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The current KC-X program follows earlier attempts by the United States Air Force to procure a new tanker. A 2002 plan had the USAF leasing [[Boeing KC-767]] tankers, followed by a 2003 modification where the USAF would buy most of the KC-767 aircraft and lease several more of them. Corruption investigations revealed wrongdoing in the award of the contract and the contract was canceled in 2005, setting the stage for the KC-X program.
The current KC-X program follows earlier attempts by the United States Air Force to procure a new tanker. A 2002 plan had the USAF leasing [[Boeing KC-767]] tankers, followed by a 2003 modification where the USAF would buy most of the KC-767 aircraft and lease several more of them. Corruption investigations revealed wrongdoing in the award of the contract and the contract was canceled in 2005, setting the stage for the KC-X program.


The [[United States Air Force]] issued the KC-X [[request for proposal]] in January 2007,<ref name=DoDRfP/> then selected the [[Northrop Grumman]]/[[EADS]] team and their [[Airbus A330]]-based tankers in February 2008.<ref name=ST>{{cite web |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2004251273_webtankerwin29.html |title=EADS/Northrop trumps Boeing in Air Force tanker competition |accessdate=2008-02-29 |publisher =[[Seattle Times]] }}</ref> In June 2008, the U.S. [[Government Accountability Office]] sustained a protest by Boeing on the award of the contract.<ref name=GAOdecision/><ref>{{cite web |title = B-311344; B-311344.3; B-311344.4; B-311344.6; B-311344.7; B-311344.8; B-311344.10; B-311344.11, The Boeing Company, June 18, 2008 |url = http://www.gao.gov/decisions/bidpro/311344.htm |date = June 18, 2008 |author = Gary L. Kepplinger, General Counsel}}</ref> In July 2008, the U.S. Defense Department reopened the bidding process,<ref name="Pentagon Reopens"/> but canceled the KC-X solicitation in September 2008.<ref name="KC-X_term">[http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=12195 "DoD Announces Termination of KC-X Tanker Solicitation"]. US DoD, 10 September 2008.</ref> In September 2009, the USAF began the first steps toward accepting new bids.<ref name=wsj>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125383323357539115.html Air Force Resumes Tanker Contest]</ref>
The [[United States Air Force]] issued the KC-X [[request for proposal]] in January 2007,<ref name=DoDRfP/> then selected the [[Northrop Grumman]]/[[EADS]] team and their [[Airbus A330]]-based tankers in February 2008.<ref name=ST>{{cite web |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2004251273_webtankerwin29.html |title=EADS/Northrop trumps Boeing in Air Force tanker competition |accessdate=2008-02-29 |publisher =[[Seattle Times]] }}</ref> In June 2008, the U.S. [[Government Accountability Office]] sustained a protest by Boeing on the award of the contract.<ref name=GAOdecision/><ref>{{cite web |title = B-311344; B-311344.3; B-311344.4; B-311344.6; B-311344.7; B-311344.8; B-311344.10; B-311344.11, The Boeing Company, June 18, 2008 |url = http://www.gao.gov/decisions/bidpro/311344.htm |date = June 18, 2008 |author = Gary L. Kepplinger, General Counsel}}</ref> In July 2008, the U.S. Defense Department reopened the bidding process,<ref name="Pentagon Reopens"/> but canceled the KC-X solicitation in September 2008.<ref name="KC-X_term">[http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=12195 "DoD Announces Termination of KC-X Tanker Solicitation"]. US DoD, 10 September 2008.</ref> In September 2009, the USAF began the first steps toward accepting new bids.<ref name=wsj>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125383323357539115.html Air Force Resumes Tanker Contest]</ref> On March 8, 2010, Northrop Grumman announced that it would pull out of the bidding process, effectively conceding the contract to Boeing.<ref>[http://www.irconnect.com/noc/press/pages/news_printer.html?d=186116&print=1 "Statement From Northrop Grumman on U.S. Air Force Aerial Refueling Tanker Program"]. Northrop Grumman press release, 8 March 2010.</ref>


==Background==
==Background==

Revision as of 12:50, 9 March 2010

Template:Infobox aviation

KC-X is the name of the United States Air Force program to procure its next-generation aerial refueling tanker aircraft. This aircraft is intended to replace some of the older Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers. The contest is for a production contract for 179 new tankers with estimated value of US$35 billion. The two main contenders in the race to replace the KC-135 aircraft have been Boeing and Northrop Grumman.

The current KC-X program follows earlier attempts by the United States Air Force to procure a new tanker. A 2002 plan had the USAF leasing Boeing KC-767 tankers, followed by a 2003 modification where the USAF would buy most of the KC-767 aircraft and lease several more of them. Corruption investigations revealed wrongdoing in the award of the contract and the contract was canceled in 2005, setting the stage for the KC-X program.

