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The '''State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee''' ({{lang-my| |
The '''State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee''' ({{lang-my|နိုင်ငံတော် သံဃာ့မဟာနာယကအဖွဲ့}}) is a government-appointed body of high-ranking [[Buddhist monk]]s that oversees and regulates the [[Sangha]] (Buddhist clergy) in [[Burma]] (Myanmar). The Committee was formed after the First Congregation of All Orders for the Purification, Perpetuation and Propagation of Sasana, which sought to consolidate state control of the country's Sangha, was held in [[Rangoon]] (now Yangon) from 24 to 27 May 1980.<ref name="seekins">{{cite book|last=Seekins|first=Donald M.|title=Historical dictionary of Burma (Myanmar)|publisher=Scarecrow Press|date=2006|pages=152-153|isbn=9780810854765}}</ref> The Congregation developed a hierarchy to regulate monks at the village tract/ward, state/division and national levels via committees and devised a central governing body of 33 members now called the state Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee, which would be responsible for all Buddhist monks in the country.<ref name="seekins"/> The Committee also developed regulations to force monks to register and receive separate identification cards.<ref name="hrw">{{cite journal|date=September 2009|title=The Resistance of the Monks: Buddhism and Activism in Burma|publisher=Human Rights Watch|oclc=1-56432-544-X|url=http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/burmamonks0909webwcover.pdf}}</ref> |
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The Committee now consists of 47 members, including a chairman, six vice chairmen, one secretary general, six joint general secretaries and 33 other members, all of whom are appointed by the Burmese Ministry of Religious Affairs.<ref name="hrw"/> Until 1995, appointment terms lasted 5 years. Since 1995, the government has cut term lengths, with a quarter of seats changed every 3 years.<ref name="hrw"/> |
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http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/burmamonks0909webwcover.pdf |
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| ⚫ | In theory, the Committee oversees violations of the [[Vinaya]], the traditional regulatory framework of Theravada Buddhist monks. This body has been used by the government to curtail monks' involvement in non-religious affairs.<ref>{{cite book|last=Larkin|first=Emma|title=No Bad News for the King: The True Story of Cyclone Nargis and Its Aftermath in Burma|publisher=Penguin|date=28 June 2011|isbn=9780143119616}}</ref> The Committee has the power to disrobe monks who have violated its decrees and edicts as well as Vinaya regulations and laws, and expel monks from their resident monasteries.<ref name="hrw"/> |
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A number of monks were purged and forced to disrobe from the |
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monkhood. To control the rest, the 47-member State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee was |
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formed, a governing body for all Buddhist monks in the country, and monks were finally |
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forced to register and get their own ID cards. |
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4 |
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During the [[Saffron Revolution]] in 2007, the Committee announced new regulations to prohibit monks from participating in secular affairs.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://myanmargeneva.org/NLM2007/eng/9Sep/n070925.pdf|title=State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee has duty to reinforce and observe basic principles and rules and regulations and implement religious matters|date=25 September, 2007|work=The New Light of Myanmar|accessdate=19 February 2012}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | In theory, the Committee oversees violations of the [[Vinaya]], the traditional regulatory framework of Theravada Buddhist monks. This body has been used by the government to curtail monks' involvement in non-religious affairs.<ref>{{cite book|last=Larkin|first=Emma|title=No Bad News for the King: The True Story of Cyclone Nargis and Its Aftermath in Burma|publisher=Penguin|date=28 June 2011|isbn=9780143119616}}</ref> |
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In December 2009, the Committee banned advertisements of [[Dhamma]] talks and lectures held by monks, including posters.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=17408|title=Junta Bans Dhamma Advertising|last=Arkar Moe|date=16 December 2009|work=The Irrawaddy|accessdate=19 February 2012}}</ref> He had |
