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'''''Iris longipetala''''' is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of [[Iris subg. Limniris|Limniris]] and it is also in the series [[Iris ser. Longipetalae|Longipetalae]]. It is a [[bulbous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]].
'''''Iris longipetala''''' is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of [[Iris subg. Limniris|Limniris]] and it is also in the series [[Iris ser. Longipetalae|Longipetalae]]. It is a [[bulbous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]].


It has the common name of 'Long Petaled Iris'<ref name=theodore>{{cite web | title=Iris longipetala | date=14 April 2010 | url=http://www.theodorepayne.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Iris_longipetala | publisher=theodorepayne.org | accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref><ref>Marjorie G. Schmidt {{Google books|n_D2Ba0ANmAC | Growing California Native Plants| [page=311}}</ref><ref name=bay region> Linda H.Beidleman and Eugene N. Kozloff{{Google books| Plants of the San Francisco Bay Region : Mendocino to Monterey| Jo_aK6aO2o0C|page=374}}</ref> or 'Coast Iris'.<ref name=manuel> Willis Linn Jepson{{Google books| A Manuel of the Flowering Plants of California | bffkmpjLa8EC | page=253}}</ref><ref name=bay region/>
⚫
It was published by [[William Herbert (botanist)|William Herbert]] in 'Botany of Captain Beechey's Voyage'' p395. 1840 [Feb-Mar 1840].<ref>{{cite web|title=Iridaceae Iris longipetala Herb.| url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=438811-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref>


⚫
It was published by [[William Herbert (botanist)|William Herbert]] in 'Botany of [[Frederick William Beechey|Captain Beechey]]'s Voyage' p395 in Feb-Mar 1840.<ref>{{cite web|title=Iridaceae Iris longipetala Herb.| url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=438811-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref>

It was later illustrated in Journal of Royal Horticultural Society in 1963.<ref name=european>James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) {{Google books|CkxWrDqtWLQC|The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification|page=254}}</ref>

Iris longipetala is an accepted name by the [[Royal Horticultural Society|RHS]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Iris longipetala | url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/9303/Iris-longipetala/Details | publisher=rhs.org.uk| accessdate=29 September 2014}}</ref>

Specimens can be found at the [[Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Iris longipetala | url=http://data.rbge.org.uk/service/taxa/index.php?genus=Iris&species=longipetala | publisher= data.rbge.org.uk | accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref>

It is [[Hardiness (plants)|hardy]] to [[USDA]] Zone 3,<ref name=european/> which is not hardy below 10 degrees F.<ref name=wildlilies> Nora Harlow,Kristin Jakob and Roger Raiche (Editors){{Google books| Wild Lilies, Irises, and Grasses: Gardening with California Monocots | RN7uHRg_TU4C | page=103}}</ref>

It can be planted in sun or part shade,<ref name=theodore/> it tolerates full sun in coastal areas and a little shade inland with regular watering through the blooming period. It requires less water after the flowering period has ended.<ref name=calflora>{{cite web | title=Iris longipetala | url=http://www.calfloranursery.com/plants/iris-longipetala | publisher=calfloranursery.com | accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=wildlilies/> It prefers soils with good drainage. It will survive a long period of summer dryness except in hot inland areas.<ref name=wild lilies/> It is deer resistant,<ref name=calflora/> and it also cattle resistant, due to the foliage being unpalatable.<ref name=wildlilies/>

It is suitable to be cultivated in garden borders, the fringes of shrubberies in soils with sandy loam.<ref name=Hardy>William Robinson{{Google books| OqORbrG8FhAC | Hardy Flowers| page=151}}</ref>
It may also suitable for pond margins or [[bog garden]]s.<ref>P.Geisel and D. Seaver{{Google books| Aquatic Gardens, not Aquatic Pests: How to Practise Responsible Water Gardening | s6xo9BMihBMC| Page=3}}</ref>

It is better propagated be means of 'Division (horticulture)|division', (the two fork method).<ref name=Hardy/>

