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{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| name = Euthalia monina
| name = Euthalia monina
| image = EuthaliaMonina.png
| image = Nymphalidae - Euthalia monina tanagra.JPG
| image_caption =
| image_caption = ''Euthalia monina tanagra'' from [[Palawan]]. Mounted specimen
| status =
| status =
| status_system =
| status_system =
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}}
}}


'''''Euthalia monina''''' also known as the '''Powdered Baron''' or '''Malay Baron''' is a species of [[nymphalidae|nymphalid]] butterfly found in Asia.
'''''Euthalia monina''''' also known as the '''Powdered Baron''' or '''Malay Baron''' is a species of [[nymphalidae|nymphalid]] butterfly.


==Subspecies==
==Subspecies==
*''Euthalia monina monina'' - '''Malay Baron''' (Peninsular Malaya, Singapore, Langkawi)
*''Euthalia monina monina'' - '''Malay Baron''' ([[Peninsular Malaya]], [[Singapore]], Langkawi]])
*''Euthalia monina insularis'' <small>Eliot, 1978</small> (Malaysia)
*''Euthalia monina insularis'' <small>Eliot, 1978</small> ([[Peninsular Malaysia]])
*''Euthalia monina kesava'' <small>(Moore, 1859)</small> - '''Powdered Baron''' (Sikkim to Assam, Burma, southern Yunnan)
*''Euthalia monina kesava'' <small>(Moore, 1859)</small> - '''Powdered Baron''' ([[Sikkim]] to [[Assam]], [[Burma]], southern [[Yunnan]])
*''Euthalia monina discipilota'' <small>Moore, 1878</small> (northern Burma)
*''Euthalia monina discipilota'' <small>Moore, 1878</small> (northern [[Burma]])
*''Euthalia monina remias'' <small>Corbet</small> (central Burma to Thailand)
*''Euthalia monina remias'' <small>Corbet</small> (central [[Burma]] to [[Thailand]])
*''Euthalia monina varius'' <small>Tsukada, 1991</small>
*''Euthalia monina varius'' <small>Tsukada, 1991</small>
*''Euthalia monina grahami'' <small>Riley & Godfrey, 1921</small> (Peninsular Thailand)
*''Euthalia monina grahami'' <small>Riley & Godfrey, 1921</small> ([[Peninsular Thailand]])
*''Euthalia monina sastra'' <small>Fruhstorfer</small> (Indo-China)
*''Euthalia monina sastra'' <small>Fruhstorfer</small> ([[Indo-China]])
*''Euthalia monina tudela'' <small>Fruhstorfer</small> (southern China, Hainan)
*''Euthalia monina tudela'' <small>Fruhstorfer</small> (southern [[China]], Hainan]])
*''Euthalia monina erana'' <small>de Nicéville</small> (Sumatra, Batu Island)
*''Euthalia monina erana'' <small>de Nicéville</small> ([[Sumatra]], Batu Island)
*''Euthalia monina cordata'' <small>Weymer, 1887</small> (Nias)
*''Euthalia monina cordata'' <small>Weymer, 1887</small> ([[Nias Island]])
*''Euthalia monina ilka'' <small>Fruhstorfer, 1899</small> (northern Borneo)
*''Euthalia monina ilka'' <small>Fruhstorfer, 1899</small> (northern [[Borneo]])
*''Euthalia monina natuna'' <small>Fruhstorfer, 1906</small> (Natuna Island)
*''Euthalia monina natuna'' <small>Fruhstorfer, 1906</small> (Natuna Island)
*''Euthalia monina indras'' <small>Vollenhoven</small> (southern Borneo)
*''Euthalia monina indras'' <small>Vollenhoven</small> (southern [[Borneo]])
*''Euthalia monina salia'' <small>(Moore, 1857)</small> (Java)
*''Euthalia monina salia'' <small>(Moore, 1857)</small> ([[Java]])
*''Euthalia monina tanagra'' <small>Staudinger</small> (Palawan)
*''Euthalia monina tanagra'' <small>Staudinger</small> ([[Palawan]])
*''Euthalia monina suluana'' <small>Fruhstorfer, 1902</small> (Sulu Island)
*''Euthalia monina suluana'' <small>Fruhstorfer, 1902</small> ([[Sulu Island]])
*''Euthalia monina sramana'' <small>Fruhstorfer, 1913</small> (Bali)
*''Euthalia monina sramana'' <small>Fruhstorfer, 1913</small> ([[Bali]])
*''Euthalia monina obsoleta'' <small>Fruhstorfer, 1897</small> (Lombok)
*''Euthalia monina obsoleta'' <small>Fruhstorfer, 1897</small> ([[Lombok]])
*''Euthalia monina jiwabaruana'' <small>Eliot, 1980</small> (Mentawai Island)
*''Euthalia monina jiwabaruana'' <small>Eliot, 1980</small> (Mentawai Island)
<ref name=fa/>