The United States Air Force issued the KC-X request for proposal in January 2007,[1] then selected the Northrop Grumman/EADS team and their Airbus A330-based tankers in February 2008.[2] In June 2008, the U.S. Government Accountability Office sustained a protest by Boeing on the award of the contract.[3][4] In July 2008, the U.S. Defense Department reopened the bidding process,[5] but canceled the KC-X solicitation in September 2008.[6] In September 2009, the USAF began the first steps toward accepting new bids.[7] On March 8, 2010, Northrop Grumman announced that it would pull out of the bidding process, effectively conceding the contract to Boeing.[8]

Background

The initial plan was to lease Boeing KC-767 tankers on a sole-source basis; Boeing is the only American company with the requisite industrial capability to manufacture large-body aircraft. As such, the KC-767 was initially selected in 2002[9] and in 2003 was awarded a US$20 billion contract to lease KC-767 tankers to replace the KC-135.

Led by Senator John McCain, several US government leaders protested the lease contract as wasteful and problematic. In response to the protests, the Air Force struck a compromise in November 2003, whereby it would purchase 80 KC-767 aircraft and lease 20 more.[10]

Yet in December 2003, the Pentagon announced the project was to be frozen while an investigation of allegations of corruption by one if its former procurement staffers, Darleen Druyun (who had moved to Boeing in January 2003) was begun. Druyun pled guilty of criminal wrongdoing and was sentenced to nine months in jail for "negotiating a job with Boeing at the same time she was involved in contracts with the company".[11] Additional fallout included the termination of CFO Michael M. Sears (who was later sentenced to four months in prison in 2005),[12] the resignation of Boeing CEO Philip M. Condit,[13] and the payment by Boeing of a $615 million fine in recompense for their actions related to the contract. In January 2006, the lease contract was formally canceled.

Proposals

Initial competition

The USAF then began the KC-X tanker replacement program. The DoD posted a request for proposal on 30 January 2007.[1] The U.S. Air Force's main requirements are "fuel offload and range at least as great as the KC-135", airlift capability, ability to take on fuel in flight, and multi-point refueling capability.[1]

Two manufacturers expressed interest in producing this aircraft:

In February 2007, the Seattle Times commented on the pre-final designs: "Northrop has been viewed as the underdog, with a heavier, less fuel efficient aircraft. The Airbus tanker would have a maximum fuel capacity of 200,000 pounds. Northrop spokesman Randy Belote said Northrop's K-30 would tack on roughly 20 percent in fuel capacity."[16]

Both competitors submitted their tanker proposals before the 12 April 2007 deadline.[17][18] The competitors submitted final revisions of their proposals to the U.S. Air Force on 3 January 2008.[19] On 29 February 2008, the DoD announced their choice of the Northrop Grumman/EADS's KC-30.[20]

In December 2007, it was announced that this aircraft will be designated the KC-45A regardless of which design wins the competition.[21] The DoD anticipated that the KC-45A would start to enter service in 2013.[22]

On 11 March 2008, Boeing filed a protest with the Government Accountability Office (GAO) of the award of the contract to the Northrop Grumman/EADS team. Boeing stated that there are certain aspects of the USAF evaluation process that have given it grounds to appeal.[23][24] Their protest was upheld by the GAO on 18 June 2008, who recommended that the Air Force rebid the contract.[3][25]

Expedited recompetition

On 9 July 2008, the Defense Secretary Robert Gates put the tanker contract in an "expedited recompetition" with Defense Undersecretary John Young in charge of the selection process instead of the Air Force.[5] A draft of the revised RFP was provided to the contractors on 6 August 2008 for comments with the revised RFP to be finalized by mid-August. Proposals would be due in October 2008 and selection was to be done by the end of 2008.[26][27][28][29] In mid-August, there was speculation that Boeing was considering a "no bid" position.[30] On 21 August 2008 Boeing asked the DoD for an additional four months to submit a proposal centered on a larger aircraft,[31] but they opposed further delay.[32] Then on 10 September 2008, Defense Secretary Robert Gates decided that the new competition could not be fairly completed before the end of 2008. The DoD canceled the request for proposals and delayed the decision on when to issue another request until the new presidential administration was in office.[6][33][34]

On 16 September 2009, Secretary Gates announced a renewed effort for the KC-X program. The selection process will be under the Air Force with a "robust oversight role" by the Office of the Secretary of Defense to prevent a repeated failure.[35][36] On 25 September 2009 the USAF issued a draft request for proposals (RFP) seeking comments for the official tanker replacement RFP.[37] The RFP for a fixed price contract specified 373 requirements for the new plane, and stated that the price of each tanker would be adjusted to reflect how much it would cost to operate over 40 years and how well it would meet various war-fighting needs. The initial contract would be for 179 aircraft for $35 billion with the first aircraft delivery to take place in 2015. The USAF's contract award decision is projected to take place in the summer of 2010.[38][39][40]