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In January 2011, Shwenyawa Sayadaw (ရွှေညဝါဆရာတော်), the abbot of the Sadhu Pariyatti Monastery, was evicted from his monastery by the Committee, for alleged disobedience, by holding a sermon at the Mandalay office of the [[National League for Democracy]], where he had publicly called for the release of political prisoners and the end of ongoing civil wars.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebestfriend.org/2012/01/19/shwe-nya-wah-sayadaw-ordered-to-leave-his-monastery/|title=Shwe Nya Wah Sayadaw ordered to leave his monastery|date=19 January 2012|work=The Best Friend|accessdate=20 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/75745573/Unfair-Order-for-Shwe-Nya-Wa-Sayardaw|title=ရွှေညဝါဆရာတော် ဦးပညာသိဟအား အရေးယူဆောင်ရွက်ရန်ကိစ္စ|date=12 December 2011|work=State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee|language=Burmese|accessdate=20 February 2012}}</ref> In December 2011, he had met with [[Hillary Clinton]], US Secretary of State, along with other civil society delegates.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=22888|title=Evicted Buddhist Abbot to Leave Monastery Within One Month|last=Zarni Mann|date=19 January 2012|work=The Irrawaddy|accessdate=20 February 2012}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 00:51, 20 February 2012
The State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee (Burmese: နိုင်ငံတော် သံဃာ့မဟာနာယကအဖွဲ့) is a government-appointed body of high-ranking Buddhist monks that oversees and regulates the Sangha (Buddhist clergy) in Burma (Myanmar). The Committee was formed after the First Congregation of All Orders for the Purification, Perpetuation and Propagation of Sasana, which sought to consolidate state control of the country's Sangha, was held in Rangoon (now Yangon) from 24 to 27 May 1980.[1] The Congregation developed a hierarchy to regulate monks at the village tract/ward, state/division and national levels via committees and devised a central governing body of 33 members now called the state Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee, which would be responsible for all Buddhist monks in the country.[1] The Committee also developed regulations to force monks to register and receive separate identification cards.[2]
The Committee now consists of 47 members, including a chairman, six vice chairmen, one secretary general, six joint general secretaries and 33 other members, all of whom are appointed by the Burmese Ministry of Religious Affairs.[2] Until 1995, appointment terms lasted 5 years. Since 1995, the government has cut term lengths, with a quarter of seats changed every 3 years.[2]
In theory, the Committee oversees violations of the Vinaya, the traditional regulatory framework of Theravada Buddhist monks. This body has been used by the government to curtail monks' involvement in non-religious affairs.[3] The Committee has the power to disrobe monks who have violated its decrees and edicts as well as Vinaya regulations and laws, and expel monks from their resident monasteries.[2]
During the Saffron Revolution in 2007, the Committee announced new regulations to prohibit monks from participating in secular affairs.[4]
In December 2009, the Committee banned advertisements of Dhamma talks and lectures held by monks, including posters.[5] He had
In January 2011, Shwenyawa Sayadaw (ရွှေညဝါဆရာတော်), the abbot of the Sadhu Pariyatti Monastery, was evicted from his monastery by the Committee, for alleged disobedience, by holding a sermon at the Mandalay office of the National League for Democracy, where he had publicly called for the release of political prisoners and the end of ongoing civil wars.[6][7] In December 2011, he had met with Hillary Clinton, US Secretary of State, along with other civil society delegates.[8]
References
- ^ a b Seekins, Donald M. (2006). Historical dictionary of Burma (Myanmar). Scarecrow Press. pp. 152–153. ISBN 9780810854765.
- ^ a b c d "The Resistance of the Monks: Buddhism and Activism in Burma" (PDF). Human Rights Watch. September 2009. OCLC 1-56432-544-X.
{{cite journal}}: Check|oclc=value (help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Larkin, Emma (28 June 2011). No Bad News for the King: The True Story of Cyclone Nargis and Its Aftermath in Burma. Penguin. ISBN 9780143119616.
- ^ "State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee has duty to reinforce and observe basic principles and rules and regulations and implement religious matters" (PDF). The New Light of Myanmar. 25 September, 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Arkar Moe (16 December 2009). "Junta Bans Dhamma Advertising". The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ^ "Shwe Nya Wah Sayadaw ordered to leave his monastery". The Best Friend. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
- ^ "ရွှေညဝါဆရာတော် ဦးပညာသိဟအား အရေးယူဆောင်ရွက်ရန်ကိစ္စ". State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee (in Burmese). 12 December 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
- ^ Zarni Mann (19 January 2012). "Evicted Buddhist Abbot to Leave Monastery Within One Month". The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 20 February 2012.