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{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=January 2013}}
<!---PLEASE CHECK Data Noted Below - Thank You! - [[User:Drbogdan|Drbogdan]], 01/13/2013--->
{{Planetbox begin
{{starbox begin
| name = PH2 b
|name = PH2
}}
}}
{{Planetbox image
{{starbox image
| image = Sizing Up Exoplanets.jpg
|image =
|caption = Artist's conception of PH2 and its planet, PH2 b, viewed from a hypothetical moon of the planet.
| caption = Sizes of [[Earth analog|Earth-like planets]], including [[Mars]], [[KOI-961.02]],[[Kepler-20e]], [[Earth]] and [[Kepler-20f]].
}}
}}
{{Starbox observe
{{Planetbox star
| epoch = J2000<ref name=2MASS>{{cite web | url=http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/workspace/TMP_7aNmhU_31885/Gator/irsa/3547/tbview.html | title=Gator Cone Search Result | publisher=NASA/IPAC | work=The Two Micron All Sky Survey at IPAC | accessdate=January 12, 2013}}</ref>
| star = KIC 12735740<ref name="arXiv-20130103">{{cite arxiv|last=Wang |first=Ji |coauthors=''et al.'' |title=Planet Hunters. V. A Confirmed Jupiter-Size Planet in the Habitable Zone and 42 Planet Candidates from the Kepler Archive Data|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/1301.0644 |year=2013 |date=January 3, 2013 |journal=[[arXiv]]|eprint=1301.0644v1 |class=astro-ph.EP |accessdate=January 13, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="StarFinder-KIC-12735740">{{cite web |last=Graham |first=Keith P. |title=Star Finder for KIC=12735740 |url=http://www.cthreepo.com/stars/viewK.php?KIC= 12735740 |date=2008 |publisher=CThreePO.com |accessdate=January 13, 2013 }}</ref>
| constell = [[Cygnus (constellation)|Cygnus]]<ref name="StarFinder-KIC-12735740" />
| equinox = J2000<ref name=2MASS />
| constell = [[Cygnus]]<ref name=vizier>{{cite web | url=http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5 | title=VizieR Detailed Page |publisher=Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics | work=VizieR | accessdate=January 12, 2013}}</ref>
| RA = 19.3176<ref name="StarFinder-KIC-12735740" />
| pronounce = <!--Pronunciation guide-->
| DEC = 51.9626<ref name="StarFinder-KIC-12735740" />
| ra = {{RA|19|19|03.264}}
| dist_ly =
| dec = {{dec|+51|57|45.36}}
| dist_pc =
| class =
| app_mag = 12.62<ref name="arXiv-20130103" />
| mass = {{val|0.94|0.02}}<ref name="arXiv-20130103" />
| radius = {{val|1.00|0.05}}<ref name="arXiv-20130103" />
| temperature = {{val|5629|+42|-45}}<ref name="arXiv-20130103" />
| metallicity = {{val|-0.07|0.05}}<ref name="arXiv-20130103" />
| surface gravity =
| age =
}}
{{Planetbox orbit
| semimajor = {{val|0.828|0.009}}<ref name="arXiv-20130103" />