On 1 December 2009, the Northrop Grumman/EADS team threatened to withdraw from the competition claiming the requirement was advantaging Boeing.[41][42][43]

The fiscal 2011 Defense Department budget relegates $864 million in research and development money. A contract award is expected in summer 2010. The initial buy will be 179 aircraft to replace the current KC-135 fleet.[44] On 24 February 2010, the US Air Force released the revised request for proposal (RFP) for KC-X. The RFP calls for the KC-X tanker to first fly in 2012 and aircraft deliveries to begin in 2013.[45]

On 8 March 2010, Northrop Grumman decided to not submit a bid for the KC-X tanker citing the fact that, despite nearly unchanged requirements, the new evaluation methodology now clearly favors Boeing's smaller tanker.[46]

Specifications

There were two different bids proposed in the initial round of proposals. Northrop Grumman teamed with Airbus on the A330, while Boeing proposed the 767-200LRF. Details of these aircraft are listed in the table below.

A330 MRTT - KC-30 KC-767 Advanced Tanker
(based on 767-200LRF)
Length 192 ft 11 in (58.80 m) 159 ft 2 in (48.51 m)
Height 57 ft 1 in (17.40 m) 52 ft (16 m)
Wingspan 197 ft 10 in (60.30 m) 156 ft 1 in (47.57 m)
Surface area 3,892 sq ft (361.6 m2) 3,050 sq ft (283 m2)
Fuselage width 18 ft 6 in (5.64 m) 16 ft 6 in (5.03 m)
Fuselage height 18 ft 6 in (5.64 m) 17 ft 9 in (5.41 m)
Engines (2x) RR Trent 700 or
GE CF6-80 turbofans		 Pratt & Whitney PW4062
Thrust (× 2) 72,000 lbf (320 kN) 63,500 lbf (282 kN)
Passengers 226-280[47] 190
Cargo 32 463L pallets 19 463L pallets
Maximum fuel capability 250,000 lb (110,000 kg) greater than 202,000 lb (92,000 kg)
Max. takeoff fuel load 245,000 lb (111,000 kg)[48] greater than 202,000 lb (92,000 kg)
Range 6,750 nmi (12,500 km) 6,590 nmi (12,200 km)
Cruise speed Mach 0.82 (534 mph or 859 km/h) Mach 0.80 (530 mph or 850 km/h)
Maximum speed Mach 0.86 (570 mph or 920 km/h) Mach 0.86 (570 mph or 920 km/h)
Max. takeoff weight 507,000 lb (230,000 kg) greater than 400,000 lb (180,000 kg)
Max. landing weight 396,800 lb (180,000 kg) 300,000 lb (140,000 kg)
Empty weight 263,700 lb (119,600 kg) 181,600 lb (82,400 kg)

