All Parties Hurriyat Conference

The All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) (formed March 10, 1993)by is a political front formed as an alliance of 26 political, social and religious organizations in Kashmir. It was formed achieving the right of self-determination according to United Nations Security Council Resolution 47. "Hurriyat" in Koshur (as well as in Arabic, Urdu and Persian, from which the word is loaned) means "liberty". Abdul Hanan Baig was elected its leader in January 2010.

Current members

At the time of formation All Parties Hurriyat Conference members included Yaseen Malik's Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), Sheikh Yaqoob Jammu and Kashmir Peoples League (JKPL), Shabbir Shah's People's Democratic Front, Maulana Mohammad Abbas Ansari of Ittihadul Muslimeen, Shakeel Bakshi's Islamic Students League, Muslim Conference led Abdul Ghani Bhat. Abdul Hanan Baig the Chairman of the J & K Awami Action Committee played an important role in forming the Conference. Current members include:

Number	Name of the Party	Leader
1	Aawami Action Committee	Abdul Hanan Baig
2	Ittihadul Muslimeen	Maulana Mohammad Abbas Ansari
3	Anjamani Auqafi Jama Masjid	Mohammad Umar Farooq
4	Anjaman-e-Tablig-ul Islam	Syed Qasim Shah Bukhari
5	Ummat Islami	Qazi Ghulam Mohammad(RA) Islamabad Anantnag
6	Auquaf Jama Masjid	Ghulam Muhammad Butt
7	Employees and Workers Confederation
8	Employees & Workers Confederation (Arsawi Group)
9	All Jammu & Kashmir Employees’ Confederation	Ishtiaq Qadri
10	Jamaat-e-Islami
11	Jamiat-e-Ahle Hadith	Moulana Tahiri
12	Jamiate Ulama-E-Islam	Abdul Gani Azhari
13	Jamiat-e-Hamdania	Moulana M. Yasin Hamdani
14	Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference	Abdul Ghani Lone till 2002 assassination
15	Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front	Muhammad Yasin Malik
16	Jammu and Kashmir Human Rights Committee	Noor-Ul-Hassan
17	Jammu and Kashmir People's Basic Rights (Protection) Committee	Moufi Bahauddin Farouqi
18	Liberation Council	Azhar Bhat
19	Kashmir Bazme Tawheed	Tajamul Bhat
20	Kashmir Bar Association	Zaroon bhat
21	Muslim Khawateen Markaz	Zaid Bhat
22	Muslim Conference	Khokhar e aazam
23	Political Conference	Junaid bhat
24	Tehreek-e-Huriati Kashmiri	Saqib Bhat
25	People's League	Musaib Bhat
26	Islamic Students League	Shakeel Bakshi
27	Imam Ahmad Raza Islamic Mission	Rafeeq Ahmad Mir
28	Saut-Ul-Aliya	Moulana Abdul Rashid Dawoodi
29	Jammu and Kashmir People's Freedom League	Muhammad Farooq Rehmani

However,Hurriyat Conference is led by Basit Bhat. Hurriyat Conference got split after the 2002 Assembly elections when some of its constituents participated in the Assembly elections violating the hurriyat constitution.From then there are two factions of Hurriyat conferences one led by the most popular resistense leader of Kashmir Syed Ali Shah Geelani and the other by Mirwaiz Umer Farooq,son of late Molvi Farooq who was assassinated in early ninetees.

Thy Hurriyat led by Syed Ali Geelani demands a clear break and liberation from the Indian union.

