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'''''Oreochromis''''' is a large [[genus]] of [[tilapiine]] [[cichlid]]s, fishes [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to [[Africa]] and the [[Middle East]]. Several species from this genus have been [[Introduced species|introduced]] far outside their native range, and are important in [[Aquaculture of tilapia|aquaculture]]. Members of this genus, as well as those of the genera ''[[Tilapia (genus)|Tilapia]]'' and ''[[Sarotherodon]]'', share the [[Common name#Biological common names|common name]] "[[tilapia]]". |
'''''Oreochromis''''' is a large [[genus]] of [[tilapiine]] [[cichlid]]s, fishes [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to [[Africa]] and the [[Middle East]]. Several species from this genus have been [[Introduced species|introduced]] far outside their native range, and are important in [[Aquaculture of tilapia|aquaculture]]. Members of this genus, as well as those of the genera ''[[Tilapia (genus)|Tilapia]]'' and ''[[Sarotherodon]]'', share the [[Common name#Biological common names|common name]] "[[tilapia]]". |
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The genus contains more than 30 [[species]], and numerous undescribed forms exist. Judging from [[mtDNA]] [[DNA sequence|sequence]] analysis, |
The genus contains more than 30 [[species]], and numerous undescribed forms exist. Judging from [[mtDNA]] [[DNA sequence|sequence]] analysis, several [[clade]]s seem to exist. In addition, some species (such as ''[[Oreochromis urolepis]]'' and the [[nlue tilapia]] ''O. aureus'') seem closer to ''Sarotherodon'' according to the mtDNA data. Research is hampered because [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridization]] runs rampant in these fishes, which confounds mtDNA data (see discussion at [[Wami tilapia]]), and the fast speed of [[evolution]] makes choice of appropriate [[nuclear DNA]] sequences difficult.<ref>(Nagl ''et al.'' 2001)</ref> |
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==Species== |
==Species== |
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The 38 recognized species in this genus are:<ref>{{FishBase genus | genus = Oreochromis| month = April | year = 2013}}</ref> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis amphimelas]]'' <small>([[Franz Martin Hilgendorf|Hilgendorf]], 1905)</small> |
* ''[[Oreochromis amphimelas]]'' <small>([[Franz Martin Hilgendorf|Hilgendorf]], 1905)</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis andersonii]]'' <small>([[Francis de Laporte de Castelnau|Castelnau]], 1861)</small> ( |
* ''[[Oreochromis andersonii]]'' <small>([[Francis de Laporte de Castelnau|Castelnau]], 1861)</small> (three-spotted tilapia) |
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* ''[[Oreochromis angolensis]]'' <small>([[Ethelwynn Trewavas|Trewavas]], 1973)</small> |
* ''[[Oreochromis angolensis]]'' <small>([[Ethelwynn Trewavas|Trewavas]], 1973)</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis aureus]]'' <small>([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1864)</small> ( |
* ''[[Oreochromis aureus]]'' <small>([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1864)</small> (blue tilapia) |
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* ''[[Oreochromis chungruruensis]]'' <small>([[Ernst Ahl|C. G. E. Ahl]], 1924)</small> |
* ''[[Oreochromis chungruruensis]]'' <small>([[Ernst Ahl|C. G. E. Ahl]], 1924)</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis esculentus]]'' <small>([[Michael Graham (biologist)|M. Graham]], 1928)</small> (Singida tilapia) |
* ''[[Oreochromis esculentus]]'' <small>([[Michael Graham (biologist)|M. Graham]], 1928)</small> (Singida tilapia) |
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* ''[[Oreochromis ismailiaensis]]'' <small>[[Imam Abd-El Ghany Ahmed Mekkawy|Mekkawy]], 1995</small> |
* ''[[Oreochromis ismailiaensis]]'' <small>[[Imam Abd-El Ghany Ahmed Mekkawy|Mekkawy]], 1995</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis jipe]]'' <small>([[Rosemary Helen Lowe-McConnell|R. H. Lowe]], 1955)</small> (Jipe tilapia) |
* ''[[Oreochromis jipe]]'' <small>([[Rosemary Helen Lowe-McConnell|R. H. Lowe]], 1955)</small> (Jipe tilapia) |
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* ''[[Oreochromis karomo]]'' <small>([[Max Poll|Poll]], 1948)</small> ( |
* ''[[Oreochromis karomo]]'' <small>([[Max Poll|Poll]], 1948)</small> (karomo) |
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* ''[[Oreochromis karongae]]'' <small>([[Ethelwynn Trewavas|Trewavas]], 1941)</small> |
* ''[[Oreochromis karongae]]'' <small>([[Ethelwynn Trewavas|Trewavas]], 1941)</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis korogwe]]'' <small>([[Rosemary Helen Lowe-McConnell|R. H. Lowe]], 1955)</small> (Korogwe tilapia) |
* ''[[Oreochromis korogwe]]'' <small>([[Rosemary Helen Lowe-McConnell|R. H. Lowe]], 1955)</small> (Korogwe tilapia) |
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* ''[[Oreochromis lepidurus]]'' <small>([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1899)</small> |
* ''[[Oreochromis lepidurus]]'' <small>([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1899)</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis leucostictus]]'' <small>( |
* ''[[Oreochromis leucostictus]]'' <small>(Trewavas, 1933)</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis lidole]]'' <small>( |
* ''[[Oreochromis lidole]]'' <small>(Trewavas, 1941)</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis macrochir]]'' <small>([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1912)</small> ( |
* ''[[Oreochromis macrochir]]'' <small>([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1912)</small> (longfin tilapia) |
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* ''[[Oreochromis mortimeri]]'' <small>([[Ethelwynn Trewavas|Trewavas]], 1966)</small> (Kariba tilapia) |
* ''[[Oreochromis mortimeri]]'' <small>([[Ethelwynn Trewavas|Trewavas]], 1966)</small> (Kariba tilapia) |
