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ze dne 12. května 1999 č. 472 k návrhu postupu řešení situace jaderné elektrárny Temelín]</ref> Decision was controversial, as national and international (mainly Austrian) opposition against plat completion was stronger than in early 1990s, in 1999 opinion poll 47 % Czech citizens were in favor but 53 % against nuclear power development.<ref name=stem/>
ze dne 12. května 1999 č. 472 k návrhu postupu řešení situace jaderné elektrárny Temelín]</ref> Decision was controversial, as national and international (mainly Austrian) opposition against plat completion was stronger than in early 1990s, in 1999 opinion poll 47 % Czech citizens were in favor but 53 % against nuclear power development.<ref name=stem/>
As early as 1993, there was local and international protest against plant construction.<ref>[http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/index.html?http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/389/3795.html]</ref> Large grassroots civil disobedience actions took place in 1996<ref>[http://www.ecn.cz/temelin/RESIST.HTM]</ref> and 1997.<ref>[http://www.ecn.cz/temelin/blockade.htm]</ref> These were part of the Eastern European safe and clean energy movement.<ref>[http://www.ecn.cz/temelin/space.htm]</ref> In September and October 2000 [[anti-nuclear]] Austrian protesters demonstrated against the Temelin Nuclear Power Plant and at one stage temporarily blocked all 26 border crossings between Austria and the Czech Republic.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/926434.stm Anti-nuclear protest on Czech border]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/963826.stm Austrian anti-nuclear protests continue]</ref> Finally first reactor was commissioned in 2000 and the second in 2002.<ref name=hist/>
As early as 1993, there was local and international protest against plant construction.<ref>[http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/index.html?http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/389/3795.html]</ref> Large grassroots civil disobedience actions took place in 1996<ref>[http://www.ecn.cz/temelin/RESIST.HTM]</ref> and 1997.<ref>[http://www.ecn.cz/temelin/blockade.htm]</ref> These were part of the Eastern European safe and clean energy movement.<ref>[http://www.ecn.cz/temelin/BRIGADES.HTM#How do I get]</ref> <ref>[http://www.ecn.cz/temelin/space.htm]</ref> In September and October 2000 [[anti-nuclear]] Austrian protesters demonstrated against the Temelin Nuclear Power Plant and at one stage temporarily blocked all 26 border crossings between Austria and the Czech Republic.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/926434.stm Anti-nuclear protest on Czech border]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/963826.stm Austrian anti-nuclear protests continue]</ref> Finally first reactor was commissioned in 2000 and the second in 2002.<ref name=hist/>


==Technical data==
==Technical data==

Revision as of 14:16, 28 February 2010

Template:Infobox Nuclear power plant

Temelín Nuclear Power Station is located near Temelín, a village in the Czech Republic. Temelín NPP is owned by the state-owned company ČEZ, which employs 1000 workers at this site. The adjacent castle Vysoký Hrádek serves as an information centre.

History

First plans for a power station were drafted in the late 1970s, the final project was submitted in 1985 and construction of four operating units began in 1987, with expected completion in 1991 and building costs 35 billion Kčs.[1] Six villages have been demolished due to the construction of the power station.[2]

After the Velvet revolution in 1990 a Czechoslovak government decided to stop construction of third and fourth reactor.[3] In the 1990s alterations to the original design were made by Westinghouse in conjunction with SUJB and the IAEA to bring reliability and safety levels into conformance with Western European standards. The standards audit was carried out by Halliburton NUS. As part of the alterations information and control systems were added, electrical modifications carried out, and cabling, reactor core and fuel elements were replaced.[4] In 1993 Czech government facing delays and rising costs decided to complete plant, with expected completion in 1997.[5] In 1994 opinion poll stated, that 68 % of Czech citizens were in favor of nuclear power development.[6]

In 1998 construction still was not completed and costs were rising (reaching 71 CZK billions). Czech government was reconsidering completition of plant again[7] and in 1999 decided to complete plant again, with expected completition in 2000 and maximum cost 98,6 CZK billions.[8] Decision was controversial, as national and international (mainly Austrian) opposition against plat completion was stronger than in early 1990s, in 1999 opinion poll 47 % Czech citizens were in favor but 53 % against nuclear power development.[6]