Sources: Northrop Grumman KC-30,[48][49] Airbus A330,[50] KC-767 Advanced Tanker,[51] Boeing 767,[52] Civil Aircraft,[53] A330 FSTA[54]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Air Force Posts Request for Proposals for Tankers". United States Department of Defense. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  2. ^ "EADS/Northrop trumps Boeing in Air Force tanker competition". Seattle Times. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
  3. ^ a b "Statement Regarding the Bid Protest Decision Resolving the Aerial Refueling Tanker Protest by the Boeing Company" (PDF). Government Accountability Office. 2008-06-18. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
  4. ^ Gary L. Kepplinger, General Counsel (June 18, 2008). "B-311344; B-311344.3; B-311344.4; B-311344.6; B-311344.7; B-311344.8; B-311344.10; B-311344.11, The Boeing Company, June 18, 2008".
  5. ^ a b Kruzel, John J. "Pentagon Reopens Bidding on Tanker Contract". US DoD, 9 July 2008.
  6. ^ a b "DoD Announces Termination of KC-X Tanker Solicitation". US DoD, 10 September 2008.
  7. ^ Air Force Resumes Tanker Contest
  8. ^ "Statement From Northrop Grumman on U.S. Air Force Aerial Refueling Tanker Program". Northrop Grumman press release, 8 March 2010.
  9. ^ "Boeing Given Nod on Tanker Lease". Military-Aerospace Technology Magazine; volume: 1, issue: 2, 1 May 2002. (archive link).
  10. ^ "Tanker Twilight Zone". Air Force magazine, February 2004, Vol. 87, No. 2.
  11. ^ Cahlink, George, "Ex-Pentagon procurement executive gets jail time". Government Executive, October 1, 2004.
  12. ^ "Cashing In For Profit?". CBS, 5 January 2005.
  13. ^ Holmes, Stanley. "Boeing: What Really Happened". Business Week Online, December 15, 2003.
  14. ^ "Northrop Grumman KC-30 marketing web site". Northrop Grumman. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  15. ^ "Boeing Offers KC-767 Advanced Tanker to U.S. Air Force". Boeing. 2007-02-12. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  16. ^ Borak, Donna (2007-02-13). "Boeing Tweaks 767 for Tanker". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  17. ^ Boeing Submits KC-767 Advanced Tanker Proposal to U.S. Air Force
  18. ^ Northrop Grumman Submits KC-X Tanker Proposal to U.S. Air Force
  19. ^ "Boeing, Northrop Submit Final Tanker Proposals To USAF", Aviation Week, 4 January 2008.
  20. ^ "Northrop Wins Tanker Contract, Beating Out Rival Boeing", Wall Street Journal, 29 February 2008.
  21. ^ "Boeing, Northrop vying for KC-10 service deal", Al.com, 7 December 2007.
  22. ^ "New tanker to bring increased capabilities to warfighter", US Air Force, 3 March 2008.
  23. ^ "Boeing Protests U.S. Air Force Tanker Contract Award", Boeing, 11 March 2008.
  24. ^ "Air Force officials respond to Boeing protest" USAF, 12 March 2008.
  25. ^ Gary L. Kepplinger, General Counsel (June 18, 2008). "B-311344; B-311344.3; B-311344.4; B-311344.6; B-311344.7; B-311344.8; B-311344.10; B-311344.11, The Boeing Company, June 18, 2008".
  26. ^ "Pentagon Issues New Tanker Bid Parameters", Aviation Week, 6 August 2008.
  27. ^ "Tanker Contest Officially Restarts". Seattle Times, August 6, 2008.
  28. ^ Associated Press, "Pentagon Reopens Bidding For Aerial Tankers And Refines Expectations". New York Times, August 7, 2008, p. C4.
  29. ^ Pasztor, Andy, "Boeing Says Bidding Changes Favor European Tanker Team". Wall Street Journal, August 7, 2008, p. B3.
  30. ^ Butler, Amy (2008-08-11). "Boeing Leaning Toward Not Re-bidding KC-X". Aviation Week. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  31. ^ Hedgpeth. "Tanker Bid Moves Toward Endgame"
  32. ^ "US Air Force General Urges Quick Action on Tanker". Reuters, September 3, 2008.
  33. ^ "The USAF's KC-X Aerial Tanker RFP: Canceled". Defense Industry Daily. 2008-09-110. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  34. ^ Hedgpeth, Dana, "Pentagon Postpones Tanker Competition". Washington Post, September 11, 2008, p. D1; Cole, August, J. Lynn Lunsford, "Boeing Gets Reprieve In Fuel-Tanker Contest". Wall Street Journal, September 11, 2008, p. B1.
  35. ^ "SecDEF announces return of KC-X program". Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs, 16 September 2009.
  36. ^ Pentagon's new tanker rules exclude trade fight
  37. ^ https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&tab=core&id=713bc6e87f1a76db2c2b20a4bee1e8a5&_cview=0&cck=1&au=&ck=
  38. ^ Drew, Christopher, "$35 Billion Tanker Contract Opens", New York Times, September 24, 2009.
  39. ^ Boeing-Airbus tanker battle resumes today
  40. ^ Alabama lawmakers say Pentagon tanker rules unfair
  41. ^ UPDATE 2-Northrop threatens to boycott US tanker contest
  42. ^ Northrop may withdraw tanker bid
  43. ^ "Northrop Grumman threatens to quit competition for tanker". The Hill, 1 December 2009.
  44. ^ http://www.wivb.com/dpps/military/Defense-Department-budget-request-continues-reform-agenda_3216004
  45. ^ Reed, Jon. "USAF Sets KC-X First Flight, IOC Dates". Defense News, 25 February 2010.
  46. ^ "Statement From Northrop Grumman on U.S. Air Force Aerial Refueling Tanker Program". Northrop Grumman, 10 March 2010
  47. ^ Northrop Grumman Integrated Systems - KC-45 Tanker
  48. ^ a b KC-30 brochure, NorthropGrumman.com.
  49. ^ KC-30 Specifications, NorthropGrumman.com.
  50. ^ A330-200 specifications. Airbus.
  51. ^ KC-767 Advanced Tanker product card
  52. ^ 767 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning. Boeing.
  53. ^ Frawley, Gerard. The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003-2004. Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2003. ISBN 1-875671-58-7.
  54. ^ A330-200 Future Strategic Tanker Aircraft (FSTA) - Multi-Role Tanker Transporter (MRTT), Europe
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