Revokes U.S. Citizenship of Former Security Police Official". Retrieved 2006-06-09.
  12. ^ Template:Pl icon Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2005). ""Armia Krajowa na Litwie - ślepa uliczka historii" - cd". Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland). XIV (2539/3292). {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |ur= ignored (help)
  13. ^ a b Template:Pl icon Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2004). "Dr Garsva - prezes nacjonalistycznego stowarzyszenia Vilnija (...)". Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland). XIII (2409 (3162)). Retrieved 2006-01-15. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. ^ Template:Pl icon "Uknuli prowokację". Tygodnik Wileńszczyzny. 2005. Retrieved 2007-01-15. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  15. ^ Template:Pl icon Robert Mickiewicz (2005). "Antypolski film w litewskiej telewizji". Rzeczpospolita. 62 (15.03.2005). Retrieved 2007-01-15. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  16. ^ Template:Pl icon various authors (2005). "Press Review 2005-03-15". Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs homepage. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland. Retrieved 2007-01-15.
  17. ^ Cas Mudde (2005). Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe
  18. ^ The problems of the schools of Vilnius region shouldered the minister www.delfi.lt
  19. ^ The problems of the schools of Vilnius region shouldered the minister The first commentary www.delfi.lt
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