Several forms are described for subspecies ''monina'', including form ''monina'', ''decorata'' <small>(Butler, 1869)</small> and ''gardineri'' <small>(Fruhstorfer, 1906)</small>.
Several forms are described for subspecies ''monina'', including form ''monina'', ''decorata'' <small>(Butler, 1869)</small> and ''gardineri'' <small>(Fruhstorfer, 1906)</small>.
<ref name=fa/>

==Description==
Wingspan of these butterflies can reach about {{convert|50|-|70|mm}}. <ref name=fc> [http://www.samuibutterflies.com/insects/butterflies/nymphalinae/euthaliamoninamonina/ Samui Butterlies]</ref> The males of ''Euthalia monina'' have blackish or dark brown wings, with a blue- green iridescence on the outer part. The wings of the females show a dark brown colour, with pale greyish markings. <ref name=fb/>


==Biology==
==Biology==
Known host-plants of the caterpillars include: [[Clidemia hirta]] (''[[Melastomataceae]]''), [[Diospyros melanoxylon]] (''[[Ebenaceae]]''), [[Macaranga hullettii]], [[Mallotus subpeltatus]] (''[[Euphorbiaceae]]'') and [[Shorea robusta]] (''[[Dipterocarpaceae]]'')<ref>[http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/hostplants/search/list.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&Familyqtype=starts+with&Family=&PFamilyqtype=starts+with&PFamily=&Genusqtype=starts+with&Genus=Euthalia&PGenusqtype=starts+with&PGenus=&Speciesqtype=starts+with&Species=monina&PSpeciesqtype=starts+with&PSpecies=&Country=&sort=Family Robinson, G. S., P. R. Ackery, I. J. Kitching, G. W. Beccaloni & L. M. Hernández, 2010. HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosts. (Accessed: 18 Aug.2010).]</ref>
Known host-plants of the caterpillars include: [[Clidemia hirta]] (''[[Melastomataceae]]''), [[Diospyros melanoxylon]] (''[[Ebenaceae]]''), [[Macaranga hullettii]], [[Mallotus subpeltatus]] (''[[Euphorbiaceae]]'') and [[Shorea robusta]] (''[[Dipterocarpaceae]]'').
<ref name=fa> [http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nymphalidae/limenitidinae/euthalia/#monina Funet]</ref><ref>[http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/hostplants/search/list.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&Familyqtype=starts+with&Family=&PFamilyqtype=starts+with&PFamily=&Genusqtype=starts+with&Genus=Euthalia&PGenusqtype=starts+with&PGenus=&Speciesqtype=starts+with&Species=monina&PSpeciesqtype=starts+with&PSpecies=&Country=&sort=Family Robinson, G. S., P. R. Ackery, I. J. Kitching, G. W. Beccaloni & L. M. Hernández, 2010. HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosts. (Accessed: 18 Aug.2010).]</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
This species can be found in Asia, mainly in [[Borneo]], [[Sumatra]], [[Java]], [[Peninsular Malaya]], [[Sikkim]] - [[Assam]], [[Burma]], [[Thailand]].<ref name=fa/> This butterfly prefers small clearings, glades and trails in primary rainforests, at an elevation of {{convert|0|-|1000|m}} above sea level. <ref name=fb> [http://www.learnaboutbutterflies.com/Malaysia%20-%20Euthalia%20monina.htm Learn about butterflies]</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}



