John Venn: Difference between revisions
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{{other people|John Venn}} |
{{other people|John Venn}} |
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| death_place = [[Cambridge]], England |
| death_place = [[Cambridge]], England |
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| nationality = [[England|English]] |
| nationality = [[England|English]] |
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| field = [[Mathematics]]<br>[[Logic]] |
| field = [[Mathematics]]<br>[[Logic]]{{sfn|Venn|1880}}[[Philosophy]] |
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| awards = [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] |
| awards = [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''John Venn''', [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] |
'''John Venn''', [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]{{sfn|Anon|1926}}{{sfn|Pickles|2004}} (4 August 1834 – 4 April 1923) was an [[England|English]] [[logic]]ian and [[philosopher]]. He is famous for introducing the [[Venn diagram]], which is used in many fields, including [[set theory]], [[probability]], logic, [[statistics]], and [[computer science]]. |
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[[Image:Venn John signature.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Signature of John Venn]] |
[[Image:Venn John signature.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Signature of John Venn]] |
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[[Image:Venn-stainedglass-gonville-caius.jpg|thumb|upright|Stained glass window at [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge]], commemorating Venn and the Venn diagram]] |
[[Image:Venn-stainedglass-gonville-caius.jpg|thumb|upright|Stained glass window at [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge]], commemorating Venn and the Venn diagram]] |
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==Life and career== |
== Life and career == |
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⚫ | John Venn was born on 4 August 1834 in [[Kingston Upon Hull]], [[Yorkshire]] to Martha Sykes and Rev. Henry Venn, who was the rector of the parish of [[Drypool]]. His mother died when he was three years old. |
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⚫ | John Venn was born on 4 August 1834 in [[Kingston Upon Hull]], [[Yorkshire]] to Martha Sykes and Rev. Henry Venn, who was the rector of the parish of [[Drypool]]. His mother died when he was three years old.{{sfn|Famous-mathematicians.com}} Venn was descended from a long line of church evangelicals, including his grandfather [[John Venn (1759–1813)|John Venn]].{{sfn|School of Mathematics|2003}} He would follow his family lineage and become an [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] priest, ordained in 1859, serving first at the church in [[Cheshunt]], Hertfordshire, and later in [[Mortlake]], Surrey.{{sfn|Soylent Communications|2014}} |
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⚫ | He was educated by private tutors until 1853 when he went to [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge]]. |
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⚫ | He was educated by private tutors until 1853 when he went to [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge]].{{sfn|Duignan|2014}} In 1857, he obtained his degree in mathematics and became a fellow. In 1862, he returned to Cambridge University as a lecturer in moral science, studying and teaching logic and probability theory. |
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== Memorials == |
== Memorials == |
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* Venn is commemorated at the [[University of Hull]] by the Venn Building, built in 1928. |
* Venn is commemorated at the [[University of Hull]] by the Venn Building, built in 1928. |
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* A [[stained glass]] window in the dining hall of [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge]], commemorates Venn's work. |
* A [[stained glass]] window in the dining hall of [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge]], commemorates Venn's work. |
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* In commemoration of the 180th anniversary of Venn's birth, on 4 August 2014, Google replaced its logo on global search pages with a John Venn Google doodle. |
* In commemoration of the 180th anniversary of Venn's birth, on 4 August 2014, Google replaced its logo on global search pages with a John Venn Google doodle. |
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== |
== Publications == |
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* {{cite journal | author = Venn, John | title = Consistency and Real Inference |date=January 1876 | volume = 1 | journal = [[Mind (journal)|Mind]] | url = http://fair-use.org/mind/1876/01/consistency-and-real-inference | issue = 1 }} |
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Venn compiled [[Alumni Cantabrigienses]], a biographical register of former members of the [[University of Cambridge]].{{sfn|Venn|1922|p=}} This work is still being updated online, see [[#External links]], below. His other works include: |
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* {{cite journal | author = Venn, John | title = |
* {{cite journal | author = <!-- Venn, John --> | title = Consistency and Real Inference |date=January 1876 | volume = 1 | journal = [[Mind (journal)|Mind]] | url = http://fair-use.org/mind/1876/01/consistency-and-real-inference | issue = 1 }} |
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* ''The Logic of Chance: An Essay on the Foundations and Province of the Theory of Probability'' |
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** First Edition (1866): [http://books.google.com/books?id=vMBVEVc_M3MC&dq=editions:09V3JZZfabqkCAexyAoexy&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Google Book Search] |
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** Second Edition (1876): [http://books.google.com/books?id=TaMZAAAAMAAJ&dq=editions:09V3JZZfabqkCAexyAoexy&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Google Book Search] or [https://archive.org/details/50424309 Internet Archive] or [http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/no_cache/dms/load/img/?IDDOC=59523 University of Göttingen] |
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* {{cite journal | author = <!-- Venn, John --> | title = On the Employment of Geometrical Diagrams for the Sensible Representation of Logical Propositions | journal = Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society | year = 1880 | volume = 4 | pages = 47–59 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=GpI1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA47&dq=john+venn}} |
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** Third Edition (1888): [http://books.google.com/books?id=RR0jgsRmVZsC&dq=john+venn&as_brr=1&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Google Book Search] or [https://archive.org/details/logicofchance029416mbp Internet Archive] |
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* {{cite book |title=Caius College |author = Venn, John | year=1901 | publisher = F. E. Robinson & Co. | location = London | url = http://books.google.com/?id=1A4BAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=john+venn |
