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William Bispham who had held the estate as surety for a debt left his affairs in bad order and his estates were sold. Robert left Katharine Pilkington £100, 25 marks (£16-13-4d) per year to his brother James on condition he did not contest the will, to his sister Alice £20, to Thomas Warburton £3 6s 8d per year, and he annexed a schedule of his debts to his will. At the inquisition post mortem of Robert Pilkington in 1610, it was stated that, on 6 July 1601 he was seized of the manor of Rivington held of the [[Duchy of Lancaster]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Pilkington|1912|p=251}}</ref> |
William Bispham who had held the estate as surety for a debt left his affairs in bad order and his estates were sold. Robert left Katharine Pilkington £100, 25 marks (£16-13-4d) per year to his brother James on condition he did not contest the will, to his sister Alice £20, to Thomas Warburton £3 6s 8d per year, and he annexed a schedule of his debts to his will. At the inquisition post mortem of Robert Pilkington in 1610, it was stated that, on 6 July 1601 he was seized of the manor of Rivington held of the [[Duchy of Lancaster]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Pilkington|1912|p=251}}</ref> |
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James, Roberts younger brother in exchange for an annual payment during his lifetime agreed to the sale of Rivington Hall to the Pilkington relations Robert Lever and Thomas Breres, who took on the all liabilities of Robert Pilkington, for £1730 on 30 March 1611.<ref name="PilkingtonP118">{{Harvnb|Pilkington|1912|p=118}}</ref> New Hall and various fields were retained for Katherine Pilkington.<ref name="PilkingtonP118"/> In 1620 James sold the benefits of the rent charge from the 1605 lease along with the buildings and land to Robert Lever and Thomas Breres' widow .<ref name=pilkington1912p120>{{Harvnb|Pilkington|1912|p=120}}</ref> |
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==Lathom of Irlam== |
==Lathom of Irlam== |
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Revision as of 12:24, 27 August 2010
The Manor of Rivington was a medieval manor estate in Rivington, Lancashire, England. Before 1212 the Pilkington family owned six oxgangs of land. Over time it became separated in moieties and by the 16th century the Pilkingtons of Rivington Hall owned the largest share. In 1605 the Lathoms of Irlam owned a quarter share. There were legal disputes regarding the will of Robert Pilkington who died 17 November 1605 and by 1611 the Pilkingtons retained New Hall and land in the village whilst Rivington Hall was sold to the Breres with a mortgage from the Levers of Little Lever.
The Rivington Hall estate was bought by William Lever in 1900 by 1902 this was compulsorily purchased by Liverpool Corporation, excluding 45 acres Lever retained as his demesne. In 1974 the land became the property of the North West Water Authority, which after privatisation, became United Utilities. Lever Park was created on part of Lever's land under section 21 of the Liverpool Corporation Act 1902.[1]
Pilkington of Rivington Hall
The Pilkingtons were step brothers of the Rivingtons who were recorded in a grant of land in 1202.[2][3]
In 1212 Alexander de Pilkington held of King John of England, in thanage, six oxgangs of land at a rent of 10s but the land was divided.[4] Thanage indicates that the manor may predate the Domesday Book this was an Anglo Saxon term. In 1324, Roger de Pilkington held seven-eighths of the manor at a rent of 8s. 9d, while Richard de Hulton held the other eighth for 1s. 3d. p.a.[5] William de Rivington was mentioned in a tenant's list of 1240. Robert Pilkington was named in lay subsidies of 1327 and 1332. There is little detail of the occupancy of Rivington until 1478 when Robert Pilkington arranged for Adam Holden to add a hall and cross chambers and two great windows to Rivington Hall.[6]
The best known of this branch of the family was James Pilkington, born in about 1518, the son of Richard Pilkington and Alice Asshawe who became the first Protestant Bishop of Durham.
In 1544 Richard Pilkington signed a lease for his life of Rivington Hall and land and legally bound the inheritance of Rivington Hall after his death to benefit his sons with the inheritance to continue to his male heirs.[7] On the death of Richard Pilkington in 1551, the estate passed to his son, George, who lived at New Hall. In 1597, his son Robert inherited the manor [8] and in 1601 risked the estate by using it as surety for a debt of £250 to William Bispham, of London.[9] Robert defaulted in July 1601, and Rivington and other lands were passed William Bisham "until he should be fully satisfied the debt".[10]
On 17 January 1604, James Pilkington, born 1565 [11], brother of Robert, agreed a 300 year lease of the manor to James Anderton of Lostock. This lease was followed by an indenture on 1 March the same year for the alienation of 300 years of James Pilkington from any claim to the manor for 5 marks during his lifetime.
