Corsia: Difference between revisions
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'''Corsia''' is a little studied plant genus from the [[Family (biology)|family]] of [[Corsiaceae]]. It was first described in 1877 by [[Odoardo Beccari]] and includes 23 species, all of which |
'''Corsia''' is a little studied plant genus from the [[Family (biology)|family]] of [[Corsiaceae]]. It was first described in 1877 by [[Odoardo Beccari]] and includes 23 species, all of which parasitize green-leafed plants and fungi for their nutrition. Almost all species are [[endemic]] to [[New Guinea]]. |
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==Characteristics== |
==Characteristics== |
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In terms of appearance, the species are quite uniform except for the flowers. ''Corsia Cornuta'' and ''Corsia Clypeata'' |
In terms of appearance, the species are quite uniform except for the flowers. There are only two known types of chromosomal figures:''Corsia Cornuta'' and ''Corsia Clypeata''.<ref>Paul Kores, David A. White, Leonard B. Thien: ''Chromosomes of Corsia (Corsiaceae)'', American Journal of Botany, Vol. 65, No. 5 (May - Jun., 1978), Page. 584-585, {{ISSN|0002-9122}}</ref> |
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===Habitus=== |
===Habitus=== |
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''Corsia'' largely lives underground, and |
''Corsia'' largely lives underground, and rarely the stalks grow overground. The short and creeping [[Stipule|stipules]] differ with the reduced, whitish, broadly ovate and pointed [[rhizome]]; the fine, thread-like and hairless root system is also whitish, weakly branched and widely spreads in all directions, but always near the surface. Sprouted from the rhizome of several hairless, unbranched and upright flowering stems, usually reddish tinge and in cross section, which are 10 to 28 centimeters high, the [[xylem]] is woody and not perforated. |
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[[File:CorsiaSpIILeafEdit.jpg|thumb|100px|left|Leaf ''Corsia'' spec. II <small>Parris, s.n. 1981</small>]] |
[[File:CorsiaSpIILeafEdit.jpg|thumb|100px|left|Leaf ''Corsia'' spec. II <small>Parris, s.n. 1981</small>]] |
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===Leaves=== |
===Leaves=== |
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Three to seven broadly ovate and pointed leaves and three to five sinewy stipules are uniformly distributed through the stem. The rhizomes are less developed than the reddish stipules on the flowering stems. Along the side of the stem grow alternate leaves. They almost entirely encompass the stem. |
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[[File:Abzug_Infloreszenz_Auschnitt_Blüte.jpg|thumb|''Flower'' Corsia spec. II <small>Parris, s.n. 1981</small>]] |
[[File:Abzug_Infloreszenz_Auschnitt_Blüte.jpg|thumb|''Flower'' Corsia spec. II <small>Parris, s.n. 1981</small>]] |
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===Flowers=== |
===Flowers=== |
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The growth of Corsia flowers appears to be triggered by a climatic interplay of rain and drought, usually a prolonged rainy season, followed by several days of drought. The [[zygomorphic]] |
The growth of Corsia flowers appears to be triggered by a climatic interplay of rain and drought, usually a prolonged rainy season, followed by several days of drought. The [[zygomorphic]], threefold and nodding flowers are terminally individual. They are colored pale red to brownish red, sometimes in combination with pale yellow and rarely brownish-green. |
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The six [[petals]], with the exception of the uppermost petal, of the [[labellum]], are approximately of the same shape and size. The petals of the species of section ''sessilis'' are 4 to 15 (25) long and 0.5 millimeters to 2.5 millimeters wide, and the petals of the section ''Unguiculatis'' are 3 to 8.5 (12) millimeters short and 1 to 3.5 millimeters wide. |
The six [[petals]], with the exception of the uppermost petal, of the [[labellum]], are approximately of the same shape and size. The petals of the species of section ''sessilis'' are 4 to 15 (25) long and 0.5 millimeters to 2.5 millimeters wide, and the petals of the section ''Unguiculatis'' are 3 to 8.5 (12) millimeters short and 1 to 3.5 millimeters wide. |
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The [[labellum]], if compared with the other petals, increases considerably, and usually heart-shaped, it is about 5 and 25 millimeters long and 4 to 22 millimeters wide. The labellum encloses the upright flower bud and covers its opening to protect other floral organs. The labellum is simple and occasionally bifurcated at the tip of the midrib. |
The [[labellum]], if compared with the other petals, increases considerably, and usually heart-shaped, it is about 5 and 25 millimeters long and 4 to 22 millimeters wide. The labellum encloses the upright flower bud and covers its opening to protect other floral organs. The labellum is simple and is occasionally bifurcated at the tip of the midrib. |
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[[File:Corsia ornata seeds.jpg|thumb|Seeds of ''Corsia ornata'']] |
[[File:Corsia ornata seeds.jpg|thumb|Seeds of ''Corsia ornata'']] |
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==Fruits and seeds== |
==Fruits and seeds== |
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After pollination (possibly by flies) the peduncles extend and a |
After pollination (possibly by flies), the peduncles extend and a 3.5 centimeters long and slender cylindrical yellowish brown capsule fruit forms. The filing shaped seeds are about 1 and 3.2 millimeters long, 0.3 millimeters thick and colored pale to dark brown. The seed coat tightly encloses the endosperm and its surface is finely grooved longitudinally.<ref>Kirkbride, J.H., Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz: ''Family Guide for Fruits and Seeds'', Vers. 1.0, 2006, Accessed on 26 March 2007, [http://nt.ars-grin.gov/sbmlweb/OnlineResources/SeedsFruits/rptSeedsFruitsFamData.cfm?thisFamily=Corsiaceae Online version]</ref> Although the habitat is relatively calm, the distribution of seeds is expected by the wind ([[Anemochorie]]).<ref>C. Neinhuis, P. Ibisch: ''Corsiaceae'', in: K. Kubitzki (Hrsg.): ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. 3, Lilianae'', p. 200, 1998, ISBN 3-540-64060-6</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 15:22, 14 December 2011
| Corsia | |
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| Corsia ornata | |
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| Genus: | Corsia
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| Binomial name | |
| Corsia | |
Corsia is a little studied plant genus from the family of Corsiaceae. It was first described in 1877 by Odoardo Beccari and includes 23 species, all of which parasitize green-leafed plants and fungi for their nutrition. Almost all species are endemic to New Guinea.