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* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=<!-- Venn|first=John --> |title=The Logic of Chance: An Essay on the Foundations and Province of the Theory of Probability, with Especial Reference to Its Application to Moral and Social Science|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vMBVEVc_M3MC|edition=First|year=1866|publisher=Macmillan|location=London and Cambridge}}. Two further editions were published{{sfn|Venn|1876}}{{sfn|Venn|1888}} |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |title=The Annals of Gonville and Caius College |author=John Caius, John Venn |
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* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=<!-- Venn|first=John --> |title=Caius College|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1A4BAAAAYAAJ|year=1901|publisher=F. E. Robinson & Company|location=London }} |
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|year=1904 |publisher=Printed for the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, sold by Deighton, Bell & Co. |
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|isbn= |url=http://books.google.com/?id=qJmUDQaAHBwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=john+venn |
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* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Caius|first=John |editor=John Venn|title=The Annals of Gonville and Caius College|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qJmUDQaAHBwC|year=1904|publisher=Printed for the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, sold by Deighton, Bell & Co.}} |
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}} (1904) – by John Caius, edited by John Venn |
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* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=<!-- Venn|first=John --> |title=Annals of a Clerical Family: Being Some Account of the Family and Descendants of William Venn, Vicar of Otterton, Devon, 1600-1621|url=https://archive.org/details/annalsofclerical00vennuoft|year=1904|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04492-9}} |
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* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=<!-- Venn|first=J. --> |title=On Some of the Characteristicsof Belief|url=https://archive.org/details/onsomeofcharacte00venn|year=1870|publisher=MacMillan an Co|location=London and Cambridge}} |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist|3}} |
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== References == |
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* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Venn|first=John |title=Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900|url=https://archive.org/details/alumnicantabrigipt1vol1univiala |year=1922|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge }} |
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* {{cite doi|10.1080/14786448008626877|ref={{sfnref|Venn|1880}} }} |
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* {{cite doi|10.1098/rspa.1926.0036|ref={{sfnref|Anon|1926}}}} |
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* {{cite doi|10.1093/ref:odnb/40972|ref={{sfnref|Pickles|2004}} }} |
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* {{cite encyclopedia |
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| encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |
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| title=John Venn (English logician and philosopher) |
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| url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/625445/John-Venn |
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* {{cite web|author=Anon|url=http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/john-venn/ |title=John Venn – Mathematician Biography, Facts and Pictures |publisher=Famous-mathematicians.com |accessdate=3 August 2014|ref={{sfnref|Famous-mathematicians.com}} }} |
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* {{cite web|author=Anon|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Venn.html |title=Venn biography |publisher=School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland |date=October 2003 |year=2003 |accessdate=3 August 2014|ref={{sfnref|School of Mathematics|2003}} }} |
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* {{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/148/000275320/ |title=John Venn |author=Soylent Communications |year=2014|ref=harv |accessdate=3 August 2014}} |
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* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Venn|first=John |title=The Logic of Chance: An Essay on the Foundations and Province of the Theory of Probability, with Especial Reference to Its Logical Bearings and Its Application to Moral and Social Science|url=https://archive.org/details/50424309|edition=Second|year=1876|publisher=Macmillan}} |
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* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Venn|first=John |title=The logic of chance: an essay on the foundations and province of the theory of probability, with especial reference to its logical bearings and its application to moral and social science, and to statistics|url=https://archive.org/details/logicofchance029416mbp|edition=Third|year=1888|publisher=Macmillan}} |
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{{refend}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* [http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/ A Cambridge Alumni Database] |
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* [http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/44/1206.htm The Venn archives] clarify the confusing timeline of the various Venns. |
* [http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/44/1206.htm The Venn archives] clarify the confusing timeline of the various Venns. |
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* [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Obits/Venn.html Obituary of John Venn] (New York Times) |
* [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Obits/Venn.html Obituary of John Venn] (New York Times) |
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{{Persondata |
{{Persondata |
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|NAME = Venn, John |
| NAME = Venn, John |
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|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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|SHORT DESCRIPTION = Logician |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Logician |
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|DATE OF BIRTH = 4 August 1834 |
| DATE OF BIRTH = 4 August 1834 |
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|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull, Yorkshire]], [[England]] |
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull, Yorkshire]], [[England]] |
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|DATE OF DEATH = 4 April 1923 |
| DATE OF DEATH = 4 April 1923 |
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|PLACE OF DEATH = [[Cambridge]], [[England]] |