| period = {{val|282.5255|0.0010}}<ref name="arXiv-20130103" />
| eccentricity = 0.41 (+0.08 −0.29)<ref name="arXiv-20130103" />
| inclination = 89.83 (+0.03 −0.02)<ref name="arXiv-20130103" />
| t_transit = {{val|9882|126}}
}}
}}
{{Planetbox character
{{Starbox character
| type = <!--Type of star (e.g., main sequence star, protostar, white dwarf, neutron star, etc.)-->
| mass-earth =
| class = G<ref name=KIC>{{cite web | url=http://archive.stsci.edu/kepler/data_search/search.php?action=Search&ktc_kepler_id=12735740 |title=Kepler Data Search Results | publisher=Space Telescope Science Institute | work=MAST | accessdate=January 12, 2013}}</ref><ref name=classgroup=note>The stellar temperature is 5629 K, roughly the same as the G2V [[Sun]]'s 5778 K.</ref>
| radius_earth = {{val|10.12|0.56}}<ref name="arXiv-20130103" />
|appmag_1_passband = J
| density =
| appmag_1 = 11.501 ± 0.023<ref name=2MASS />
| gravity =
| gravity_earth =
| appmag_2_passband = H
| appmag_2 = 11.182 ± 0.03<ref name=2MASS />
| temperature = {{convert|185.15|K|°C °F|abbr=on}}min to {{convert|303.15|K|°C °F|abbr=on}}max<ref name="Space-20130113" /><br>{{convert|281|K|°C °F|abbr=on}}mean<ref name="arXiv-20130103" />
| appmag_3_passband = K
}}
| appmag_3 = 11.116 ± 0.022<ref name=2MASS />
{{Planetbox discovery
| appmag_4_passband = B1
| discovery_date = January 3, 2013<ref name="arXiv-20130103" />
| appmag_4 = 12.34<ref name=2MASS />
| discoverers = [[Planet Hunters]]
| discovery_site =
| appmag_5_passband = R1
| appmag_5 = 12.62<ref name=2MASS />
| discovery_method = [[Methods_of_detecting_extrasolar_planets#Transit_method|Transit]] ([[Kepler Mission#Objectives and methods|Kepler Mission Method]])
| appmag_6_passband = <!-- Passband for sixth apparent magnitude (e.g., H, J, K, etc.) -->
| discovery_status = Journal ([[arXiv]]) announcement.<ref name="arXiv-20130103" />
| appmag_6 = <!-- Value of sixth apparent magnitude -->
| appmag_7_passband = <!-- Passband for seventh apparent magnitude (e.g., H, J, K, etc.) -->
| appmag_7 = <!-- Value of seventh apparent magnitude -->
| appmag_8_passband = <!-- Passband for eighth apparent magnitude (e.g., H, J, K, etc.) -->
| appmag_8 = <!-- Value of eighth apparent magnitude -->
| r-i = <!--R-I color-->
| v-r = <!--V-R color-->
| b-v = 0.072<ref name=KIC />
| u-b = <!--U-B color-->
| j-h = <!--J-H color-->
| j-k = <!--J-K color-->
| variable = <!--Variability type-->
}}
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
{{Planetbox reference
| radial_v = <!--Radial velocity (in km/sec)-->
| star =
| prop_mo_ra = 4 ± 4 <ref name=2MASS /><ref group=note name=sigfigs>Source only gives one [[significant figure]].</ref>
| planet =