As most irises are [[diploid]], having two sets of [[chromosomes]]. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.<ref name=ClaireAustin>{{cite web| first=Claire | last=Austin | title=Irises A Garden Encyclopedia| page=274-275 | url=https://worldtracker.org/media/library/Reference/Encyclopedia's/Encyclopedia%20of%20Irises.pdf | format=pdf | publisher=worldtracker.org | accessdate=29 October 2014}}</ref> It has a chromosome count : 2n=86, 88,<ref name=signa>{{cite web | first=D. | last=Kramb | title=Iris longipetala | url=http://www.signa.org/index.pl?Iris-longipetala | date=25 September 2004 | publisher=signa.org | accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=berkeley>{{cite web| title=I. longipetala Herb. COAST IRIS | url=http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=29293 | publisher=ucjeps.berkeley.edu | accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref> (found by Simonet in 1932).<ref name=america/>{{cite web | title=(SPEC) Iris longipetala Herb. | url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecLongipetala | date=18 February 2010 |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)| accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref>

Iris longipetala hybridizes readily with [[Iris missouriensis]].<ref name=efloras>{{cite web| title=FNA Vol. 26 Page 374, 389 | url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242101708 | publisher= efloras.org | accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref>

A known hybrid is ''Iris longipetala superba''<ref>{{cite web| title=Miss Williamson Iris longipetala superba | publisher=rhs.org.uk | url=http://www.rhsprints.co.uk/image/673195/miss-williamson-iris-longipetala-superba | accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref>
A known variant is ''Iris longipetala var. pelogonus''.<ref>{{cite web| title= Iris longipetala var. pelogonus | url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/9304/Iris-longipetala-var-pelogonus/Details | publisher=rhs.org.uk | accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref> But this could be a version of 'Iris missouriensis var. pelogonus' which is a synonym of ''Iris missouriensis''.

==Habit==
Iris longipetala has a rhizome (approx. 10–25 mm diam),<ref name=berkeley/> with small trailing branches (which are approx. 2–2.5 cm in diam.) and plenty of fleshy toots.<ref name=efloras/> The spreading rhizomes give the appearance of a clump forming plant.<ref name=theodore/>

It has a small stem, which reaches a height of between 30–60 cm (1-2ft), <ref name=manuel/> with a few branches (1 or 2)<ref name=berkeley/> and is about 3-6cm in diamater.<ref name=efloras/>
The stem has 3 leaves along it, which overlap and wrap around the stem.<ref name=bay region/>

The leaves can be either dark green or bluish green and they can be equal or just shorter than the flowering stems.<ref name=european/><ref name=calflora/><ref name=cassidy>{{cite book |last1=Cassidy |first1=George E.| last2=Linnegar | first2=Sidney | date=1987 |edition=Revised | title= Growing Irises |location=Bromley | publisher=Christopher Helm | page=44 | isbn=0-88192-089-4}}</ref>
The start at the base of the plant, rising up with a grass-like form. They are generally, between 5-11mm wide.<ref name=berkeley/><ref name=alpine/><ref name=efloras/>
They are briefly deciduous, <ref name=wild lilies/> turning grey or yellow-brown when dying.<ref name=manuel/> Before soon reappearing, giving the plant an evergreen appearance.<ref name=cassidy/><ref name=calflora><ref name=theodore/>

It can have between 3-8 flowers per stem, in spring,<ref name=alpine>{{cite web| title=Iris longipetala | url=http://encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net/plants/Iris/longipetala | publisher=encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net | accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=berkeley/>ref name=european/>ref name=efloras/><ref name=calflora/> (March--April) <ref name=efloras/> or summer (in Europe).<ref name=european/>
The lilac-purple perianth tube is between 3-8cm in length.<ref name=berkeley/><ref name=bay region/>

The very lightly scented flowers<ref name=laspilitas>{{cite web | title=iris longipetala | url=http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/iris-longipetala | publisher=laspilitas.com | accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref> come in a range of shades from creamy-white,<ref name=bay region/><ref name=cassidy/><ref name=signa/><ref name=theodore/><ref name=manuel/> pale blue<ref name=laspilitas/> to lavender blue.<ref name=calflora/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=manuel/> Each flower has a purple (lilac to dark purple) veining.<ref name=wild lilies/><ref name=calflora/><ref name=efloras/> The falls often have a slight yellowish signal patch.<ref name=european/><ref name=signa/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=alpine/>

