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[[Image:Ringwall von Burg Krone.jpg|thumb|hochkant=1.8|Top of the circular rampart, the interior to the left]] |
[[Image:Ringwall von Burg Krone.jpg|thumb|hochkant=1.8|Top of the circular rampart, the interior to the left]] |
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A '''circular rampart''' (German and Danish: ''Ringwall'') is a type of defensive work, made primarly of earth, that has been used since ancient times. |
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== Examples == |
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[http://www.erantis.com/guide/viking/trelleborg.htm Trelleborg circular fortress in Denmark] |
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[http://www.historic-cornwall.org.uk/a2m/iron_age/hillfort/castle_dore/castle_dore.htm Castle Dore in Cornwall, England] |
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[[Aggersborg]], Denmark |
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[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=56763 Old Basing] |
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[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lqvnthcE19cC&pg=PA268&lpg=PA268&dq=%22circular+rampart%22&source=bl&ots=bRpR_jHzq_&sig=kx2mXq6DdM4h5OcGaWq3xBzYOmg&hl=en&ei=Gao0SteRLKDUjAfs66j5CQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6#PPA268,M1 Fyrkat, Denmark, Encyclopedia of historical archaeology By Charles E. Orser] |
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[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4Q31BueCmJwC&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31&dq=%22circular+rampart%22&source=bl&ots=uCdkL8CLtv&sig=ELF8qKtJuo54mq4CDkfomo6lz-c&hl=en&ei=Gao0SteRLKDUjAfs66j5CQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 American Indians By Nancy Shoemaker] |
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| ⚫ | from the [[Early Middle Ages]] period commonly found on located near the German town of [[Celle]] in [[Lower Saxony]]. The site, dating roughly to the 10th century and located in an inaccessible area of marsh by the [[River Fuhse]], probably acted as a refuge for the local population. Today this 3 metre high circular embankment belongs to one of the most important Early Middle Age historical monuments in Celle. |
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== Location == |
== Location == |
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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In spite of the surrounding land being cultivated in past centuries the almost perfectly circular rampart, 70 to 85 metres in diameter whose interior covers about {{convert|0.2|ha|acre}}, is well preserved. It still retains its original height of 3 metres. The rampart was made of [[plaggen]], turves cut from peat bogs. In front of it to the south, facing the direction of attack, is a dry [[Spitzgraben#Grabenarten|Spitzgraben]], 2 m deep and 6 m wide. Between the rampart and the ditch is a 5 m wide [[berm]]. The ditch was crossed by an earth bridge that led to the only entrance on the eastern side of the rampart. This is still visible today as a break in the embankment. To the north protection was afforded by the River Fuhse which, at that time, was about 50 m from the position. |
In spite of the surrounding land being cultivated in past centuries the almost perfectly circular rampart, 70 to 85 metres in diameter whose interior covers about {{convert|0.2|ha|acre}}, is well preserved. It still retains its original height of 3 metres. The rampart was made of [[plaggen]], turves cut from peat bogs. In front of it to the south, facing the direction of attack, is a dry V-shaped ditch (''[[:de:Spitzgraben#Grabenarten|Spitzgraben]]''), 2 m deep and 6 m wide. Between the rampart and the ditch is a 5 m wide [[berm]]. The ditch was crossed by an earth bridge that led to the only entrance on the eastern side of the rampart. This is still visible today as a break in the embankment. To the north protection was afforded by the River Fuhse which, at that time, was about 50 m from the position. |
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A flight of stone steps has been built for visitors today leading to the top of the rampart. Stones have also been laid at the foot of the rampart in recent times. In front of the rampart is an information tablet with an explanation of the historical significance of the site. |
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== Excavations == |
== Excavations == |
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This revealed post sockets which suggest that there were three buildings inside the site immediately next to the embankment. They would appear to be a 20 x 7 m hall, a secondary building and a barn. The entrance in the rampart was discovered, comprising an entrance passageway with wooden posts on either side and measuring 3 x 5 m. Finds included individual shards of pottery, a rusted knife and several horseshoes. These dated the defensive position to the 10th century. The find indicated only a short period of settlement. Sites of similar construction were not uncommon on the plains and appeared from the 8th to the 12th century as refuges for the population. During the excavation stone age [[flint]]s and fireplaces were also discovered. They indicated that the sand dune in the valley of the Fuhse had already been settled in the [[Stone Age]]. |
