Medical test: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
Biscuittin (talk | contribs) cat modified |
expanded article; added reference section w 7 references; included image; syntax; added category |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
A '''medical test''' is |
A '''medical test''' is a kind of [[medical procedure]] performed to [[diagnosis|diagnose]], detect, or evaluate [[disease]] and disease processes. A determined course of treatment may follow, based in part on information the tests have provided. |
||
* A [[screening test]] is a simple test used to detect the presence of disease in individuals in a defined population. An example is measuring the level of [[TSH]] in [[blood]] obtained from a newborn [[infant]] as part of [[newborn screening]] for [[congenital hypothyroidism]]. |
|||
[[Image:Roentgen-x-ray-von-kollikers-hand.jpg|thumb|right|200px|X-ray of a hand. X-rays are a common medical test.]] |
|||
* A [[diagnostic test]] disease is a procedure performed to confirm the presence of disease in an individual suspected of having the disease. An example is measuring the [[blood sugar]] in a person suspected of having [[diabetes mellitus]] because of increased [[urination]]. |
|||
<br> |
|||
* A test may be performed to monitor the progress of, or response to [[therapy|medical treatment]], of a disease. An example is a measurement of [[pulmonary function test|forced expiratory volume]] to assess response to treatment of [[asthma]]. |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
==Types of tests== |
|||
* A test may be performed to confirm that a person is free from disease. An example is a [[thyroid scan]] performed after [[surgery]] to remove [[thyroid cancer]]. |
|||
===Diagnostic=== |
|||
A [[diagnostic test]] is a procedure performed to confirm, or determine the presence of disease in an individual suspected of having the disease, usually following the report of symptoms, or based on the results of other medical tests.<ref name="anc">{{cite journal |author=Al-Gwaiz LA, Babay HH |title=The diagnostic value of absolute neutrophil count, band count and morphological changes of neutrophils in predicting bacterial infections |journal=Med Princ Pract. |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=344-347 |year=2007 |pmid=17709921 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.health.harvard.edu/diagnostic-tests/ http://www.health.harvard.edu/diagnostic-tests/]<br>Guide to Diagnostic Tests from Harvard Health</ref> Such tests include: |
|||
*Measuring the [[blood sugar]] in a person suspected of having [[diabetes mellitus]], after periods of increased [[urination]]. |
|||
*Taking a [[complete blood count]] of an individual experiencing a high [[fever]], to check for a [[bacterial infection]].<ref name="anc" /> |
|||
*Monitoring [[electrocardiogram]] readings on a patient suffering [[chest pain]], to diagnose or determine any [[heart]] irregularities.[http://www.health.harvard.edu/diagnostic-tests/electrocardiogram.htm] |
|||
===Screening=== |
|||
A [[screening]] is a medical test or series used to detect or predict the presence of disease in individuals at risk for disease within a defined group, such as a population, family, or workforce.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ratcliffe JM, Halperin WE, Frazier TM, Sundin DS, Delaney L, Hornung RW |title=The prevalence of screening: a report from the National Institute of Occupational Safety and the Health National Occupational Hazard Survey |journal=Journal of Occupational Medicine |volume=28 |issue=10 |pages=906-912 |year=1986 |pmid=3021937 }}</ref> <ref>[http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/medicalsurveillance/screening.html http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/medicalsurveillance/screening.html]<br> |
|||
US Dept. of Labor - Occupational Safety and Health Admin.</ref> Screenings may be performed to monitor disease prevalence, manage epidemiology, aid in prevention, or strictly for statistical purposes.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Murthy LI, Halperin WE |title=Medical Screening and Biological Monitoring: A guide to the literature for physicians |journal=Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=170-184 |year=1995 |pmid=7655958 }}</ref> |
|||
Examples of screenings include measuring the level of [[Thyroid-stimulating hormone|TSH]] in the [[blood]] of a newborn [[infant]] as part of [[newborn screening]] for [[congenital hypothyroidism]],<ref>{{cite journal |author=Moltz KC, Postellon DC |title=Congenital hypothyroidism and mental development |journal=Comprehensive therapy |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=342-346 |year=1994 |pmid=8062543 }}</ref> or checking for [[Lung cancer]] in non-smoking individuals who are exposed to [[Passive smoke|second-hand smoke]] in an unregulated working environment. |
|||
===Evaluation=== |
|||