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Cambridge]], [[England]] |
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}} |
}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Venn, John}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Venn, John}} |
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[[Category:1834 births]] |
[[Category:1834 births]] |
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[[Category:1923 deaths]] |
[[Category:1923 deaths]] |
Revision as of 07:11, 4 August 2014
John Venn | |
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![]() | |
Born | Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire, England | 4 August 1834
Died | 4 April 1923 Cambridge, England | (aged 88)
Nationality | English |
Alma mater | University of Cambridge |
Awards | Fellow of the Royal Society |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Mathematics Logic[1]Philosophy |
Institutions | University of Cambridge |
John Venn, FRS[2][3] (4 August 1834 – 4 April 1923) was an English logician and philosopher. He is famous for introducing the Venn diagram, which is used in many fields, including set theory, probability, logic, statistics, and computer science.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Venn_John_signature.jpg/170px-Venn_John_signature.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Venn_Building%2C_University_of_Hull.jpg/220px-Venn_Building%2C_University_of_Hull.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Venn-stainedglass-gonville-caius.jpg/170px-Venn-stainedglass-gonville-caius.jpg)
Life and career
John Venn was born on 4 August 1834 in Kingston Upon Hull, Yorkshire to Martha Sykes and Rev. Henry Venn, who was the rector of the parish of Drypool. His mother died when he was three years old.[4] Venn was descended from a long line of church evangelicals, including his grandfather John Venn.[5] He would follow his family lineage and become an Anglican priest, ordained in 1859, serving first at the church in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, and later in Mortlake, Surrey.[6]
He was educated by private tutors until 1853 when he went to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.[7] In 1857, he obtained his degree in mathematics and became a fellow. In 1862, he returned to Cambridge University as a lecturer in moral science, studying and teaching logic and probability theory.
In 1868, he married Susanna Carnegie Edmonstone with whom he had one son, John Archibald Venn.
In 1883, he resigned from the clergy having concluded that Anglicanism was incompatible with his philosophical beliefs.[7] In that same year, Venn was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and was awarded a Sc.D. by Cambridge.
He died on 4 April 1923, the cause of is death was not specified.
Memorials
- Venn is commemorated at the University of Hull by the Venn Building, built in 1928.
- A stained glass window in the dining hall of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, commemorates Venn's work.
- In commemoration of the 180th anniversary of Venn's birth, on 4 August 2014, Google replaced its logo on global search pages with a John Venn Google doodle.
Publications
Venn compiled Alumni Cantabrigienses, a biographical register of former members of the University of Cambridge.[8] This work is still being updated online, see #External links, below. His other works include:
- "Consistency and Real Inference". Mind. 1 (1). January 1876.
- Symbolic Logic. London: Macmillan and Company. 1881. ISBN 1-4212-6044-1.
- "On the Employment of Geometrical Diagrams for the Sensible Representation of Logical Propositions". Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 4: 47–59. 1880.
- The Logic of Chance: An Essay on the Foundations and Province of the Theory of Probability, with Especial Reference to Its Application to Moral and Social Science (First ed.). London and Cambridge: Macmillan. 1866.
{{cite book}}
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(help). Two further editions were published[9][10]
- Caius College. London: F. E. Robinson & Company. 1901.
{{cite book}}
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(help)
- Caius, John (1904). John Venn (ed.). The Annals of Gonville and Caius College. Printed for the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, sold by Deighton, Bell & Co.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)
- Annals of a Clerical Family: Being Some Account of the Family and Descendants of William Venn, Vicar of Otterton, Devon, 1600-1621. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1904. ISBN 978-1-108-04492-9.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)
- On Some of the Characteristicsof Belief. London and Cambridge: MacMillan an Co. 1870.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)
References
References
- Venn, John (1922). Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)
- Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1080/14786448008626877, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1080/14786448008626877
instead.
- Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1098/rspa.1926.0036, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1098/rspa.1926.0036
instead.
- Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/40972, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/40972
instead.
- Duignan, Brian (22 May 2014). "John Venn (English logician and philosopher)". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
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(help); Invalid|ref=harv
(help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
- Anon. "John Venn – Mathematician Biography, Facts and Pictures". Famous-mathematicians.com. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
- Anon (October 2003). "Venn biography". School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
- Soylent Communications (2014). "John Venn". Retrieved 3 August 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)
- Venn, John (1876). The Logic of Chance: An Essay on the Foundations and Province of the Theory of Probability, with Especial Reference to Its Logical Bearings and Its Application to Moral and Social Science (Second ed.). Macmillan.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)
- Venn, John (1888). The logic of chance: an essay on the foundations and province of the theory of probability, with especial reference to its logical bearings and its application to moral and social science, and to statistics (Third ed.). Macmillan.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)
External links
- A Cambridge Alumni Database
- The Venn archives clarify the confusing timeline of the various Venns.
- Obituary of John Venn (New York Times)
- Portrait of Venn by Charles Brock, and a link to a site about Venn
- Another (clearer) view of the Venn stained glass window
- John Venn at Find a Grave
- 1834 births
- 1923 deaths
- Mathematicians from Kingston upon Hull
- Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
- 19th-century philosophers
- English mathematicians
- English logicians
- 19th-century Anglican clergy
- English philosophers
- Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
- Fellows of the Royal Society
- People associated with the University of Hull
- Clapham Sect