They are large, measuring about 4-6 inch (8-15cm) across,<ref name=laspilitas/> but with narrow petals.<ref name=cassidy/><ref name=theodore/>
 
It has 2-lobed stigmas.<ref name=berkeley/><ref name=efloras/>

After flowering, it has a (oblong-ovoid shaped) seed capsule (measuring approx. 2in long) that is narrowed at each end.<ref name=manuel/> The capsule has 6 ribs along it length. It is almost round in cross-section.<ref name=efloras/> Inside are wrinkled dark brown globular seeds,<ref name=efloras/> which are pyriform.<ref name=manuel/>

==Native==
Iris longipetala is native to Western USA including [[California]], <ref name=signa/><ref name=european/> [[ San Francisco]] (Bay Area), [[Mendocino County]] down to [[Monterey County]].<ref name=theodore/><ref name=calflora/><ref name=efloras/> It can be found on the [[Twin Peaks]], San Francisco.<ref>Greg Gaar and Ryder W. Miller {{Google books| San Francisco: A Natural History | NoWVQXNdmkAC | page=70}}</ref> <ref name=alpine/>

It is spread over the coastal grasslands in moist open spaces.<ref name=theodore/><ref name=calflora/> It is also found in grazed pastures (due to its cattle resistance).<ref name=wildlilies/>
At altitudes at less than 600m above sea level.<ref name=berkeley/>

It prefers wet heavy soils including clay.<ref name=laspilitas/><ref name=efloras/>

It can form dense colonies.<ref name=manuel/>


==References==
==References==
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[[;Category:Iris (plant)|longipetala ]]
[[;Category:Iris (plant)|longipetala ]]
[[;Category:Plants described in 1901]]
[[;Category:Plants described in 1901]]
[[;Category:Flora of Central Asia]]
[[;Category:Flora of Flora of the United States]]
[[;Category:Flora of Kazakhstan]]

Revision as of 10:30, 3 November 2014

Iris longipetala 
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Iridaceae
Subfamily:
Iridoideae
Tribe:
Irideae
Genus:
Iris
Subgenus:
Limniris
Series:
Longipetalae
Species:
Iris longipetala
Binomial name
Iris longipetala 
Synonyms

Limniris longipetala (Herb.) Rodion.[1]

Iris longipetala is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Limniris and it is also in the series Longipetalae. It is a bulbous perennial.

It has the common name of 'Long Petaled Iris'[2][3]Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). or 'Coast Iris'.[4]Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).

It was published by William Herbert in 'Botany of Captain Beechey's Voyage' p395 in Feb-Mar 1840.[5]

It was later illustrated in Journal of Royal Horticultural Society in 1963.[6]

Iris longipetala is an accepted name by the RHS.[7]

Specimens can be found at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.[8]

It is hardy to USDA Zone 3,[6] which is not hardy below 10 degrees F.[9]

It can be planted in sun or part shade,[2] it tolerates full sun in coastal areas and a little shade inland with regular watering through the blooming period. It requires less water after the flowering period has ended.[10][9] It prefers soils with good drainage. It will survive a long period of summer dryness except in hot inland areas.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). It is deer resistant,[10] and it also cattle resistant, due to the foliage being unpalatable.[9]

It is suitable to be cultivated in garden borders, the fringes of shrubberies in soils with sandy loam.[11] It may also suitable for pond margins or bog gardens.[12]

It is better propagated be means of 'Division (horticulture)|division', (the two fork method).[11]

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[13] It has a chromosome count : 2n=86, 88,[14][15] (found by Simonet in 1932).[16]"(SPEC) Iris longipetala Herb". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). 18 February 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2014. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 7 (help)</ref>

Iris longipetala hybridizes readily with Iris missouriensis.[17]

A known hybrid is Iris longipetala superba[18] A known variant is Iris longipetala var. pelogonus.[19] But this could be a version of 'Iris missouriensis var. pelogonus' which is a synonym of Iris missouriensis.

Habit

Iris longipetala has a rhizome (approx. 10–25 mm diam),[15] with small trailing branches (which are approx. 2–2.5 cm in diam.) and plenty of fleshy toots.[17] The spreading rhizomes give the appearance of a clump forming plant.[2]

It has a small stem, which reaches a height of between 30–60 cm (1-2ft), [4] with a few branches (1 or 2)[15] and is about 3-6cm in diamater.[17] The stem has 3 leaves along it, which overlap and wrap around the stem.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).