Robert Pilkington died in November 1605 without a male heir, having made his will on the previous day. [11] He directed his body be buried at Rivington Church among his ancestors.[10] After his death there was much litigation. The heir and last Lord of the Manor named Pilkington was the younger brother James in accordance with the indenture signed by their grandfather Richard in 1544.[12]
William Bispham who had held the estate as surety for a debt left his affairs in bad order and his estates were sold. Robert left Katharine Pilkington £100, 25 marks (£16-13-4d) per year to his brother James on condition he did not contest the will, to his sister Alice £20, to Thomas Warburton £3 6s 8d per year, and he annexed a schedule of his debts to his will. At the inquisition post mortem of Robert Pilkington in 1610, it was stated that, on 6 July 1601 he was seized of the manor of Rivington held of the Duchy of Lancaster.[13]
James, Roberts younger brother in exchange for an annual payment during his lifetime agreed to the sale of Rivington Hall to the Pilkington relations Robert Lever and Thomas Breres, who took on the all liabilities of Robert Pilkington, for £1730 on 30 March 1611.[14] New Hall and various fields were retained for Katherine Pilkington.[14] In 1620 James sold the benefits of the rent charge from the 1605 lease along with the buildings and land to Robert Lever and Thomas Breres' widow .[11]
Lathom of Irlam
In 1347 Roger de Westleigh of Irlam, Emma his wife, and Adam de Birkhead of Wigan claimed the fourth part of two messuages in Rivington against Robert de Rivington, Richard his son, and others.[15] Three years earlier, their son Roger, had made a settlement of the fifth part of the manor of Rivington in favour of their son Richard.[15] In 1640, after the death of Edmund Lathom, the inquisition stated George, the deceased's grandfather, held a quarter of Rivington Manor of the Crown and made a settlement in 1570.[16] George Lathom of Huyton and his wife Elizabeth were engaged in suits with Richard Pilkington and others in 1549 and 1550, regarding Moldesfield and land in Rivington. Hyefurth House at Deane Head was part of the Lathom estate and the legal action continued until 1614 when Thomas, son of George Lathom, was granted 50 acres (0.20 km2) in settlement.[17] In 1683 the land settled on the Lathoms was sold to John Bradley whose name survives at Bradleys Farm, a listed building.[18]
Shaw of Rivington, Heath Charnock and Anglezarke
John Shaw was defendant in litigation in 1507, 1528, and 1545 relating to the eighth part previously held by the Hultons.[19] The division of the manor was illustrated at the enclosure of the manorial waste land in 1536, out of 20 acres (0.081 km2), Richard Pilkington had 13 acres (0.053 km2), James Shaw 3 acres (0.012 km2), and George Lathom 4 acres (0.016 km2).[20] Robert, son of Thomas Shaw, made a settlement of the eighth part of the manor of Rivington and other lands in 1606.[21] The Shaw's portion was sold to John Risley in 1656 to raise funds for recovery from the English Civil War. Peter Shaw Jnr. bought back the estate in 1663, selling it some time later and buying it back from John Breres in 1671 for £200.[22]
Peter Shaw and his son, Thomas, were in debt at the beginning of the 18th century owing to extended legal disputes over rights to lead mines at Anglezarke, and sold their estate to Hugh, 12th Baron Willoughby of Parham, who, in 1712 left the land to his nephew Edward, 13th Baron, who died 1713. The estate then passed to Edward's son Charles, the 14th Baron, who died in 1715, and then to Hugh Willoughby, 15th Lord Willoughby of Parham. In 1765 on the death of the 15th Baron his estate passed to his sister Elizabeth Shaw of Stones House, Anglezarke, while the other half passed to his sister Helena Roscoe of Anglezarke.[22] Some land in Rivington and Anglezarke was sold. Elizabeth Shaw died in 1787 dividing her property among her children.
Breres of Rivington Hall
In the inquisition post mortem of Robert Pilkington 1610, it was stated that John Breres had bought 3 messuages, 1 cottage, 4 gardens, 4 orchards, and land in Rivington in August 1603 which Robert Pilkington was seized of in July 1601. The remainder of the estate was sold to Robert Lever and Thomas Breres, his brother, on 30 March 1611. In 1667, John Breres mentioned in his will that he had mortgaged his interests in Rivington Old Hall in 1617 after the death of his uncle, Thomas Breres, to Rev. James Pilkington of Heaton Rhodes, his wifes Uncle and William Pilkington of Wigan, his father in law. William Breres and his wife Martha Gill lived at the Old Hall. He died in 1723 and the estate passed to their son John who sold it in 1729 to John Andrews who had inherited a share from the Levers.[23]
Lever of Little Lever
Robert Lever who bought the estate with Thomas Breres in 1611, died in 1620, having given his part of the Rivington estate to his youngest son Robert in 1617. The Levers were descendants of the Pilkingtons [24] Robert never married and his estate passed to a nephew, another Robert, son of his brother James. This Robert Lever had a daughter, Jane, who in 1648 married John Andrews of Little Lever, near Bolton.
