Russia–NATO relations: Difference between revisions
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'''NATO-Russian relations''' cover the cooperation between [[NATO]] military alliance and [[Russia]]. |
'''NATO-Russian relations''' cover the cooperation between [[NATO]] military alliance and [[Russia]]. |
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Formal contacts and cooperation between Russia and NATO start in 1991, within the framework of the [[North Atlantic Cooperation Council]] (later re-named [[Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council]]) and are further deepened as Russia joined the [[Partnership for Peace]] programme on June 22nd, 1994 <ref name='Early relations'>[http://www.bits.de/NRANEU/relations.htm Formal NATO-Russia Relations]</ref> |
Formal contacts and cooperation between Russia and NATO start in 1991, within the framework of the [[North Atlantic Cooperation Council]] (later re-named [[Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council]]) and are further deepened as Russia joined the [[Partnership for Peace]] programme on June 22nd, 1994 <ref name='Early relations'>[http://www.bits.de/NRANEU/relations.htm Formal NATO-Russia Relations]</ref> |
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On 27 May, 1997, at [[1997 Paris summit]] of NATO, sides signed a Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security<ref name='Early cooperation Act'>[http://www.nato-russia-council.info/HTM/EN/documents27may97.shtml Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security between NATO and the Russian Federation Paris, 27 May 1997 ]</ref>, a road map for future NATO-Russia cooperation. Both sides state they do not see each other as adversaries, and have political commitment to cooperate at creating "lasting and inclusive" peace in Euro-Atlantic area. |
On 27 May, 1997, at [[1997 Paris summit|1997 Paris summit]] of NATO, sides signed a Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security<ref name='Early cooperation Act'>[http://www.nato-russia-council.info/HTM/EN/documents27may97.shtml Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security between NATO and the Russian Federation Paris, 27 May 1997 ]</ref>, a road map for future NATO-Russia cooperation. Both sides state they do not see each other as adversaries, and have political commitment to cooperate at creating "lasting and inclusive" peace in Euro-Atlantic area. |
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==Russia–NATO Council== |
==Russia–NATO Council== |
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==Russian Flying Patrols== |
==Russian Flying Patrols== |
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In August 2007, Russia began |
In August 2007, Russia began flying patrols over NATO territory. This was the first time since the end of the [[Cold War]] that Russia advanced military forces over NATO territory. The first incident took place on August 10, 2007. A Russian plane squadron consisting of two [[Tu-95]] bombers flew over the [[United States|US]] island of [[Guam]] in the Pacific. US planes scrambled, but no hostile actions were taken.<ref>[http://www.nowpublic.com/russian-bombers-over-us-base-intercepted-us-air-force Russian Bombers Over US Base Intercepted by US Air Force]</ref> |
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The second incident took place on August 17, 2007. Russian President [[Vladamir Putin]] ordered strategic bomber/fighter patrols to resume after 15 years, particularly through neutral international water. The patrols were shadowed by NATO jets.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6950986.stm Russia restarts Cold War patrols]</ref> |
The second incident took place on August 17, 2007. Russian President [[Vladamir Putin]] ordered strategic bomber/fighter patrols to resume after 15 years, particularly through neutral international water. The patrols were shadowed by NATO jets.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6950986.stm Russia restarts Cold War patrols]</ref> |
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Russian patrols continue with incidents that are of high concern to NATO-Russian relations, such as Russian bombers |
Russian patrols continue with incidents that are of high concern to NATO-Russian relations, such as Russian bombers over Alaska<ref name='adn'>[http://www.adn.com/news/alaska/newsreader/story/341626.html Russian bombers over Alaska]</ref> and the Russian bomber that buzzed the US Nimitz aircraft carrier on February 11, 2008. Four [[F/A-18A]] fighter jets intercepted the bomber.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2008/US/02/11/russian.bomber/index.html Russian bomber buzzes U.S. aircraft carrier]</ref> |