[[Category:Euthalia]]
[[Category:Euthalia]]
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[[Category:Butterflies of Borneo]]
[[Category:Butterflies of Borneo]]
[[Category:Butterflies of Java]]
[[Category:Butterflies of Java]]


{{nymphalidae-stub}}
{{nymphalidae-stub}}

Revision as of 16:55, 30 August 2014

Euthalia monina
Euthalia monina tanagra from Palawan. Mounted specimen
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Lepidoptera
Family:
Nymphalidae
Genus:
Euthalia
Species:
E. monina
Binomial name
Euthalia monina
(Moore, 1859)
Synonyms
  • Papilio monina Fabricius, 1787
  • Adolias ramada Moore, 1859
  • Nora perakana Fruhstorfer, 1899
  • Nora gardineri Fruhstorfer, 1906
  • Adolias kesava Moore, 1859
  • Euthalia rangoonensis Swinhoe, 1890
  • Adolias salia Moore, 1857

Euthalia monina also known as the Powdered Baron or Malay Baron is a species of nymphalid butterfly.

Subspecies

  • Euthalia monina monina - Malay Baron (Peninsular Malaya, Singapore, Langkawi]])
  • Euthalia monina insularis Eliot, 1978 (Peninsular Malaysia)
  • Euthalia monina kesava (Moore, 1859) - Powdered Baron (Sikkim to Assam, Burma, southern Yunnan)
  • Euthalia monina discipilota Moore, 1878 (northern Burma)
  • Euthalia monina remias Corbet (central Burma to Thailand)
  • Euthalia monina varius Tsukada, 1991
  • Euthalia monina grahami Riley & Godfrey, 1921 (Peninsular Thailand)
  • Euthalia monina sastra Fruhstorfer (Indo-China)
  • Euthalia monina tudela Fruhstorfer (southern China, Hainan]])
  • Euthalia monina erana de Nicéville (Sumatra, Batu Island)
  • Euthalia monina cordata Weymer, 1887 (Nias Island)
  • Euthalia monina ilka Fruhstorfer, 1899 (northern Borneo)
  • Euthalia monina natuna Fruhstorfer, 1906 (Natuna Island)
  • Euthalia monina indras Vollenhoven (southern Borneo)
  • Euthalia monina salia (Moore, 1857) (Java)
  • Euthalia monina tanagra Staudinger (Palawan)
  • Euthalia monina suluana Fruhstorfer, 1902 (Sulu Island)
  • Euthalia monina sramana Fruhstorfer, 1913 (Bali)
  • Euthalia monina obsoleta Fruhstorfer, 1897 (Lombok)
  • Euthalia monina jiwabaruana Eliot, 1980 (Mentawai Island)

[1] Several forms are described for subspecies monina, including form monina, decorata (Butler, 1869) and gardineri (Fruhstorfer, 1906). [1]

Description

Wingspan of these butterflies can reach about 50–70 millimetres (2.0–2.8 in). [2] The males of Euthalia monina have blackish or dark brown wings, with a blue- green iridescence on the outer part. The wings of the females show a dark brown colour, with pale greyish markings. [3]

Biology

Known host-plants of the caterpillars include: Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae), Diospyros melanoxylon (Ebenaceae), Macaranga hullettii, Mallotus subpeltatus (Euphorbiaceae) and Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae). [1][4]

Distribution and habitat

This species can be found in Asia, mainly in Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Peninsular Malaya, Sikkim - Assam, Burma, Thailand.[1] This butterfly prefers small clearings, glades and trails in primary rainforests, at an elevation of 0–1,000 metres (0–3,281 ft) above sea level. [3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Funet
  2. ^ Samui Butterlies
  3. ^ a b Learn about butterflies
  4. ^ Robinson, G. S., P. R. Ackery, I. J. Kitching, G. W. Beccaloni & L. M. Hernández, 2010. HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosts. (Accessed: 18 Aug.2010).


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