Codonopsis pilosula: Difference between revisions

Codonopsis pilosula
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Campanulaceae
Genus:	Codonopsis
Species:	C. pilosula
Binomial name
	Codonopsis pilosula; Franch.

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Revision as of 15:14, 5 July 2013

Codonopsis pilosula (Chinese: 党参; pinyin: dǎngshēn), also known as dang shen or poor man's ginseng, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the bellflower family. It is native to Asia, where it grows in forests, meadows, and scrub.^[1]

Description

The plant produces twining stems up to 2 meters long. It has lateral branches with alternately arranged leaves and small branchlets with oppositely arranged leaves. The ovate leaves are up to 7.3 centimeters long and are usually coated with short hairs. Solitary flowers occur at the branch tips. The bell-shaped flower is about 2 centimeters long and wide and is yellow-green with purple spots inside. The fruit capsule is up to 2.4 centimeters long.^[1]

Traditional uses

The roots of C. pilosula are used in traditional Chinese medicine. They are carrot-shaped or cylindrical, sometimes branched, and up to 30 centimeters long by 3 wide.^[1] They are a constituent of Radix Codonopsis, an herbal mix used to improve appetite and energy.^[2]

Subspecies

There are 3 subspecies:^[1]

Codonopsis pilosula ssp. handeliana (Chinese: 闪毛党参, shan mao dang shen)
Codonopsis pilosula ssp. pilosula (Chinese: 党参(原亚种, dang shen, yuan ya zhong)
Codonopsis pilosula ssp. tangshen (Chinese: 川党参, chuan dang shen) - widely cultivated

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Codonopsis pilosula. Flora of China.
^ Li, C. Y., et al. (2009). Quality assessment of Radix Codonopsis by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance. Journal of Chromatography A 1216(11) 2124-29.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{italic title}}
 {{taxobox
-|name = ''Codonopsis pilosula''
 |image = Codonopsis pilosula flowers.jpg
-|image_caption = ''Codonopsis pilosula''
 |regnum = [[Plantae]]
 |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
@@ Line 15: / Line 13: @@
 |binomial_authority = [[Franch.]]
 |}}
-'''''Codonopsis pilosula''''' ({{zh|c=[[wiktionary:党|党]][[wiktionary:参|参]]|p=dǎngshēn}}), also known as '''dang shen''' or '''poor man's ginseng''', is a [[Perennial plant|perennial]] species of [[flowering plant]] native to [[Northeast Asia]] and [[Korea]] and usually found growing around streambanks and forest openings under the shade of trees.
+'''''Codonopsis pilosula''''' ({{zh|c=[[wiktionary:党|党]][[wiktionary:参|参]]|p=dǎngshēn}}), also known as '''dang shen''' or '''poor man's ginseng''', is a [[Perennial plant|perennial]] species of [[flowering plant]] in the [[campanulaceae|bellflower family]]. It is native to Asia, where it grows in forests, meadows, and [[Shrubland|scrub]].<ref name=china>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200022921 ''Codonopsis pilosula''.] Flora of China.</ref>
+{{commonscat}}
-==Growth==
+==Description==
+The plant produces twining stems up to 2 meters long. It has lateral branches with alternately arranged leaves and small branchlets with oppositely arranged leaves. The ovate leaves are up to 7.3 centimeters long and are usually coated with short hairs. Solitary flowers occur at the branch tips. The bell-shaped flower is about 2 centimeters long and wide and is yellow-green with purple spots inside. The fruit capsule is up to 2.4 centimeters long.<ref name=china/>
-The plant is [[shrubby]] and dense and has a tendency to climb, producing heart shaped leaves, light green five pointed bell shaped flowers with prominent yellow or light purple veins. The plant can grow up to 8-10 feet in height with roots 1-3&nbsp;cm thick.
 ==Traditional uses==
-[[Image:Codonopsis pilosula 1.jpg|thumb|left|180px|''Codonopsis pilosula'' leaves]]
+[[Image:Codonopsis pilosula 1.jpg|thumb|right|Leaves]][[Image:Codonopsispilosula-dried.jpg|thumb|right|Dried ''Codonopsis pilosula'' root]]
+The roots of ''C. pilosula'' are used in [[traditional Chinese medicine]]. They are carrot-shaped or cylindrical, sometimes branched, and up to 30 centimeters long by 3 wide.<ref name=china/> They are a constituent of Radix Codonopsis, an herbal mix used to improve appetite and energy.<ref name=li>Li, C. Y., et al. (2009). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19004445 Quality assessment of Radix Codonopsis by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance.] ''Journal of Chromatography A'' 1216(11) 2124-29.</ref>
-The roots of ''C. pilosula'' (radix) are used in [[traditional Chinese medicine]]. The roots are harvested from the plant during the third or fourth year of growth and dried prior to sale.
-[[Image:Codonopsispilosula-dried.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Dried ''Codonopsis pilosula'' root]]
-The root is also used as a gentler and more economical substitute for ''[[Panax ginseng]]''.{{fact|date=October 2011}}
-==Varieties==
+==Subspecies==
+There are 3 subspecies:<ref name=china/>
-* ''Codonopsis pilosula'' var. handeliana - <!--add pinyin here-->({{zh|c=闪毛党参}})
-* ''Codonopsis pilosula'' var. modesta - <!--add pinyin here-->({{zh|c=素花党参}})
+* ''Codonopsis pilosula'' ssp. ''handeliana'' ({{zh|c=闪毛党参}}, shan mao dang shen)
-* ''Codonopsis pilosula'' var. volubilis - <!--add pinyin here-->({{zh|c=缠绕党参}})
+* ''Codonopsis pilosula'' ssp. ''pilosula'' ({{zh|c=党参(原亚种}}, dang shen, yuan ya zhong)
+* ''Codonopsis pilosula'' ssp. ''tangshen'' ({{zh|c=川党参}}, chuan dang shen)  - widely cultivated
 ==References==
+{{reflist}}
+==Further reading==
 #{{cite journal |author=Wang ZT, Ng TB, Yeung HW, Xu GJ |title=Immunomodulatory effect of a polysaccharide-enriched preparation of Codonopsis pilosula roots |journal=Gen. Pharmacol. |volume=27 |issue=8 |pages=1347–50 |year=1996 |month=December |pmid=9304404}}
-== Further reading ==
-*Winston, David & Maimes, Steven. “Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief,” Healing Arts Press, 2007.
-==External links==
-*[http://img.china.alibaba.com/img/offer/32/53/24/18/32532418 ''C. pilusula'' photo]
 [[Category:Campanulaceae]]