As early as 1993, there was local and international protest against plant construction.[9] Large grassroots civil disobedience actions took place in 1996[10] and 1997.[11] These were part of the Eastern European safe and clean energy movement.[12] [13] In September and October 2000 anti-nuclear Austrian protesters demonstrated against the Temelin Nuclear Power Plant and at one stage temporarily blocked all 26 border crossings between Austria and the Czech Republic.[14][15] Finally first reactor was commissioned in 2000 and the second in 2002.[3]

Technical data

Model of the plant at the information center. The light green area was originally intended for the two unbuilt reactors.
Station Reactor type Net capacity[16] Gross capacity[16] Initial criticality Grid date Exp. shutdown
Temelín 1 VVER 1000/320 963 MWe 1013 MWe Dec 2000 Jun 2002 2042
Temelín 2 VVER 1000/320 963 MWe 1013 MWe Dec 2002 Apr 2003 2043

The plant has four cooling towers with a height of 150 metres (490 ft). The diameter of each amounts to 130 metres (430 ft), the external wall has a surface of 44,000 square metres (470,000 sq ft).

The reactor vessel contains 163 fuel assemblies, each with 313 fuel rods. There are 61 control rods.

New reactors

Plans to build all four original reactors were reopened in 2005. In 2006 plant extension was again suspended because a new coalition government agreed not to promote nuclear energy. However, in July 2008 ČEZ requested the Ministry of the Environment conduct an environmental impact assessment for two additional reactors.[17] In 2009 regional approval was granted for the new build. ČEZ plans to begin construction in 2013, with completion of the first block in 2020.[18] In August 2009, ČEZ sought bids for two pressurized water reactors (PWRs).[19] As of 2010 bidders are Areva, Westinghouse Electric Company and consortium of Skoda JS, Atomstroyexport and Gidropress. The winner of the tender is to be known in 2011.[20]

See also

References

  1. ^ Český rozhlas: Z historie Temelína
  2. ^ Economic, social and environmental impact of building and functioning of the nuclear power plants Temelín on Southern Bohemia
  3. ^ a b Ekolist: Historie výstavby Jaderné elektrárny Temelín
  4. ^ "Temelin NPP Status: The Challenge of Safety Improvements". The Uranium Institute. 2000-12-31. Retrieved 2009-08-03.
  5. ^ USNESENÍ VLÁDY ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY ze dne 10. března 1993 č. 109 k problematice dostavby jaderné elektrárny Temelín
  6. ^ a b Rozvoj jaderné energetiky u nás podporují necelé tři pětiny občanů
  7. ^ [http://kormoran.vlada.cz/usneseni/usneseni_webtest.nsf/WebGovRes/2C601D0777983566C12571B6006BD92C?OpenDocument USNESENÍ VLÁDY ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY ze dne 12. srpna 1998 č. 516 o postupu nezávislého posouzení projektu dostavby jaderné elektrárny Temelín]
  8. ^ [http://kormoran.vlada.cz/usneseni/usneseni_webtest.nsf/WebGovRes/7038A0CA78622833C12571B6006D3428?OpenDocument USNESENÍ VLÁDY ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY ze dne 12. května 1999 č. 472 k návrhu postupu řešení situace jaderné elektrárny Temelín]
  9. ^ [1]
  10. ^ [2]
  11. ^ [3]
  12. ^ do I get
  13. ^ [4]
  14. ^ Anti-nuclear protest on Czech border
  15. ^ Austrian anti-nuclear protests continue
  16. ^ a b IAEA - Czech Republic: Nuclear Power Reactors - Alphabetic
  17. ^ "CEZ requests EIA for expansion of Temelin". World Nuclear News. 2008-07-14. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  18. ^ South Bohemia reps nod to extension of Temelín nuke
  19. ^ "Tender launched for Temelin expansion". World Nuclear News. 3 August 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-03.
  20. ^ E15: Ministerial committee to oversee Temelín's completion

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