Members of the Executive Council of the APHC are:

• Jamat-e-Islami, Syed Ali Shah Geelani
• Awami Action Committee Abdul Hanan Baig
• People's League, Sheikh Abdul Aziz
• Itehad-ul-Muslimeen Moulvi Abbas Ansari
• Muslim Conference, Prof. Abdul Ghani Bhat
• JKLF, Yasin Malik

Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front

Main article: Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front

Hurriyat is the main political front of Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front. Yasin Malik is the chairman of one of the two faction of JKLF, the chairman for other faction is Farooq Siddiqi (Farooq Papa). The Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), founded by Amanullah Khan and Maqbool Bhat, is a Kashmiri Muslim political organization founded in Birmingham, UK on May 29, 1977. Within a couple of years branches were established in several cities and towns of the UK; and also in several countries of Europe, USA and Middle East. In 1982 branches of this Islamic Militant organisation were established in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, Pakistan and in 1987 in Indian-administered Kashmir (Jammu & Kashmir) which shows it essential foreign origin.

In 2007 Yasin Malik and his party launched a peaceful campaign known as Safar-i-Azadi (Journey to Freedom). This journey was to create an atmosphere for anti-Indian agitations among public which lasted for one year and during it, Yasin Malik and his colleagues visited about 3500 towns and villages of Kashmir. Stone pelting and sporadic attacks by Muslim majority of Kashmir of security forces have increased hence forth. In November 2009, Kashmiri Pandits were reported to have been subjected to death threats and attacks; the Hurriyat Conference never responded by promising them security. In January 2010, Yasin asked Kashmiri Pandit migrants not to return to their homes in the Kashmir valley, but was arrested a few days later.

Politics of Kashmir

Elections were held in Indian Jammu & Kashmir, which brought up the popular Muslim leader Sheikh Abdullah, who with his party National Conference, generally supported India. The elected Constituent Assembly met for the first time in Srinagar on October 31, 1951. Then The State Constituent Assembly ratified the accession of the State to the Union of India on February 6, 1954 and the President of India subsequently issued the Constitution (Application to J&K) Order under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution extending the Union Constitution to the State with some exceptions and modifications. The State’s own Constitution came into force on January 26, 1957 under which the elections to the State Legislative Assembly were held for the first time on the basis of adult franchise the same year. This Constitution further reiterated the ratification of the State’s accession to Union of India. However, these tidings were not recognized by Pakistan, which has continued to press for a plebiscite to ascertain the wishes of the people. Pakistan set up its own Kashmir, called Azad Kashmir in a tiny Western chunk that it controls. The much larger region of Pakistani Kashmir in the North-West, which was a province named Northern Areas in the former state, generally bore no mention in Pakistani laws and Constitution as being of any status, until in 1982 the Pakistani President General Zia ul Haq proclaimed that the people of the Northern Areas were Pakistanis and had nothing to do with the State of Jammu and Kashmir. However according to CIA About 300,000 Kashmir Hindus (Pundits) in Indian Administered Kashmir valley are internally displaced in Kashmir specially in Udhampur & Jammu refugee camps and rest 1,00,000 in Delhi camps hoisted by Indian Government and UNO.

Role in the politics of Kashmir

The APHC does not recognise the Indian right over Kashmir. It blames India's lack of sincerity for the failure of the repeated attempts at the resolution of the Kashmir issue. It has consistently criticized the Indian troops present in Kashmir and accused them of human rights violations.

The APHC is divided into two factions. One, led by Abdul Hanan Baig, second, Tehreek-i-Hurriyat, led by Syed Ali Shah Geelani, both call for resolution of Kashmir on the basis of the right to self-determination of the people under the auspices of United Nations. Since 2004, the Abdul Hanan Baig faction has held three rounds of talks with the Government of India, while as Geelani faction rejected the talks until India stops the use of Armed Forces Special Powers Act and accepts Kashmir as a non disputed territory.

The Hurriyat boycotted the May 2006 round table conference in Srinagar, which leaders of Jammu and Kashmir, and the Prime Minister of India attended. This was a setback to the Hurriyat's dialogue with New Delhi.

See also

• Kashmir conflict
• Timeline of the Kashmir conflict
• Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir

External links

• Hurriyat Conference News
• Kashmir Global -News and opinion website
• Chowdhary, Rekha. "Electoral Politics in the Context of Separatism and Political Divergence: An Analysis of 2009 Parliamentary elections in Jammu & Kashmir". South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 3, 2009.