Characteristics
In terms of appearance, the species are quite uniform except for the flowers. There are only two known types of chromosomal figures:Corsia Cornuta and Corsia Clypeata.[1]
Habitus
Corsia largely lives underground, and rarely the stalks grow overground. The short and creeping stipules differ with the reduced, whitish, broadly ovate and pointed rhizome; the fine, thread-like and hairless root system is also whitish, weakly branched and widely spreads in all directions, but always near the surface. Sprouted from the rhizome of several hairless, unbranched and upright flowering stems, usually reddish tinge and in cross section, which are 10 to 28 centimeters high, the xylem is woody and not perforated.
Leaves
Three to seven broadly ovate and pointed leaves and three to five sinewy stipules are uniformly distributed through the stem. The rhizomes are less developed than the reddish stipules on the flowering stems. Along the side of the stem grow alternate leaves. They almost entirely encompass the stem.
Flowers
The growth of Corsia flowers appears to be triggered by a climatic interplay of rain and drought, usually a prolonged rainy season, followed by several days of drought. The zygomorphic, threefold and nodding flowers are terminally individual. They are colored pale red to brownish red, sometimes in combination with pale yellow and rarely brownish-green.
The six petals, with the exception of the uppermost petal, of the labellum, are approximately of the same shape and size. The petals of the species of section sessilis are 4 to 15 (25) long and 0.5 millimeters to 2.5 millimeters wide, and the petals of the section Unguiculatis are 3 to 8.5 (12) millimeters short and 1 to 3.5 millimeters wide.
The labellum, if compared with the other petals, increases considerably, and usually heart-shaped, it is about 5 and 25 millimeters long and 4 to 22 millimeters wide. The labellum encloses the upright flower bud and covers its opening to protect other floral organs. The labellum is simple and is occasionally bifurcated at the tip of the midrib.
Fruits and seeds
After pollination (possibly by flies), the peduncles extend and a 3.5 centimeters long and slender cylindrical yellowish brown capsule fruit forms. The filing shaped seeds are about 1 and 3.2 millimeters long, 0.3 millimeters thick and colored pale to dark brown. The seed coat tightly encloses the endosperm and its surface is finely grooved longitudinally.[2] Although the habitat is relatively calm, the distribution of seeds is expected by the wind (Anemochorie).[3]
References
- ^ Paul Kores, David A. White, Leonard B. Thien: Chromosomes of Corsia (Corsiaceae), American Journal of Botany, Vol. 65, No. 5 (May - Jun., 1978), Page. 584-585, ISSN 0002-9122
- ^ Kirkbride, J.H., Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz: Family Guide for Fruits and Seeds, Vers. 1.0, 2006, Accessed on 26 March 2007, Online version
- ^ C. Neinhuis, P. Ibisch: Corsiaceae, in: K. Kubitzki (Hrsg.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. 3, Lilianae, p. 200, 1998, ISBN 3-540-64060-6
Bibliography
- P. Van Royen:Sertulum Papuanum 17th Corsiaceae of New Guinea and surrounding areas in: Webbia 27: pp. 223-255, 1972, ISSN 0083-7792
- Traudel Rübsamen: Morphologische, embryologische und systematische Untersuchungen an Burmanniaceae und Corsiaceae (Mit Ausblick auf die Orchidaceae-Apostasioideae) [Morphological, embryological and systematic studies of Burmanniaceae and Corsiaceae (With view on the Orchidaceae-Apostasioideae)], 1986, ISBN 3-443-64004-4
- Paula J. Rudall, Alison Eastman: The questionable affinities of Corsia (Corsiaceae): evidence from floral anatomy and pollen morphology, in: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 138, S. 315–324
- Karl Schumann, Karl Lauterbach: Nachträge zur Flora der deutschen Schutzgebiete in der Südsee mit Ausschluss Samoa's und der Karolinen [Supplements to Flora of the German protectorates in the Pacific to the exclusion of Samoa's and the Carolinas], Leipzig, 1905, Online version
- R. Schlechter: Neue Corsiaceae Papuasiens [New Papuan Corsiaceae Parisiens], in: Botanical yearbooks for systematics, plant geography and plant history, Vol. 49, pp. 109-112, 1913, Stuttgart, Online version
- Dianxiang Zhang, Richard M. K. Saunders, Chi-Ming Hu: Corsiopsis chinensis gen. et sp. nov. (Corsiaceae): First Record of the Family in Asia, in: Systematic Botany, Vol. 24, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1999), S. 311-314, (Abstract Online)