Some medical tests are used to evaluate the progress of, or response to [[therapy|medical treatment]]. They are also used to monitor the course ([[prognosis]]) of a disease.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Pashapour N, Nikibahksh AA, Golmohammadlou S |title=Urinary tract infection in term neomates with prolonged jaundice |journal=Urol J. |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=912-914 |year=2007 |pmid=17701928 }}</ref> |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
==Risks== |
|||
Some medical testing procedures have health risks, and even require [[general anesthesia]], such as the [[mediastinoscopy]].[http://www.health.harvard.edu/diagnostic-tests/mediastinoscopy.htm] Other tests, such as the [[blood test]] or [[pap smear]] have little to no risks.[http://www.health.harvard.edu/diagnostic-tests/pap-smear.htm] But the benifits of most every medical test usually always outweigh the risks. Consult the physician prescribing any test for further information. |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
*[[ |
*[[Blood test]] |
||
*[[X-rays]] |
|||
*[[Blood culture]] |
|||
*[[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] |
|||
*[[Computed tomography|CAT scan]] |
|||
==References== |
|||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
<br /> |
<br /> |
||
[[Category:Medical tests |
[[Category:Medical tests]] |
||
[[Category:Pathology]] |
|||
Revision as of 01:34, 1 December 2007
A medical test is a kind of medical procedure performed to diagnose, detect, or evaluate disease and disease processes. A determined course of treatment may follow, based in part on information the tests have provided.
Types of tests
Diagnostic
A diagnostic test is a procedure performed to confirm, or determine the presence of disease in an individual suspected of having the disease, usually following the report of symptoms, or based on the results of other medical tests.[1][2] Such tests include:
- Measuring the blood sugar in a person suspected of having diabetes mellitus, after periods of increased urination.
- Taking a complete blood count of an individual experiencing a high fever, to check for a bacterial infection.[1]
- Monitoring electrocardiogram readings on a patient suffering chest pain, to diagnose or determine any heart irregularities.[1]
Screening
A screening is a medical test or series used to detect or predict the presence of disease in individuals at risk for disease within a defined group, such as a population, family, or workforce.[3] [4] Screenings may be performed to monitor disease prevalence, manage epidemiology, aid in prevention, or strictly for statistical purposes.[5]
Examples of screenings include measuring the level of TSH in the blood of a newborn infant as part of newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism,[6] or checking for Lung cancer in non-smoking individuals who are exposed to second-hand smoke in an unregulated working environment.
Evaluation
Some medical tests are used to evaluate the progress of, or response to medical treatment. They are also used to monitor the course (prognosis) of a disease.[7]
Examples of this may include analyzing the arterial blood gasses of an individual, after chest x-rays confirm the presence of a pneumothorax; or, performing a biopsy of a removed tumor to determine the degree of malignancy.
Risks
Some medical testing procedures have health risks, and even require general anesthesia, such as the mediastinoscopy.[2] Other tests, such as the blood test or pap smear have little to no risks.[3] But the benifits of most every medical test usually always outweigh the risks. Consult the physician prescribing any test for further information.
See also
References
- ^ a b Al-Gwaiz LA, Babay HH (2007). "The diagnostic value of absolute neutrophil count, band count and morphological changes of neutrophils in predicting bacterial infections". Med Princ Pract. 16 (5): 344–347. PMID 17709921.
- ^ http://www.health.harvard.edu/diagnostic-tests/
Guide to Diagnostic Tests from Harvard Health - ^ Ratcliffe JM, Halperin WE, Frazier TM, Sundin DS, Delaney L, Hornung RW (1986). "The prevalence of screening: a report from the National Institute of Occupational Safety and the Health National Occupational Hazard Survey". Journal of Occupational Medicine. 28 (10): 906–912. PMID 3021937.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/medicalsurveillance/screening.html
US Dept. of Labor - Occupational Safety and Health Admin. - ^ Murthy LI, Halperin WE (1995). "Medical Screening and Biological Monitoring: A guide to the literature for physicians". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 37 (2): 170–184. PMID 7655958.
- ^ Moltz KC, Postellon DC (1994). "Congenital hypothyroidism and mental development". Comprehensive therapy. 20 (6): 342–346. PMID 8062543.
- ^ Pashapour N, Nikibahksh AA, Golmohammadlou S (2007). "Urinary tract infection in term neomates with prolonged jaundice". Urol J. 4 (2): 912–914. PMID 17701928.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)