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In response to the frequent fly-overs by Russian bombers, the US-based North American Aerospace Defense and Northern commands initiated joint exercises with Russian forces in Colorado and Alaska.<ref name='denverpost'>[http://www.denverpost.com/search/ci_8524026 Russian bombers have NORAD on guard]</ref> |
In response to the frequent fly-overs by Russian bombers, the US-based North American Aerospace Defense and Northern commands initiated joint exercises with Russian forces in Colorado and Alaska.<ref name='denverpost'>[http://www.denverpost.com/search/ci_8524026 Russian bombers have NORAD on guard]</ref> |
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The reason for the fly-overs is debatable. Russia has linked the fly-overs to a perceived attempt by the United States to place missile based in [[Poland]] while Russian experts consider the fly-overs to be an attempt by Russian President Putin to win strengthen support and increase military spending.<ref name='denverpost'/> Putin's successor, [[Dmitry Medvedev]] is characterized as more liberal than Putin, but did not decrease the frequency of fly-overs. |
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==Arctic Territory Claims== |
==Arctic Territory Claims== |
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On August 3, 2007 Russia submarines planted undersea flags at two locations in the Northern Arctic and redrew the boundaries between Russian and International territory. While [[Canada]], the [[United States]], [[Russia]], [[Norway]], and [[Greenland]] all held ocean territory north off their mainlands, this is the first attempt to take a large area beyond this into neutral territory. The arctic is said to hold 25% of the world's unclaimed oil.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/russia-claims-north-pole-460098.html Russia claims North Pole]</ref><ref>[http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/42433000/gif/_42433630_arctic_ice_map416_3.gif Map of Arctic territory boundaries]</ref> |
On August 3, 2007 Russia submarines planted undersea flags at two locations in the Northern Arctic and redrew the boundaries between Russian and International territory. While [[Canada]], the [[United States]], [[Russia]], [[Norway]], and [[Greenland]] all held ocean territory north off their mainlands, this is the first attempt to take a large area beyond this into neutral territory. The arctic is said to hold 25% of the world's unclaimed oil.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/russia-claims-north-pole-460098.html Russia claims North Pole]</ref><ref>[http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/42433000/gif/_42433630_arctic_ice_map416_3.gif Map of Arctic territory boundaries]</ref> |
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==Nuclear Missiles and Defense== |
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''See also: [[NATO#NATO_missile_defense]]'' |
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United States and European officials suspect Russian scientist of aiding [[Iran]] in complex experiments on how to detonate nuclear weapons.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/10/world/10nuke.html?partner=rssnyt Nuclear Aid by Russian to Iranians Suspected]</ref> |
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Tensions between Russia and NATO subsided at the end of the [[Cold War]], but increased again as the United States pursued a [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] intended to protect US allies from missile attacks while leaving all non-allies vulnerable to US attack. |
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Russia suspects that the United States is planning to place missile bases in [[Poland]] for quick strikes against strategic Russian locations.<ref name='adn'/> |
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==Georgia== |
==Georgia== |
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Revision as of 05:57, 11 December 2008
NATO-Russian relations cover the cooperation between NATO military alliance and Russia.
Early cooperation (1997-2002)
Formal contacts and cooperation between Russia and NATO start in 1991, within the framework of the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (later re-named Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council) and are further deepened as Russia joined the Partnership for Peace programme on June 22nd, 1994 [1]
On 27 May, 1997, at 1997 Paris summit of NATO, sides signed a Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security[2], a road map for future NATO-Russia cooperation. Both sides state they do not see each other as adversaries, and have political commitment to cooperate at creating "lasting and inclusive" peace in Euro-Atlantic area.
