Kuki–Paite Conflict: Difference between revisions
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This conflict involved two ethnic groups in [[Churachandpur district]] in [[Manipur]], India, the [[Paite people|Paite]] (a [[Zomi]] tribe) and the [[Kuki peoples|Kuki]] (who had been displaced from further north in Manipur). Lasting from June 1997 to October 1998 it also drew in smaller ethnic groups and by the end "pver 50 villages were destroyed and some 13 000 people were displaced." . According to the Manipur government's official record, the clash claimed the lives of 352 persons, injured 136 and reduced 4670 houses to ashes.<ref name=Rodger>{{cite journal|last=Rodger|first=Alison J|coauthors=Mike Toole, Baby Lalnuntluangi, V. Muana, & Peter Deutschmann|title=DOTS-based tuberculosis treatment and control during civil conflict and an HIV epidemic, Churachandpur District, India|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|year=2002|volume=80|issue=6|accessdate=24 January 2014}}</ref> The majority moved to areas surrounding the district capital of Churachandpur and Mizoram, where they were housed in makeshift refugee centres in schools, hospitals, and other buildings. Several hundred Indian Army soldiers were moved into Churachandpur with the purpose of restoring order. This was not successful, however, and outbreaks of violence continued until the church brokered a ceasefire in October 1998. |
This conflict involved two ethnic groups in [[Churachandpur district]] in [[Manipur]], India, the [[Paite people|Paite]] (a [[Zomi]] tribe) and the [[Kuki peoples|Kuki]] (who had been displaced from further north in Manipur). Lasting from June 1997 to October 1998 it also drew in smaller ethnic groups and by the end "pver 50 villages were destroyed and some 13 000 people were displaced." . According to the Manipur government's official record, the clash claimed the lives of 352 persons, injured 136 and reduced 4670 houses to ashes.<ref name=Rodger>{{cite journal|last=Rodger|first=Alison J|coauthors=Mike Toole, Baby Lalnuntluangi, V. Muana, & Peter Deutschmann|title=DOTS-based tuberculosis treatment and control during civil conflict and an HIV epidemic, Churachandpur District, India|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|year=2002|volume=80|issue=6|accessdate=24 January 2014}}</ref> The majority moved to areas surrounding the district capital of Churachandpur and Mizoram, where they were housed in makeshift refugee centres in schools, hospitals, and other buildings. Several hundred Indian Army soldiers were moved into Churachandpur with the purpose of restoring order. This was not successful, however, and outbreaks of violence continued until the church brokered a ceasefire in October 1998. |
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The immediate cause of the Kuki–Zomi conflict was the June 24, 1997 Saikul incident when extremists from a Kuki |
The immediate cause of the Kuki–Zomi conflict was the June 24, 1997 Saikul incident when extremists from the Kuki National Front (President)], a Kuki insurgent group,<ref>{{cite web|title=Kuki National Front|url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/manipur/terrorist_outfits/knf.htm|publisher=South Asia Terrorism Portal|accessdate=31 January 2014}}</ref> fired on a Paite village, killing at least eight villagers and wounding seven.<ref>http://www.indianexpress.com/Storyold/5094/</ref> Violence started to take it course. |
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== Peace Process == |
== Peace Process == |
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Revision as of 06:29, 31 January 2014
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This conflict involved two ethnic groups in Churachandpur district in Manipur, India, the Paite (a Zomi tribe) and the Kuki (who had been displaced from further north in Manipur). Lasting from June 1997 to October 1998 it also drew in smaller ethnic groups and by the end "pver 50 villages were destroyed and some 13 000 people were displaced." . According to the Manipur government's official record, the clash claimed the lives of 352 persons, injured 136 and reduced 4670 houses to ashes.[1] The majority moved to areas surrounding the district capital of Churachandpur and Mizoram, where they were housed in makeshift refugee centres in schools, hospitals, and other buildings. Several hundred Indian Army soldiers were moved into Churachandpur with the purpose of restoring order. This was not successful, however, and outbreaks of violence continued until the church brokered a ceasefire in October 1998.
The immediate cause of the Kuki–Zomi conflict was the June 24, 1997 Saikul incident when extremists from the Kuki National Front (President)], a Kuki insurgent group,[2] fired on a Paite village, killing at least eight villagers and wounding seven.[3] Violence started to take it course.
Peace Process
The first agreement of peace was initiated by dignitaries from Mizoram Peace Mission, namely, Pu C. Chawngkunga, Pu H. Zathuam and Pu F. Lawmkima which was signed by both representatives of the KNF(P) and the ZRO, at Mata Dam in Churachandpur on July 8, 1997. However, this agreement was broken by the KNF(P) militants who invaded Mata village on July 10, 1997.
Peace workers re-organised a forum for re-affirming the hard-sought peace agreement, and brought the warring camps to another negotiation parley on July 18, 1997 wherein previous peace agreement was duly re-affirmed. However, that too, was aborted by the KNF(P) by deliberate acts of aggressions on the villages of Leijangphai, Tallian and Savaipaih in which 13 (thirteen) houses were burnt down.
Final Peace Accord between Kuki and Zomis for Restoration of Peace and Normalcy
Introduction: The State High Level Committee headed by Shri W. Nipamacha Singh, Chief Minister of Manipur, initiated Peace Process between Kuki and Zomis communities. As instructed by the State Government and as authorised by the conflicting parties, the Zomi council and Kuki Inpi after every exerted effort on behalf of their represented respective parties pledge to forgive and forget the past mistakes committed against each other. The Zomi Council and Kuki Inpi highly appreciate the State Government for all its official commitments for peace and reconstruction programmes.
Compromise: As a token of customary apology for mowing down ten innocent persons and injuring other four persons on the night of 24 June 1997, at Saikul Village by the KNF thereby dragging the two communities into conflict, the Kuki Inpi offered a feast by killing a four legged animal, a bull (Bawngtal), on 29 September 1998. In a very cordial atmosphere and mutual trust, the feast was happily shared together by leaders of the Kuki Inpi and the Zomi Council. In response to the good gesture shown by the Kuki Inpi, the Zomi Council showed their goodness and love for peace in the form of killing another four legged animal, a pig (Voktal), the following day, 30 September 1998, which was happily shared together by both community leaders.
Agreement: Both the parties agreed upon the following points:-
1. That, the nomenclatures Kuki and Zomi shall be mutually respected by all Zomis and Kukis. Every individual or group of persons shall be at liberty to call himself or themselves by any name, and the nomenclature KUKI and ZOMI shall not in any way be imposed upon any person or group against his/their will at any point of time.
2. That, any person who has occupied or has physical possession of any land/private building/houses and quarters wrongfully and illegally during the period of clashes shall return and restore to the rightful owners, such lands and buildings.
3. That, no Kuki or Zomi militant shall indulge themselves in any forcible collection of funds, taxes etc., against their counterpart nomenclature be it from the Government Officials, individuals, contractors, and business establishments.
4. That, all points of MoUs between the Kuki Inpi and the Zomi Council shall be operative and binding to all concerned persons and parties including the government.
Signed this 1 October 1998 on behalf of Kukis and Zomis respectively.
Sd/- (Albert Gen Goukhup Mate) President, Kuki Inpi Churachandpur
Sd/- (K. Vungzalian) Chairman, Zomi Council
References
- ^ Rodger, Alison J (2002). "DOTS-based tuberculosis treatment and control during civil conflict and an HIV epidemic, Churachandpur District, India". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 80 (6).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ "Kuki National Front". South Asia Terrorism Portal. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
- ^ http://www.indianexpress.com/Storyold/5094/