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'''''Aplysina fistularis''''', also known as the '''yellow tube sponge''',<ref name="Marine Species Identification Portal"/> is a species of [[sea sponge]] in the order Verongiida.<ref name=WoRMS>{{cite WoRMS |title=''Aplysina fistularis'' (Pallas, 1766) |year=2022 |id=169648 |db=Porifera |access-date=21 April 2022}}</ref> ''Aplysina fistularis'' is a golden or orange-brown color with a conulose surface. The animal is abundant in the Caribbean, where it is commonly found in reefs of open water areas.<ref name="Marine Species Identification Portal">{{cite web |url=http://species-identification.org/species.php?species_group=caribbean_diving_guide&id=436 |title=Yellow tube sponge (''Aplysina fistularis'') |work=Interactive Guide to Caribbean Diving |publisher=Marine Species Identification Portal |accessdate=2012-10-15}}</ref> This sponge was [[Species description|first described]] by the Prussian zoologist [[Peter Simon Pallas]] in 1766.
'''''Aplysina fistularis''''', also known as the '''yellow tube sponge''',<ref name="Marine Species Identification Portal"/> is a species of [[sea sponge]] in the order Verongiida.<ref name=WoRMS>{{cite WoRMS |title=''Aplysina fistularis'' (Pallas, 1766) |year=2022 |id=169648 |db=Porifera |access-date=21 April 2022}}</ref> ''Aplysina fistularis'' is a golden or orange-brown color with a conulose surface. The animal is abundant in the Caribbean, where it is commonly found in reefs of open water areas.<ref name="Marine Species Identification Portal">{{cite web |url=http://species-identification.org/species.php?species_group=caribbean_diving_guide&id=436 |title=Yellow tube sponge (''Aplysina fistularis'') |work=Interactive Guide to Caribbean Diving |publisher=Marine Species Identification Portal |accessdate=2012-10-15}}</ref> This sponge was first described by the Prussian zoologist [[Peter Simon Pallas]] in 1766.


==Description==
==Description==
''Aplysina fistularis'' consists of tube-like structures that arise from a base. Each tube is rarely over {{Convert|30|cm|in}} in clear water but can reach {{Convert|50|cm|in}} in turbid-zone reefs.<ref name="warwick">{{cite web |url=https://coralpedia.bio.warwick.ac.uk/en/sponges/aplysina_fistularis |title=''Aplysina fistularis'' |publisher=Coralpedia (University of Warwick)}}</ref> The sponge has wide [[Osculum|oscula]] and thin walls with ridged surfaces. Unlike the related species ''[[Aplysina insularis]]'', ''A. fistularis'' does not develop rope-like projections around its tubes, although it may show some tendrils branching off of them.<ref name="warwick"/>
''Aplysina fistularis'' consists of one or more yellow tube-like structures that arise from a closed base and are [[Sessility (motility)|sessile]]. The sponge has wide [[Osculum|oscula]] and thin walls with ridged surfaces.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Yellow Tube Sponge |url=https://oceana.org/marine-life/yellow-tube-sponge/ |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=Oceana |language=en-US}}</ref> Each tube is rarely over {{Convert|30|cm|in}} in clear water but can reach {{Convert|50|cm|in}} in turbid-zone reefs. Unlike the related species ''[[Aplysina insularis]]'', ''A. fistularis'' does not develop rope-like projections around its tubes, although it may show some branching tendrils.<ref name="warwick">{{cite web |title=''Aplysina fistularis'' |url=https://coralpedia.bio.warwick.ac.uk/en/sponges/aplysina_fistularis |publisher=Coralpedia (University of Warwick)}}</ref> ''A. fistularis'' does not have a silicate skeletal structure like most sponges, and was used as a [[Sponge (tool)|bath sponge]] before the invention of synthetic sponges.<ref name=":0" />


The primary predator of ''A. fistularis'' is the [[Hawksbill sea turtle|hawksbill turtle]]. <ref name=":0" />
⚫
==In popular culture==
⚫
In ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants (musical)|The SpongeBob Musical]]'', the popular [[animated character]] [[SpongeBob SquarePants (character)|SpongeBob SquarePants]] is revealed to be an ''Aplysina fistularis''.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=[[The SpongeBob Musical]] |date=June 7, 2016 |last=[[Kyle Jarrow]] |type=Broadway musical |language=English |publisher=[[Tina Landau]] |quote=French Narrator: This fruit is home to one of the most fascinating sea creatures of all—''Aplysina fistularis'', the yellow sponge.}}</ref>