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* ''[[Oreochromis mossambicus]]'' <small>([[Wilhelm Peters|W. K. H. Peters]], 1852)</small> (Mozambique tilapia) |
* ''[[Oreochromis mossambicus]]'' <small>([[Wilhelm Peters|W. K. H. Peters]], 1852)</small> (Mozambique tilapia) |
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* ''[[Oreochromis mweruensis]]'' <small> |
* ''[[Oreochromis mweruensis]]'' <small>Trewavas], 1983</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis niloticus]]'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)</small> (Nile tilapia) |
* ''[[Oreochromis niloticus]]'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)</small> (Nile tilapia) |
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* ''[[Oreochromis placidus]]'' <small>(Trewavas, 1941)</small> |
* ''[[Oreochromis placidus]]'' <small>(Trewavas, 1941)</small> |
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** ''[[Oreochromis placidus placidus]]'' <small>( |
** ''[[Oreochromis placidus placidus]]'' <small>(Trewavas, 1941)</small> (black tilapia) |
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** ''[[Oreochromis placidus ruvumae]]'' <small>( |
** ''[[Oreochromis placidus ruvumae]]'' <small>(Trewavas, 1966)</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis rukwaensis]]'' <small>([[Franz Martin Hilgendorf|Hilgendorf]] & [[Paul Pappenheim|Pappenheim]], 1903)</small> (Lake Rukwa tilapia) |
* ''[[Oreochromis rukwaensis]]'' <small>([[Franz Martin Hilgendorf|Hilgendorf]] & [[Paul Pappenheim|Pappenheim]], 1903)</small> (Lake Rukwa tilapia) |
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* ''[[Oreochromis saka]]'' <small>([[Rosemary Helen Lowe-McConnell|R. H. Lowe]], 1953)</small> |
* ''[[Oreochromis saka]]'' <small>([[Rosemary Helen Lowe-McConnell|R. H. Lowe]], 1953)</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis schwebischi]]'' <small>([[Henri Émile Sauvage|Sauvage]], 1884)</small> |
* ''[[Oreochromis schwebischi]]'' <small>([[Henri Émile Sauvage|Sauvage]], 1884)</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis shiranus]]'' <small>Boulenger, 1897</small> |
* ''[[Oreochromis shiranus]]'' <small>Boulenger, 1897</small> |
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** ''[[Oreochromis shiranus chilwae]]'' <small>( |
** ''[[Oreochromis shiranus chilwae]]'' <small>(Trewavas, 1966)</small> (Chilwa tilapia) |
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** ''[[Oreochromis shiranus shiranus]]'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1897</small> |
** ''[[Oreochromis shiranus shiranus]]'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1897</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis spilurus]]'' <small>(Günther, 1894)</small> |
* ''[[Oreochromis spilurus]]'' <small>(Günther, 1894)</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis spilurus niger]]'' <small>( |
* ''[[Oreochromis spilurus niger]]'' <small>(Günther, 1894)</small> (Athi River tilapia) |
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* ''[[Oreochromis spilurus percivali]]'' <small>( |
* ''[[Oreochromis spilurus percivali]]'' <small>(Boulenger, 1912)</small> (Buffalo Springs tilapia) |
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* ''[[Oreochromis spilurus spilurus]]'' <small>( |
* ''[[Oreochromis spilurus spilurus]]'' <small>(Günther, 1894)</small> (Sabaki tilapia) |
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* ''[[Oreochromis squamipinnis]]'' <small>( |
* ''[[Oreochromis squamipinnis]]'' <small>(Günther, 1864)</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis tanganicae]]'' <small>( |
* ''[[Oreochromis tanganicae]]'' <small>(Günther, 1894)</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis upembae]]'' <small>([[Dirk Frans Elisabeth Thys van den Audenaerde|Thys van den Audenaerde]], 1964)</small> |
* ''[[Oreochromis upembae]]'' <small>([[Dirk Frans Elisabeth Thys van den Audenaerde|Thys van den Audenaerde]], 1964)</small> |
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* ''[[Oreochromis urolepis]]'' <small>(Norman, 1922)</small> |
* ''[[Oreochromis urolepis]]'' <small>(Norman, 1922)</small> |
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** ''[[Oreochromis urolepis hornorum]]'' <small>( |
** ''[[Oreochromis urolepis hornorum]]'' <small>(Trewavas, 1966)</small> (Wami tilapia) |
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** ''[[Oreochromis urolepis urolepis]]'' <small>( |
** ''[[Oreochromis urolepis urolepis]]'' <small>(Norman, 1922)</small> (Rufigi tilapia) |
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* ''[[Oreochromis variabilis]]'' <small>( |
* ''[[Oreochromis variabilis]]'' <small>(Boulenger, 1906)</small> (Victoria tilapia) |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{commons category}} |
{{commons category}} |
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* |
* Nagl, Sandra; Tichy, Herbert; Mayer, Werner E.; Samonte, Irene E.; McAndrew, Brendan J. & Klein, Jan (2001): Classification and Phylogenetic Relationships of African Tilapiine Fishes Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''20'''(3): 361–374. <small>{{doi|10.1006/mpev.2001.0979}}</small> |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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Revision as of 19:42, 27 July 2014
| Oreochromis | |
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| O. tanganicae | |
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| Genus: | Oreochromis Günther, 1889
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| Type species | |
| Oreochromis hunteri Günther, 1889
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Oreochromis is a large genus of tilapiine cichlids, fishes endemic to Africa and the Middle East. Several species from this genus have been introduced far outside their native range, and are important in aquaculture. Members of this genus, as well as those of the genera Tilapia and Sarotherodon, share the common name "tilapia".
