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{{Infobox rockunit
{{Infobox rockunit
| image = Redwall, Temple Butte and Muav formations in Grand Canyon.jpg
| image = Redwall, Temple Butte and Muav formations in Grand Canyon.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption =
| caption =
| period = Devonian
| period = Devonian
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Geological Society of America Bulletin. vol. 1:49-64.</ref>
Geological Society of America Bulletin. vol. 1:49-64.</ref>
| namedby = Walcott (1889)<ref name="Walcott1889a"/>
| namedby = Walcott (1889)<ref name="Walcott1889a"/>
| region = Northern Arizona (Grand Canyon), central Arizona
| region = Northern Arizona (Grand Canyon), central Arizona <br>& (southern) Nevada
|country = [[Southwest United States|United States of America]]
|country = [[Southwest United States|United States of America]]
| coordinates =
| coordinates =
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}}
}}


The [[Devonian]] '''Temple Butte Limestone''' outcrops through most of the Grand Canyon. Within the eastern Grand Canyon, it consists of thin, discontinuous lenses, and relatively inconspicuous lenses that fill paleovalleys cut into the underlying Muav Limestone. Within these paleovalleys, it at most is only about {{convert|100|ft|m|0}} thick at its maximum. Within the central and western Grand Canyon, the exposures are continuous. However, they tend to merge with cliffs of the much thicker and overlying Redwall Limestone.<ref name="Beuss2003a"/><ref name="Billingsley2000a">Billingsley, GH (2000) [http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2688/ ''Geologic Map of the Grand Canyon 30’ X 60’ Quadrangle, Coconino and Mohave Counties, Northwestern Arizona.''] Geologic Investigations Series no. I–2688. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.</ref>
The [[Devonian]] '''Temple Butte Limestone''' outcrops through most of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA; it also occurs in southeast Nevada. Within the eastern Grand Canyon, it consists of thin, discontinuous lenses, and relatively inconspicuous lenses that fill paleovalleys cut into the underlying Muav Limestone. Within these paleovalleys, it at most, is only about {{convert|100|ft|m|0}} thick at its maximum. Within the central and western Grand Canyon, the exposures are continuous. However, they tend to merge with cliffs of the much thicker and overlying Redwall Limestone.<ref name="Beuss2003a"/><ref name="Billingsley2000a">Billingsley, GH (2000) [http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2688/ ''Geologic Map of the Grand Canyon 30’ X 60’ Quadrangle, Coconino and Mohave Counties, Northwestern Arizona.''] Geologic Investigations Series no. I–2688. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.</ref>


Within the western and central parts of the Grand Canyon, the Temple Butte Limestone consists of a westward thickening layer of interbedded dolomite, sandy dolomite, sandstone, mudstone, and limestone that vary in color from purple, reddish-purple, dark gray, to light-gray. Within the eastern part of the Grand Canyon, the Temple Butte Limestone fills shallow paleovalleys, which are eroded into the underlying Tonto Group. The Temple Butte strata filling these paleovalleys consist of interbedded mudstone, sandstone, dolomite, and conglomerate that vary in color from purple, reddish-purple, to light gray. Typically, the paleovalley fill consists of a distinct pale, reddish purple dolomite or sandy dolomite. These paleovalleys range in depth from as much as {{convert|100|ft|m|sp=us}} to as shallow as {{convert|40|ft|m|sp=us}}.<ref name="Beuss2003a"/><ref name="Anonymous2006e"/><ref name="Billingsley2000a"/>
Within the western and central parts of the Grand Canyon, the Temple Butte Limestone consists of a westward thickening layer of interbedded dolomite, sandy dolomite, sandstone, mudstone, and limestone that vary in color from purple, reddish-purple, dark gray, to light-gray. Within the eastern part of the Grand Canyon, the Temple Butte Limestone fills shallow paleovalleys, which are eroded into the underlying Tonto Group. The Temple Butte strata filling these paleovalleys consist of interbedded mudstone, sandstone, dolomite, and conglomerate &ndash; that vary in color from purple, reddish-purple, to light gray. Typically, the paleovalley-fill consists of a distinct pale, reddish purple dolomite or sandy dolomite. These paleovalleys range in depth from as much as {{convert|100|ft|m|sp=us}}, to as shallow as {{convert|40|ft|m|sp=us}}.<ref name="Beuss2003a"/><ref name="Anonymous2006e"/><ref name="Billingsley2000a"/>