== Reproduction ==
== Reproduction ==
''Aplysina fistularis'' can reproduce both sexually, and asexually. Asexual reproduction usually occurs only if a piece of the body is broken off. Newly formed (from sexual or asexual reproduction) require a hard surface to attach to and grow on. If an area is disturbed, the sediment is too loose, or algae cover most hard surfaces the Yellow Tube Sponge may struggle to establish itself, and will not grow.
''Aplysina fistularis'' can reproduce both sexually and [[Asexual reproduction|asexually]]. Asexual reproduction usually occurs only if a piece of the body is broken off. Newly formed sponges require a hard surface to attach to and grow on. If a reef is heavily disturbed, such as being covered by algae or sediment, ''A. fistularis'' may struggle to establish itself and grow.<ref name=":0" />

⚫
==In popular culture==
⚫
In ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants (musical)|The SpongeBob Musical]]'', the popular [[animated character]] [[SpongeBob SquarePants (character)|SpongeBob SquarePants]] is revealed to be an ''Aplysina fistularis''.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=[[The SpongeBob Musical]] |date=June 7, 2016 |last=[[Kyle Jarrow]] |type=Broadway musical |language=English |publisher=[[Tina Landau]] |quote=French Narrator: This fruit is home to one of the most fascinating sea creatures of all—''Aplysina fistularis'', the yellow sponge.}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
*{{Cite web|title=Yellow Tube Sponge|url=https://oceana.org/marine-life/corals-and-other-invertebrates/yellow-tube-sponge|access-date=2021-10-27|website=Oceana|language=en}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Aplysina fistularis|''Aplysina fistularis''}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Aplysina fistularis|''Aplysina fistularis''}}


Revision as of 00:49, 13 December 2022

Aplysina fistularis
Sponge on the sea floor
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Porifera
Class: Demospongiae
Order: Verongiida
Family: Aplysinidae
Genus: Aplysina
Species:
A. fistularis
Binomial name
Aplysina fistularis
(Pallas, 1766)
Synonyms
List
  • Aplysina aggregata Topsent, 1932
  • Spongia fistularis Pallas, 1766
  • Spongia tubaeformis Lamarck, 1814
  • Verongia fistularis (Pallas, 1766)

Aplysina fistularis, also known as the yellow tube sponge,[1] is a species of sea sponge in the order Verongiida.[2] Aplysina fistularis is a golden or orange-brown color with a conulose surface. The animal is abundant in the Caribbean, where it is commonly found in reefs of open water areas.[1] This sponge was first described by the Prussian zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in 1766.

Description

Aplysina fistularis consists of one or more yellow tube-like structures that arise from a closed base and are sessile. The sponge has wide oscula and thin walls with ridged surfaces.[3] Each tube is rarely over 30 centimetres (12 in) in clear water but can reach 50 centimetres (20 in) in turbid-zone reefs. Unlike the related species Aplysina insularis, A. fistularis does not develop rope-like projections around its tubes, although it may show some branching tendrils.[4] A. fistularis does not have a silicate skeletal structure like most sponges, and was used as a bath sponge before the invention of synthetic sponges.[3]

The primary predator of A. fistularis is the hawksbill turtle. [3]

Reproduction

Aplysina fistularis can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Asexual reproduction usually occurs only if a piece of the body is broken off. Newly formed sponges require a hard surface to attach to and grow on. If a reef is heavily disturbed, such as being covered by algae or sediment, A. fistularis may struggle to establish itself and grow.[3]

In The SpongeBob Musical, the popular animated character SpongeBob SquarePants is revealed to be an Aplysina fistularis.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b "Yellow tube sponge (Aplysina fistularis)". Interactive Guide to Caribbean Diving. Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 2012-10-15.
  2. ^ Van Soest RW, Boury-Esnault N, Hooper JN, Rützler K, de Voogd NJ, de Glasby BA, Hajdu E, Pisera AB, Manconi R, Schoenberg C, Janussen D, Tabachnick KR, Klautau M, Picton B, Kelly M, Vacelet J, eds. (2022). "Aplysina fistularis (Pallas, 1766)". World Porifera database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d "Yellow Tube Sponge". Oceana. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  4. ^ "Aplysina fistularis". Coralpedia (University of Warwick).
  5. ^ Kyle Jarrow (June 7, 2016). The SpongeBob Musical (Broadway musical). Tina Landau. French Narrator: This fruit is home to one of the most fascinating sea creatures of all—Aplysina fistularis, the yellow sponge.


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