Russia–NATO Council
The NATO-Russia Council, created on 28 May 2002, during summit in Rome, has been an official diplomatic tool for handling security issues and joint projects between NATO and Russia, involvilng "consensus-building, consultations, joint decisions and joint actions." [3] [4]
"Joint decisions and actions", taken under NATO-Russia Council agreements, include fighting terrorism[5][6], military cooperation (joint military exercises[7] and personnel training[8]), cooperation on Afghanistan (Russia providing training cources for anti-narcotics officers from Afghanistan and Central Asia countries in cooperation with the UN), transportation by Russia of non-military freight in support of NATO's ISAF in Afghanistan, industrial cooperation, cooperation on defence interoperability, non-proliferation, and other areas.[9]
Because NATO and Russia have similar ambitions and mutual challenges, the NATO-Russia Council is seen by both sides as effective at building diplomatic agreements between all parties involved in 2002 - first half of 2008. The heads of state for NATO Allies and Russia gave a positive assessment of NATO-Russia Council achievements in a Bucharest summit meeting in April 2008.[4]
Russian Flying Patrols
In August 2007, Russia began flying patrols over NATO territory. This was the first time since the end of the Cold War that Russia advanced military forces over NATO territory. The first incident took place on August 10, 2007. A Russian plane squadron consisting of two Tu-95 bombers flew over the US island of Guam in the Pacific. US planes scrambled, but no hostile actions were taken.[10] The second incident took place on August 17, 2007. Russian President Vladamir Putin ordered strategic bomber/fighter patrols to resume after 15 years, particularly through neutral international water. The patrols were shadowed by NATO jets.[11] Russian patrols continue with incidents that are of high concern to NATO-Russian relations, such as Russian bombers over Alaska[12] and the Russian bomber that buzzed the US Nimitz aircraft carrier on February 11, 2008. Four F/A-18A fighter jets intercepted the bomber.[13]
In response to the frequent fly-overs by Russian bombers, the US-based North American Aerospace Defense and Northern commands initiated joint exercises with Russian forces in Colorado and Alaska.[14]
The reason for the fly-overs is debatable. Russia has linked the fly-overs to a perceived attempt by the United States to place missile based in Poland while Russian experts consider the fly-overs to be an attempt by Russian President Putin to win strengthen support and increase military spending.[14] Putin's successor, Dmitry Medvedev is characterized as more liberal than Putin, but did not decrease the frequency of fly-overs.
Arctic Territory Claims
On August 3, 2007 Russia submarines planted undersea flags at two locations in the Northern Arctic and redrew the boundaries between Russian and International territory. While Canada, the United States, Russia, Norway, and Greenland all held ocean territory north off their mainlands, this is the first attempt to take a large area beyond this into neutral territory. The arctic is said to hold 25% of the world's unclaimed oil.[15][16]
Nuclear Missiles and Defense
See also: NATO#NATO_missile_defense
United States and European officials suspect Russian scientist of aiding Iran in complex experiments on how to detonate nuclear weapons.[17]
Tensions between Russia and NATO subsided at the end of the Cold War, but increased again as the United States pursued a Strategic Defense Initiative intended to protect US allies from missile attacks while leaving all non-allies vulnerable to US attack.
Russia suspects that the United States is planning to place missile bases in Poland for quick strikes against strategic Russian locations.[12]
Georgia
In 2008, hostilities started between Ossetian separatists and Georgian armed forces. This quickly evolved into a full-scale war between Georgia on the one side and Russia, Ossetian, and Abhazian separatists on the other. The North Atlantic Council condemned Russia for recognizing the South Ossetia and Abkhazia regions of Georgia as independent states.[18] The Secretary General of NATO claimed that Russia's actions in Georgia violated numerous UN Security Council resolutions, including resolutions endorsed by Russia.[19]
References
- ^ Formal NATO-Russia Relations
- ^ Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security between NATO and the Russian Federation Paris, 27 May 1997
- ^ NATO-Russia council Statement
- ^ a b NATO's relations with Russia
- ^ NATO-Russia council on Terrorism
- ^ NATO-Russia to practise anti-terrorist response
- ^ RFS and NATO ships joint manoeuvres
- ^ Allies and Russia attend U.S. Nuclear Weapons Accident Exercise
- ^ Fact sheet of NATO-Russia Council practical cooperation
- ^ Russian Bombers Over US Base Intercepted by US Air Force
- ^ Russia restarts Cold War patrols
- ^ a b Russian bombers over Alaska
- ^ Russian bomber buzzes U.S. aircraft carrier
- ^ a b Russian bombers have NORAD on guard
- ^ Russia claims North Pole
- ^ Map of Arctic territory boundaries
- ^ Nuclear Aid by Russian to Iranians Suspected
- ^ http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/2008/p08-108e.html
- ^ http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/2008/p08-107e.html