The upper and lower contacts of the Temple Butte Limestone are major unconformities. Within the Grand Canyon region, its base is a major unconformity within the Paleozoic rock record. The time represented by this unconfomity spans about 100 million years, including part of Late Cambrian, all of Ordovician and Silurian, and most of Early and Middle Devonian time. The upper contact is a disconformity that typically consists of nearly horizontal surfaces with little or no relief and overlain locally by a basal [[Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]] within the overlying Redwall Limestone.<ref name="Beuss2003a"/><ref name="Anonymous2006e"/><ref name="Billingsley2000a"/>
The upper and lower contacts of the Temple Butte Limestone are major unconformities. Within the Grand Canyon region, its base is a major unconformity within the Paleozoic rock record. The time represented by this unconfomity spans about 100 million years, including part of Late Cambrian, all of Ordovician and Silurian, and most of Early and Middle Devonian time. The upper contact is a disconformity that typically consists of nearly horizontal surfaces with little or no relief and overlain locally by a basal [[Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]] within the overlying Redwall Limestone.<ref name="Beuss2003a"/><ref name="Anonymous2006e"/><ref name="Billingsley2000a"/>
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Sequence of Lower to Middle Paleozoic Strata:<ref name="Chronic1983a">Chronic, H (1983) ''Roadside Geology of Arizona.'' The Mountaineers Books, Seattle, Washington. (softcover, ISBN 978-0-87842-147-3)</ref>
Sequence of Lower to Middle Paleozoic Strata:<ref name="Chronic1983a">Chronic, H (1983) ''Roadside Geology of Arizona.'' The Mountaineers Books, Seattle, Washington. (softcover, ISBN 978-0-87842-147-3)</ref>
* (1)-Temple Butte Limestone, Devonian-(409-363 Ma), channel deposits upon Muav Limestone
* (1)-Temple Butte Limestone, Devonian-(409-363 Ma), channel deposits upon Muav Limestone
* (major) [[unconformity]]-(505-409 Ms, or ~100 million years) <br>(Late Cabrian, all of Ordovician & Silurian, and Early & Middle Devonian)
* Tonto Group (~544-505 Ma)
* Tonto Group (~544-505 Ma)
** 3-[[Muav Limestone]]
** 3-[[Muav Limestone]] (~517-505 Ma)
** 2-[[Bright Angel Shale]]
** 2-[[Bright Angel Shale]]
** 1-[[Tapeats Sandstone]]
** 1-[[Tapeats Sandstone]] (~544-~530_


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 19:00, 19 August 2014

Temple Butte Limestone
Stratigraphic range: Middle to Late Devonian[1][2] 409–363 Ma
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesRedwall Limestone
OverliesMuav Limestone
Thickness100 feet (30 m), at maximum
Lithology
Primarydolomite
Othersandstone, mudstone, and limestone
Location
RegionNorthern Arizona (Grand Canyon), central Arizona
& (southern) Nevada
CountryUnited States of America
Type section
Named forTemple Butte, Coconino County, Arizona.[3]
Named byWalcott (1889)[3]

The Devonian Temple Butte Limestone outcrops through most of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA; it also occurs in southeast Nevada. Within the eastern Grand Canyon, it consists of thin, discontinuous lenses, and relatively inconspicuous lenses that fill paleovalleys cut into the underlying Muav Limestone. Within these paleovalleys, it at most, is only about 100 feet (30 m) thick at its maximum. Within the central and western Grand Canyon, the exposures are continuous. However, they tend to merge with cliffs of the much thicker and overlying Redwall Limestone.[1][4]

