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{{See also|Religion in Scotland|Scottish religion in the eighteenth century|History of religion in Scotland}} |
{{See also|Religion in Scotland|Scottish religion in the eighteenth century|History of religion in Scotland}} |
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While the landlords responsible for the [[Highland Clearances]] |
While the landlords responsible for the [[Highland Clearances]] do not seem to have targeted people for ethnic or religious reasons,<ref>G. Dawson and S. Farber, ''Forcible Displacement Throughout the Ages: Towards an International Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Forcible Displacement'' (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2012), ISBN 9004220542, p. 31.</ref> anti-Catholic feeling may have supported the Clearances, which may have affected the Catholic population selectively. |
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====Roman Catholicism==== |
====Roman Catholicism==== |
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Large numbers of Catholics emigrated from the Western Highlands in the period 1770 to 1810 and there is evidence that anti Catholic sentiment (along with famine, poverty and rising rents) was a contributory factor in that period.<ref> |
Large numbers of Catholics emigrated from the Western Highlands in the period 1770 to 1810 and there is evidence that anti Catholic sentiment (along with famine, poverty and rising rents) was a contributory factor in that period.<ref> |
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{{cite book|last=Richards|first=Eric|year=2008|title=The Highland Clearances: People, Landlords and Rural Turmoil|publisher=Birlinn Ltd|location=Edinburgh|chapter=Chapter 4, Section VI: Emigration|page=81}}</ref><ref>Toomey, Kathleen (1991) [http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6795 ''Emigration from the Scottish Catholic bounds 1770-1810 and the role of the clergy''], PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.</ref> |
{{cite book|last=Richards|first=Eric|year=2008|title=The Highland Clearances: People, Landlords and Rural Turmoil|publisher=Birlinn Ltd|location=Edinburgh|chapter=Chapter 4, Section VI: Emigration|page=81}}</ref><ref>Toomey, Kathleen (1991) [http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6795 ''Emigration from the Scottish Catholic bounds 1770-1810 and the role of the clergy''], PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.</ref><ref>Prebble, John (1961) ''Culloden'', Pimlico, London pp. 49-51, 325-326.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Appreciation: John Prebble' |url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/feb/09/guardianobituaries |newspaper=The Guardian|date=9 February 2001 |accessdate=5 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Cultural Impact of the Highland Clearances |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/scotland_clearances_01.shtml |newspaper=Noble, Ross BBC History |date=7 July 2008 |accessdate=5 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Toiling in the Vale of Tears: Everyday life and Resistance in South Uist, Outer Hebrides, 1760-1860 |newspaper=International Journal of Historical Archaeology |date=June 1999 |accessdate=7 February 2014}}{{jstor|20852924}}</ref><ref>Prebble, John (1969) ''The Highland Clearances'', Penguin, London p. 137.</ref><ref>Kelly, Bernard William (1905) ''The Fate of Glengarry: or, The Expatriation of the Macdonells, an historico-biographical study'', James Duffy & Co. Ltd, Dublin pp. 6-11, 18-31, 43-45.</ref><ref>Rea, J.E. (1974) ''Bishop Alexander MacDonell and The Politics of Upper Canada'', Ontario Historical Society, Toronto pp. 2-7, 9-10.</ref> The Catholic Bishop [[Alexander Macdonell (bishop)|Alexander Macdonnell]] enabled a disbanded army regiment to settle, with their families, in Ontario, Canada.<ref>Kelly, Bernard William (1905) ''The Fate of Glengarry: or, The Expatriation of the Macdonells, an historico-biographical study'', James Duffy & Co. Ltd, Dublin</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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Revision as of 18:21, 4 March 2014
Religion
While the landlords responsible for the Highland Clearances do not seem to have targeted people for ethnic or religious reasons,[1] anti-Catholic feeling may have supported the Clearances, which may have affected the Catholic population selectively.
Roman Catholicism
By the late 1700s Roman Catholicism was illegal, identified with Jacobitism, and unacceptable in higher society; its adherents are difficult to estimate but were a definite minority of the Scottish population, though a majority in some parts of the Western Highlands. In 1755 it was estimated that there were some 16,500 communicants, mainly in the north and west.[2] In 1764, "the total Catholic population in Scotland would have been about 33,000 or 2.6% of the total population. Of these 23,000 were in the Highlands".[3] Another estimate for 1764 is of 13,166 Catholics in the Highlands, perhaps a quarter of whom had emigrated by 1790.[4]
Large numbers of Catholics emigrated from the Western Highlands in the period 1770 to 1810 and there is evidence that anti Catholic sentiment (along with famine, poverty and rising rents) was a contributory factor in that period.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The Catholic Bishop Alexander Macdonnell enabled a disbanded army regiment to settle, with their families, in Ontario, Canada.[14]
References
- ^ G. Dawson and S. Farber, Forcible Displacement Throughout the Ages: Towards an International Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Forcible Displacement (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2012), ISBN 9004220542, p. 31.
- ^ J. D. Mackie, B. Lenman and G. Parker, A History of Scotland (London: Penguin, 1991), ISBN 0140136495, pp. 298-9.
- ^ Toomey, Kathleen (1991) Emigration from the Scottish Catholic bounds 1770-1810 and the role of the clergy, PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6795, Chapter 1.
- ^ Lynch, Michael,Scotland, A New History, (Pimlico: London, 1992) p. 367.
- ^ Richards, Eric (2008). "Chapter 4, Section VI: Emigration". The Highland Clearances: People, Landlords and Rural Turmoil. Edinburgh: Birlinn Ltd. p. 81.
- ^ Toomey, Kathleen (1991) Emigration from the Scottish Catholic bounds 1770-1810 and the role of the clergy, PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.
- ^ Prebble, John (1961) Culloden, Pimlico, London pp. 49-51, 325-326.
- ^ "Appreciation: John Prebble'". The Guardian. 9 February 2001. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
- ^ "The Cultural Impact of the Highland Clearances". Noble, Ross BBC History. 7 July 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
- ^ "Toiling in the Vale of Tears: Everyday life and Resistance in South Uist, Outer Hebrides, 1760-1860". International Journal of Historical Archaeology. June 1999.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help)JSTOR 20852924 - ^ Prebble, John (1969) The Highland Clearances, Penguin, London p. 137.
- ^ Kelly, Bernard William (1905) The Fate of Glengarry: or, The Expatriation of the Macdonells, an historico-biographical study, James Duffy & Co. Ltd, Dublin pp. 6-11, 18-31, 43-45.
- ^ Rea, J.E. (1974) Bishop Alexander MacDonell and The Politics of Upper Canada, Ontario Historical Society, Toronto pp. 2-7, 9-10.
- ^ Kelly, Bernard William (1905) The Fate of Glengarry: or, The Expatriation of the Macdonells, an historico-biographical study, James Duffy & Co. Ltd, Dublin