| prop_mo_dec = 14 ± 4 <ref name=2MASS /><ref group=note name=sigfigs />| parallax = <!--Parallax (in milliarcsec)-->

| p_error = <!--Parallax error (in milliarcsec)-->
| parallax_footnote = <!--Parallax footnote-->
| dist_ly = <!--Distance (in light years)-->
| dist_pc = <!--Distance (in parsecs)-->
| absmag_v = <!--Absolute magnitude ([[UBV photometric system|Johnson-Cousins V system]])-->
| absmag_bol = 4.6<ref name=mamajek-2012>{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/sun.txt | title=Basic Astronomical Data for the Sun (BADS) | publisher=University of Rochester | date=December 30, 2012 | accessdate=January 12, 2013 | author=Mamajek, Eric}}</ref><ref name=absmag group=note>Calculated based on -2.5 log<sub>10</sub> of luminosity differences.</ref>
}}
}}
{{Starbox detail
{{Planetbox end}}
| source = <!--[source url]-->
'''PH2 b''' (standing for ''"Planet Hunters 2 b"''), is a confirmed [[extrasolar planet]] in the habitable zone of its star.<ref name="arXiv-20130103" /><ref name="Space-20130113">{{cite web |last=Howell|first=Elizabeth |title=Amateur Astronomers Discover 42 Alien Planets|url=http://www.space.com/19233-amateurs-discover-alien-planets.html |date=January 13, 2013|publisher=[[Space.com]] |accessdate=January 13, 2013 }}</ref>
| mass = <!--Mass (in solar masses)-->
The "Jupiter-size" exoplanet was discovered by amateur astronomers from the [[Planet Hunters]] project of [[amateur astronomer]]s using data from the [[Kepler (spacecraft)|Kepler Mission]] [[space observatory]] and confirmed, with 99.9 percent confidence, by observations at the [[W. M. Keck Observatory]] in [[Hawaii]].<ref name="Space-20130113" /> ''PH2 b'' was announced on January 3, 2013 and is the second confirmed planet discovered by [http://www.planethunters.org PlanetHunters.org] (the first being [[PH1]]).<ref name="arXiv-20130103" /><ref name="Space-20130113" />
| mass_mj = <!--Mass (in Jupiter masses)-->
[[Image:LombergA1024.jpg|thumb|left|400px|The ''[[Kepler (spacecraft)|Kepler Space Telescope]]'' search volume, in the context of the [[Milky Way Galaxy]].]]
| radius = 1.168<ref name=KIC />
{{-}}
| radius_rj = <!--Radius (in Jupiter radii)-->
| luminosity = <!--Luminosity (in solar luminosities); prefer luminosity_bolometric or luminosity_visual-->
| luminosity_bolometric = 1.2<ref group=note name=stefan-boltzmann>Computed from [[Stefan-Boltzmann law]] and temperature/radius values.</ref>
| luminosity_visual = <!--Luminosity (in solar luminosities), visual (V)-->
| gravity = 4.408 ± 0.044<ref name=wang-2013 />
| temperature = 5629 <sup>+42</sup><sub>-45</sub>
| metal = <!--Metallicity (no units provided by template)-->
| metal_fe = -0.07 ± 0.05
| rotation = <!--Rotation (no units provided by template)-->
| rotational_velocity = 1.43 ± 0.08
| age = <!--Age (in years)-->
| age_myr = <!--Age (in millions of years)-->
| age_gyr = <!--Age (in billions of years)-->
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names = [[2MASS]] 19190326+5157453
| component1 = <!-- Double star component 1 primary designation -->
| names1 = <!-- Other catalog designations for component 1 -->
| component2 = <!-- Double star component 2 primary designation -->
| names2 = <!-- Other catalog designations for component 2-->
}}
{{starbox reference
|KIC=12735740
|Simbad=KIC+12735740
}}
{{starbox end}}


<!--the Simbad reference will work once that database is fixed-->
==See also==
'''PH2''', also known as '''KIC 12735740''', is a [[G-type star]]<ref name=wang-2013 /><ref group=note name=class /> located within the constellation [[Cygnus]].<ref name=vizier /> Roughly the size and temperature<ref name=KIC /> of the Sun,<ref name=sunfactsheet>{{cite web |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html | title=Sun Fact Sheet | publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |date=March 2, 2012 | accessdate=January 12, 2013 | author=Williams, David R.}}</ref> Detected in archival data from the ''[[Kepler (spacecraft)|Kepler]]'' space telescope, PH2 gained prominence when it was known to be the host of one of 42 planet candidates detected by the[[Planet Hunters]] [[citizen science]] project in its second data release.<ref name=howell-2013>{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/19233-amateurs-discover-alien-planets.html | title=Amateur Astronomers Discover 42 Alien Planets | work=Space.com |date=11 January 2013 | agency=Space.com | accessdate=January 12, 2013 | author=Howell, Elizabeth}}</ref> The candidate orbiting around PH2, known as '''PH2 b''', had been determined to have a spurious detection probability of only 0.08%, thus effectively confirming its existence as a planet.<ref name=wang-2013>{{cite arXiv |last1=Wang |first1=Ji |authorlink= |eprint=1301.0644 |title=Planet Hunters. V. A Confirmed Jupiter-Size Planet in the Habitable Zone and 42 Planet Candidates from the Kepler Archive Data |class=astro-ph |year=January 3, 2013 |version=v1|accessdate=January 12, 2012 }}</ref> Located in its parent star's [[habitable zone]], PH2 b is a [[gas giant]] which may have a [[extrasolar moon|natural satellite]] suitable for hosting life.<ref name=howell-2013 />
* [[Exoplanet]]
* [[Kepler (spacecraft)]]