Within the western and central parts of the Grand Canyon, the Temple Butte Limestone consists of a westward thickening layer of interbedded dolomite, sandy dolomite, sandstone, mudstone, and limestone that vary in color from purple, reddish-purple, dark gray, to light-gray. Within the eastern part of the Grand Canyon, the Temple Butte Limestone fills shallow paleovalleys, which are eroded into the underlying Tonto Group. The Temple Butte strata filling these paleovalleys consist of interbedded mudstone, sandstone, dolomite, and conglomerate – that vary in color from purple, reddish-purple, to light gray. Typically, the paleovalley-fill consists of a distinct pale, reddish purple dolomite or sandy dolomite. These paleovalleys range in depth from as much as 100 feet (30 m), to as shallow as 40 feet (12 m).[1][2][4]

The upper and lower contacts of the Temple Butte Limestone are major unconformities. Within the Grand Canyon region, its base is a major unconformity within the Paleozoic rock record. The time represented by this unconfomity spans about 100 million years, including part of Late Cambrian, all of Ordovician and Silurian, and most of Early and Middle Devonian time. The upper contact is a disconformity that typically consists of nearly horizontal surfaces with little or no relief and overlain locally by a basal conglomerate within the overlying Redwall Limestone.[1][2][4]

Within the area of Frenchman Mountain, Clark County, Nevada, over 2,000 feet (610 m) of limestone and dolomite occupy the interval between the Muav and Redwall limestones, where in the Grand Canyon there exists less than 100 feet (30 m) of Temple Butte limestone. These limestone and dolomite beds represent sediments that accumulated during the period of time represented by the two disconformities that from the upper and lower contacts of the Temple Butte Limestone in the Grand Canyon.[1][5]

Geologic sequence

Sequence of Lower to Middle Paleozoic Strata:[6]

  • (1)-Temple Butte Limestone, Devonian-(409-363 Ma), channel deposits upon Muav Limestone
  • (major) unconformity-(505-409 Ms, or ~100 million years)
    (Late Cabrian, all of Ordovician & Silurian, and Early & Middle Devonian)
  • Tonto Group (~544-505 Ma)

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Temple Butte Limestone.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Beus, SS (2003) Temple Butte Formation. in: Beus, S.S., Morales, M., eds., pp. 107-117, Grand Canyon Geology. Oxford University Press, New York.
  2. ^ a b c Anonymous (2006e) Temple Butte Limestone. Stratigraphy of the Parks of the Colorado Plateau. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
  3. ^ a b Walcott, CD (1889) A Study of a Line of Displacement in the Grand Canyon of the Colorado in Northern Arizona. Geological Society of America Bulletin. vol. 1:49-64.
  4. ^ a b c Billingsley, GH (2000) Geologic Map of the Grand Canyon 30’ X 60’ Quadrangle, Coconino and Mohave Counties, Northwestern Arizona. Geologic Investigations Series no. I–2688. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
  5. ^ Shelton, JS (1966) Geology Illustrated. Freeman, San Francisco, California. 434 pp. ISBN 978-0716702290
  6. ^ Chronic, H (1983) Roadside Geology of Arizona. The Mountaineers Books, Seattle, Washington. (softcover, ISBN 978-0-87842-147-3)
  • Blakey, R, and W Ranney (2008) Ancient Landscapes of the Colorado Plateau. Grand Canyon Association, Grand Canyon Village, Arizona. 176 pp. ISBN 978-1934656037
  • Chronic, H (1983) Roadside Geology of Arizona. 23rd printing, Mountain Press Publishing Company, Missoula, Montana. 332 pp. ISBN 978-0-87842-147-3
  • Lucchitta, I (2001) Hiking Arizona's Geology. Mountaineers's Books, Seattle Washington. 290 pp. ISBN 0-89886-730-4
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