The genus contains more than 30 species, and numerous undescribed forms exist. Judging from mtDNA sequence analysis, several clades seem to exist. In addition, some species (such as Oreochromis urolepis and the nlue tilapia O. aureus) seem closer to Sarotherodon according to the mtDNA data. Research is hampered because hybridization runs rampant in these fishes, which confounds mtDNA data (see discussion at Wami tilapia), and the fast speed of evolution makes choice of appropriate nuclear DNA sequences difficult.[1]
Species
The 38 recognized species in this genus are:[2]
- Oreochromis amphimelas (Hilgendorf, 1905)
- Oreochromis andersonii (Castelnau, 1861) (three-spotted tilapia)
- Oreochromis angolensis (Trewavas, 1973)
- Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864) (blue tilapia)
- Oreochromis chungruruensis (C. G. E. Ahl, 1924)
- Oreochromis esculentus (M. Graham, 1928) (Singida tilapia)
- Oreochromis hunteri Günther, 1889 (Lake Chala tilapia)
- Oreochromis ismailiaensis Mekkawy, 1995
- Oreochromis jipe (R. H. Lowe, 1955) (Jipe tilapia)
- Oreochromis karomo (Poll, 1948) (karomo)
- Oreochromis karongae (Trewavas, 1941)
- Oreochromis korogwe (R. H. Lowe, 1955) (Korogwe tilapia)
- Oreochromis lepidurus (Boulenger, 1899)
- Oreochromis leucostictus (Trewavas, 1933)
- Oreochromis lidole (Trewavas, 1941)
- Oreochromis macrochir (Boulenger, 1912) (longfin tilapia)
- Oreochromis mortimeri (Trewavas, 1966) (Kariba tilapia)
- Oreochromis mossambicus (W. K. H. Peters, 1852) (Mozambique tilapia)
- Oreochromis mweruensis Trewavas], 1983
- Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nile tilapia)
- Oreochromis placidus (Trewavas, 1941)
- Oreochromis placidus placidus (Trewavas, 1941) (black tilapia)
- Oreochromis placidus ruvumae (Trewavas, 1966)
- Oreochromis rukwaensis (Hilgendorf & Pappenheim, 1903) (Lake Rukwa tilapia)
- Oreochromis saka (R. H. Lowe, 1953)
- Oreochromis salinicola (Poll, 1948)
- Oreochromis schwebischi (Sauvage, 1884)
- Oreochromis shiranus Boulenger, 1897
- Oreochromis shiranus chilwae (Trewavas, 1966) (Chilwa tilapia)
- Oreochromis shiranus shiranus Boulenger, 1897
- Oreochromis spilurus (Günther, 1894)
- Oreochromis spilurus niger (Günther, 1894) (Athi River tilapia)
- Oreochromis spilurus percivali (Boulenger, 1912) (Buffalo Springs tilapia)
- Oreochromis spilurus spilurus (Günther, 1894) (Sabaki tilapia)
- Oreochromis squamipinnis (Günther, 1864)
- Oreochromis tanganicae (Günther, 1894)
- Oreochromis upembae (Thys van den Audenaerde, 1964)
- Oreochromis urolepis (Norman, 1922)
- Oreochromis urolepis hornorum (Trewavas, 1966) (Wami tilapia)
- Oreochromis urolepis urolepis (Norman, 1922) (Rufigi tilapia)
- Oreochromis variabilis (Boulenger, 1906) (Victoria tilapia)
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oreochromis.
- Nagl, Sandra; Tichy, Herbert; Mayer, Werner E.; Samonte, Irene E.; McAndrew, Brendan J. & Klein, Jan (2001): Classification and Phylogenetic Relationships of African Tilapiine Fishes Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 20(3): 361–374. doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.0979
- ^ (Nagl et al. 2001)
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Oreochromis". FishBase. April 2013 version.
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