== History of detection ==
==References==
PH2 b was detected, along with 42 other planet candidates, in archival data from ''Kepler'' by the Planet Hunters project, in which human volunteers analyze the [[light curve]]s of ''Kepler'' target stars, searching for [[transit method|planetary transit]] signals which may be missed by computer programs.<ref name=wang-2013 /> Previous work by Planet Hunters helped to confirm the existence of [[PH1|PH1 b]], a [[Neptune]]-mass planet within a four-star system.
{{reflist}}

All of the candidates in the second, including PH2 b, were identified by citizen scientists Abe J. Hoekstra, Thomas Lee Jacobs, Daryll LaCourse, Hans Martin Schwengler, and Mike Chopin among others, with the help of [[Yale University]] astronomers.<ref name=wang-2013 /> In addition to PH2 b itself, twenty other planet candidates were found which are located in the habitable zones of their host stars; however, these have a relatively high probability of spurious detection and may well come from non-planetary sources.<ref name=wang-2013 />

Although the planet's initial detection was made using ''Kepler'' data, PH2's stellar spectra, required to rule out background stars or faint companions with planets as sources for the observed transits, were collected using the [[HIRES]] instrument at the [[W. M. Keck Observatory]].<ref name=wang-2013 />

== Planetary system ==
PH2 is host to one confirmed planet, PH2 b, orbiting with a period of about 282 days, placing it and any possible moons in the habitable zone.<ref name=howell-2013 /> The temperature in the upper atmosphere of the planet could range from {{convert|185|K|C}} to {{convert|303|K|C}}.<ref name=wang-2013 /> A moon of PH2 b would likely have "a rocky core, plus a greenhouse atmosphere of some sort that could have liquid water on its surface" in the words of the researchers, thus further improving its prospects for habitability.<ref name=howell-2013 />

{{OrbitboxPlanet begin
|table_ref=<ref name=wang-2013 />}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = b
| mass = <!--Mass of the planet, in Jupiter masses (can use mass_earth instead)-->
| mass_earth = <!--Mass of the planet, in Earth masses (can use mass instead)-->
| radius =
| radius_earth = 10.12 ± 0.56
| semimajor = <!--Semimajor axis (or distance from star) of the planet in AU-->
| period = 282.5255 ± 0.0010
| eccentricity = <!--Eccentricity of the planet-->
}}
{{orbitbox end}}


==External links==
== Notes ==
=== References ===
{{Commons category|Kepler Mission}}
{{Reflist}}
* [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/main/index.html Kepler Mission] – [[NASA]].
=== Footnotes ===
* [http://archive.stsci.edu/kepler/koi/search.php Kepler KOI Data Search].
{{reflist|group=note}}
* [http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=KIC-12735740 KIC-12735740 Data at Exoplanet Archive/[[CalTech]]]
* [http://www.cthreepo.com/stars/viewK.php?KIC=12735740 KIC-12735740 Star on Star Finder/KPGraham]
* [http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/extrasolarplanets.html Extrasolar Planets -Data/JohnstonArchive]


<!-- footers here -->
<!--- Categories --->
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]
{{exoplanets}}
{{Exoplanet search projects}}
{{portal bar|Astronomy|}}
<!-- categories here -->
[[Category:Cygnus (constellation)]]
[[Category:Extrasolar planets]]
[[Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2013]]
[[Category:Extrasolar planets discovered by Kepler (spacecraft)]]
[[Category:Kepler Objects of Interest]]
[[Category:Planetary systems]]
[[Category:Transiting extrasolar planets]]
<!-- stub types here -->
{{Extrasolar-planet-stub}}
<!-- interlanguage links here -->

Revision as of 02:34, 15 January 2013

PH2

Artist's conception of PH2 and its planet, PH2 b, viewed from a hypothetical moon of the planet.
Observation data
Epoch J2000[1]      Equinox J2000[1]
Constellation Cygnus[2]
Right ascension 19h 19m 03.264s
Declination +51° 57′ 45.36″
Characteristics
Spectral type G[3][4]
Apparent magnitude (J) 11.501 ± 0.023[1]
Apparent magnitude (H) 11.182 ± 0.03[1]
Apparent magnitude (K) 11.116 ± 0.022[1]
Apparent magnitude (B1) 12.34[1]
Apparent magnitude (R1) 12.62[1]
B−V color index 0.072[3]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ) RA: 4 ± 4 [1][note 1] mas/yr
Dec.: 14 ± 4 [1][note 1] mas/yr
Absolute bolometric
magnitude (Mbol)		4.6[5][note 2]
Details
Radius1.168[3] R☉
Luminosity (bolometric)1.2[note 3] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.408 ± 0.044[6] cgs
Temperature5629 +42-45 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]-0.07 ± 0.05 dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)1.43 ± 0.08 km/s
Other designations
2MASS 19190326+5157453
Database references
SIMBADdata
KICdata