This revealed post sockets which suggest that there were three buildings inside the site immediately next to the embankment. They would appear to be a 20 x 7 m hall, a secondary building and a barn. The entrance in the rampart was discovered, comprising an entrance passageway with wooden posts on either side and measuring 3 x 5 m. Finds included individual shards of pottery, a rusted knife and several horseshoes. These dated the defensive position to the 10th century. The find indicated only a short period of settlement. Sites of similar construction were not uncommon on the plains and appeared from the 8th to the 12th century as refuges for the population. During the excavation stone age [[flint]]s and fireplaces were also discovered. They indicated that the sand dune in the valley of the Fuhse had already been settled in the [[Stone Age]]. |
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<!-- == Rezeption == |
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== See also == |
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Die gut erhaltene Wallburg erlangte Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts erneut Bekanntheit. Dafür sorgte der Roman ''[[Der Wehrwolf]]'' von [[Hermann Löns]]. Löns ließ sich von der Wallanlage inspirieren und verlegte Teile seiner Handlung an diesem Ort während des [[Dreißigjähriger Krieg|Dreißigjährigen Kriegs]]. Der Handlung nach zogen [[Marodeur]]e und anderes Kriegsvolk durch das Land und plünderten die Höfe der Heidebauern. Diese zogen sich bei Gefahr in eine alte [[Fliehburg]] zurück. Laut Löns Roman befestigten sie die Anlage und errichteten im Wallinneren Häuser. Eines Tages verteidigten sie sich dort erfolgreich gegen einen Angriff schwedischer [[Landsknecht]]e. --> |
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== Literature == |
== Literature == |
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* Ralf Busch: ''Die Burg in Altencelle: ihre Ausgrabung und das historische Umfeld'', Celle, 1990, ISBN 3-925902-10-4 |
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{{Coordinate|52.585268|N|10.091586|E|type:landmark_region=DE-NI|display=title}} |
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[[Category:Burgwall in Niedersachsen]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Archaeological sites]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Early Middle Ages]] |
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Revision as of 08:18, 14 June 2009
A circular rampart (German and Danish: Ringwall) is a type of defensive work, made primarly of earth, that has been used since ancient times.
Examples
Trelleborg circular fortress in Denmark Castle Dore in Cornwall, England Aggersborg, Denmark Old Basing Fyrkat, Denmark, Encyclopedia of historical archaeology By Charles E. Orser American Indians By Nancy Shoemaker
from the Early Middle Ages period commonly found on located near the German town of Celle in Lower Saxony. The site, dating roughly to the 10th century and located in an inaccessible area of marsh by the River Fuhse, probably acted as a refuge for the local population. Today this 3 metre high circular embankment belongs to one of the most important Early Middle Age historical monuments in Celle.
Location
The circular rampart at Burg is located in the Celle suburb of Altencelle, several hundred metres west of the settlement of Burg. It is easily accessed via an improved road and a field track. Formerly this defensive work lay on a sand dune in the middle of the wide, flat valley of the Fuhse. At that time the river ran northwards past the Burg, because another rampart was built to the south of the circular rampart with ditches in front of it. Today the river flows southwards past the site.
Description
In spite of the surrounding land being cultivated in past centuries the almost perfectly circular rampart, 70 to 85 metres in diameter whose interior covers about 0.2 hectares (0.49 acres), is well preserved. It still retains its original height of 3 metres. The rampart was made of plaggen, turves cut from peat bogs. In front of it to the south, facing the direction of attack, is a dry V-shaped ditch (Spitzgraben), 2 m deep and 6 m wide. Between the rampart and the ditch is a 5 m wide berm. The ditch was crossed by an earth bridge that led to the only entrance on the eastern side of the rampart. This is still visible today as a break in the embankment. To the north protection was afforded by the River Fuhse which, at that time, was about 50 m from the position.
Excavations
The first archaeological investigation was undertaken in 1906 by the archaeologist, Carl Schuchhardt, who cut through the embankment profile. This confirmed that the embankment had been built purely from plaggen, no remains of old wooden reinforcements being found.
A second dig took place between 1935 and 1936 carried out by the historian, Ernst Sprockhoff. He cleared a good third of the interior of the rampart.
This revealed post sockets which suggest that there were three buildings inside the site immediately next to the embankment. They would appear to be a 20 x 7 m hall, a secondary building and a barn. The entrance in the rampart was discovered, comprising an entrance passageway with wooden posts on either side and measuring 3 x 5 m. Finds included individual shards of pottery, a rusted knife and several horseshoes. These dated the defensive position to the 10th century. The find indicated only a short period of settlement. Sites of similar construction were not uncommon on the plains and appeared from the 8th to the 12th century as refuges for the population. During the excavation stone age flints and fireplaces were also discovered. They indicated that the sand dune in the valley of the Fuhse had already been settled in the Stone Age.