The leaves can be either dark green or bluish green and they can be equal or just shorter than the flowering stems.[6][10][20] The start at the base of the plant, rising up with a grass-like form. They are generally, between 5-11mm wide.[15][21][17] They are briefly deciduous, Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). turning grey or yellow-brown when dying.[4] Before soon reappearing, giving the plant an evergreen appearance.[20]Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).[15]ref name=european/>ref name=efloras/>[10] (March--April) [17] or summer (in Europe).[6] The lilac-purple perianth tube is between 3-8cm in length.[15]Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).

The very lightly scented flowers[22] come in a range of shades from creamy-white,Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).[20][14][2][4] pale blue[22] to lavender blue.[10][17][4] Each flower has a purple (lilac to dark purple) veining.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).[10][17] The falls often have a slight yellowish signal patch.[6][14][17][21]

They are large, measuring about 4-6 inch (8-15cm) across,[22] but with narrow petals.[20][2]   It has 2-lobed stigmas.[15][17]

After flowering, it has a (oblong-ovoid shaped) seed capsule (measuring approx. 2in long) that is narrowed at each end.[4] The capsule has 6 ribs along it length. It is almost round in cross-section.[17] Inside are wrinkled dark brown globular seeds,[17] which are pyriform.[4]

Native

Iris longipetala is native to Western USA including California, [14][6] San Francisco (Bay Area), Mendocino County down to Monterey County.[2][10][17] It can be found on the Twin Peaks, San Francisco.[23] [21]

It is spread over the coastal grasslands in moist open spaces.[2][10] It is also found in grazed pastures (due to its cattle resistance).[9] At altitudes at less than 600m above sea level.[15]

It prefers wet heavy soils including clay.[22][17]

It can form dense colonies.[4]

References

  1. ^ "Iris longipetala Herb". theplantlist.org. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Iris longipetala". theodorepayne.org. 14 April 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  3. ^ Marjorie G. Schmidt Growing California Native Plants at Google Books
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Willis Linn JepsonManuel of the Flowering Plants of California&pg=PA253 bffkmpjLa8EC , p. 253, at Google Books
  5. ^ "Iridaceae Iris longipetala Herb". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d e f James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification, p. 254, at Google Books
  7. ^ "Iris longipetala". rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
  8. ^ "Iris longipetala". data.rbge.org.uk. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  9. ^ a b c d Nora Harlow,Kristin Jakob and Roger Raiche (Editors)Lilies, Irises, and Grasses: Gardening with California Monocots&pg=PA103 RN7uHRg_TU4C , p. 103, at Google Books
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h "Iris longipetala". calfloranursery.com. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  11. ^ a b William RobinsonHardy Flowers, p. 151, at Google Books
  12. ^ P.Geisel and D. SeaverGardens, not Aquatic Pests: How to Practise Responsible Water Gardening s6xo9BMihBMC at Google Books
  13. ^ Austin, Claire. "Irises A Garden Encyclopedia" (pdf). worldtracker.org. p. 274-275. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  14. ^ a b c d Kramb, D. (25 September 2004). "Iris longipetala". signa.org. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h "I. longipetala Herb. COAST IRIS". ucjeps.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 1 November 2014. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 15 (help)
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference america was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "FNA Vol. 26 Page 374, 389". efloras.org. Retrieved 1 November 2014. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 22 (help)
  18. ^ "Miss Williamson Iris longipetala superba". rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  19. ^ "Iris longipetala var. pelogonus". rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  20. ^ a b c d Cassidy, George E.; Linnegar, Sidney (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. p. 44. ISBN 0-88192-089-4.
  21. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference alpine was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ a b c d "iris longipetala". laspilitas.com. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  23. ^ Greg Gaar and Ryder W. Miller Francisco: A Natural History&pg=PA70 NoWVQXNdmkAC , p. 70, at Google Books

Media related to Iris longipetala  at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Iris longipetala  at Wikispecies

longipetala  ;Category:Plants described in 1901 ;Category:Flora of Flora of the United States

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