PH2, also known as KIC 12735740, is a G-type star[6][note 4] located within the constellation Cygnus.[2] Roughly the size and temperature[3] of the Sun,[7] Detected in archival data from the Kepler space telescope, PH2 gained prominence when it was known to be the host of one of 42 planet candidates detected by thePlanet Hunters citizen science project in its second data release.[8] The candidate orbiting around PH2, known as PH2 b, had been determined to have a spurious detection probability of only 0.08%, thus effectively confirming its existence as a planet.[6] Located in its parent star's habitable zone, PH2 b is a gas giant which may have a natural satellite suitable for hosting life.[8]

History of detection

PH2 b was detected, along with 42 other planet candidates, in archival data from Kepler by the Planet Hunters project, in which human volunteers analyze the light curves of Kepler target stars, searching for planetary transit signals which may be missed by computer programs.[6] Previous work by Planet Hunters helped to confirm the existence of PH1 b, a Neptune-mass planet within a four-star system.

All of the candidates in the second, including PH2 b, were identified by citizen scientists Abe J. Hoekstra, Thomas Lee Jacobs, Daryll LaCourse, Hans Martin Schwengler, and Mike Chopin among others, with the help of Yale University astronomers.[6] In addition to PH2 b itself, twenty other planet candidates were found which are located in the habitable zones of their host stars; however, these have a relatively high probability of spurious detection and may well come from non-planetary sources.[6]

Although the planet's initial detection was made using Kepler data, PH2's stellar spectra, required to rule out background stars or faint companions with planets as sources for the observed transits, were collected using the HIRES instrument at the W. M. Keck Observatory.[6]

Planetary system

PH2 is host to one confirmed planet, PH2 b, orbiting with a period of about 282 days, placing it and any possible moons in the habitable zone.[8] The temperature in the upper atmosphere of the planet could range from 185 K (−88 °C) to 303 K (30 °C).[6] A moon of PH2 b would likely have "a rocky core, plus a greenhouse atmosphere of some sort that could have liquid water on its surface" in the words of the researchers, thus further improving its prospects for habitability.[8]

The PH2 planetary system[6]
Companion
(in order from star) 		Mass Semimajor axis
(AU) 		Orbital period
(days) 		Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b — — 282.5255 ± 0.0010 — — 10.12 ± 0.56 R🜨

Notes

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Gator Cone Search Result". The Two Micron All Sky Survey at IPAC. NASA/IPAC. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
  2. ^ a b "VizieR Detailed Page". VizieR. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d "Kepler Data Search Results". MAST. Space Telescope Science Institute. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
  4. ^ The stellar temperature is 5629 K, roughly the same as the G2V Sun's 5778 K.
  5. ^ Mamajek, Eric (December 30, 2012). "Basic Astronomical Data for the Sun (BADS)". University of Rochester. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wang, Ji (January 3, 2013). "Planet Hunters. V. A Confirmed Jupiter-Size Planet in the Habitable Zone and 42 Planet Candidates from the Kepler Archive Data". arXiv:1301.0644 [astro-ph]. {{cite arXiv}}: Unknown parameter |accessdate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |version= ignored (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  7. ^ Williams, David R. (March 2, 2012). "Sun Fact Sheet". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
  8. ^ a b c d Howell, Elizabeth (11 January 2013). "Amateur Astronomers Discover 42 Alien Planets". Space.com. Space.com. Retrieved January 12, 2013.

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b Source only gives one significant figure.
  2. ^ Calculated based on -2.5 log10 of luminosity differences.
  3. ^ Computed from Stefan-Boltzmann law and temperature/radius values.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference class was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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