Andrews of Rivington Hall
Jane Andrews inherited the estate from her father, Robert Lever who died in 1688, and subsequently the estate passed to John Andrews who died without male issue in 1743. The Andrews' crest was a blackamoor's head in profile adorned with an earring, showing a connection to the slave trade.[25] The blackamoor from the family crest became the name of a public house which was demolished when the reservoirs were constructed and later rebuilt as the 'Black o' Moores Hotel'.[25] In 1729 John Andrews purchased the Breres' portion of the estate and in 1732 commenced work on the Pike Tower completing this in 1733.[26] Robert Andrews was known as Squire Andrews. The family have memorials in Rivington Unitarian Chapel and are interred in its graveyard.
Wilson, Fletcher and Andrews-Crompton
On the death of John Andrews the estate passed to his daughter Abigail who married Joseph Wilson of Bolton. Joseph Wilson died in 1765 and the estate then passed to another Robert Andrews who built the red brick Georgian house. Robert Andrews died in 1793 and the property passed to his son, Robert, who died unmarried in 1858 and to his brother, John, who died without issue in 1865 and finally to his sister, Hannah Maria Andrews who had married Robert Fletcher of Liverpool. Their daughter Lucy married Woodhouse Crompton in 1834. The Crompton's descendants remained at the hall until 1910.
William Hesketh Lever
In 1900, the Cromptons sold their interest in the manor and their 2,100 acres (8.5 km2) estate for £60,000 to William Lever,[27][28] founder of Lever Brothers, who became Lord of the Manor.[29] The Cromptons remained at the hall until 1910 and Lever built a wooden bungalow, Roynton Cottage, as his residence. In 1902, with the exception of a 45 acres (0.18 km2) site for his private residence,[30] Lever's land was compulsorily purchased by Liverpool Corporation, after the Liverpool Corporation Act 1902 was passed.[30] Part of this agreement allowed 360 acres (1.5 km2) of land to be laid out as a park for the people of Bolton by Lever ensuring “Free and uninterrupted enjoyment by the public”.[31]
References
- Notes
- ^ Smith 1984, pp. 22 and 38
- ^ Pilkington 1912, pp. 25–26
- ^ Irvine 1904, p. 3, fn 1
- ^ Farrer & Brownbill 1911, pp. 286–294, fn 8
- ^ Farrer & Brownbill 1911, pp. 286–294, fn 9
- ^ Pilkington 1912, p. 99
- ^ Pilkington 1912, p. 245
- ^ Pilkington 1912, p. 247 B. No. 73
- ^ Pilkington 1912, p. 249 B. No. 76
- ^ a b Pilkington 1912, p. 250 B. No. 76
- ^ a b c Pilkington 1912, p. 120
- ^ Pilkington 1912, p. 245
- ^ Pilkington 1912, p. 251
- ^ a b Pilkington 1912, p. 118
- ^ a b Farrer & Brownbill 1911, pp. 286–294, fn 16
- ^ Farrer & Brownbill 1911, pp. 286–294, fn 14
- ^ Irvine 1904, p. 32
- ^ "DDX 121/21 16 & 17 May, 1683". Access to Archives. The National Archives. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
- ^ Farrer & Brownbill 1911, pp. 286–294, fn 18
- ^ Irvine 1904, p. 28
- ^ Farrer & Brownbill 1911, pp. 286–294, fn 15
- ^ a b Shaw 1940, pp. 133–134
- ^ Irvine 1904, pp. ??
- ^ Pilkington 1912, p. 96
- ^ a b Hardman 2003, p. 150
- ^ Shaw 1940, p. 283
- ^ Farrer & Brownbill 1911, pp. 286–294,
- ^ Smith, 1984 & p.19
- ^ Irvine, 1904 & p.52
- ^ a b Smith, 1984 & p.40
- ^ "Liverpool Corporation Act, 1902" (PDF). Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI). Retrieved 24 June 2010.
- Bibliography
- Farrer, William; Brownbill, J., eds. (1911). Rivington. British History Online. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help); Invalid|ref=harv(help). - Hardman, Malcolm (2003). Classic Soil: Community, Aspiration, and Debate in the Bolton Region of Lancashire, 1819–1845. Rosemont Publishing & Printing Corp. ISBN 0-8386-3966-6. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Irvine, William Fergusson (1904). A short history of the township of Rivington. Edinburgh: Ballantyne Press. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help). - Pilkington, James (1912). The History of the Pilkington family and its branches, from 1066 to 1600 (Third ed.). Liverpool: C. Tinley & Co. Ltd. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help). - Shaw, Ronald Cunliffe (1940). The Records of a Lancashire Family from the XIIth to the XXth Century [On the Shaw family. With plates and genealogical tables.] Preston: Guardian Press.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help). - Smith, M.D. (1984). Leverhulme's Rivington. Chorley: Nelson Brothers Printers. ISBN 0-9508772-1-2.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)