Caves in the Maros-Pangkep karst: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Hands in Pettakere Cave.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Hand painting inside the Pettakere cave]] |
[[Image:Hands in Pettakere Cave.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Hand painting inside the Pettakere cave]] |
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'''Pettakere cave''' ([[Makassar language]]: Leang Pettakere) is a cave in Bantimurung, [[South Sulawesi]], [[Indonesia]], with murals from pre-historic times. |
'''Pettakere cave''' ([[Makassar language]]: Leang Pettakere) is a cave in Bantimurung, [[South Sulawesi]], [[Indonesia]], with murals from pre-historic times.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.se/books?ei=s9ZwVL6ELobMygPO6IDgDA&hl=sv&id=Wt1VbkTeFRMC&dq=Pettakere+cave&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Pettakere+cave|title=Indonesia, Malaysia & Singapore Handbook|publisher=|accessdate=22 November 2014}}</ref> |
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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The cave, along with other nearby caves (Pettae, Jane, Saripa, and Karrasa) are part of the "Pre-historic place Leang-Leang", the name stems from the [[Makassarese language]]. |
The cave, along with other nearby caves (Pettae, Jane, Saripa, and Karrasa) are part of the "Pre-historic place Leang-Leang", the name stems from the [[Makassarese language]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Price|first=Liz|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/travel/2008/01/20/sulawesi_cave_of_hands|title=Sulawesi cave of hands|work=[[The Brunei Times]]|date=20 January 2008|accessdate=16 November 2014}}</ref> They all are limestone caves and lie {{convert|12|km}} from the town of [[Maros]] and {{convert|30|km}} from the city of [[Makassar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.se/books?id=ZNdwAAAAMAAJ&q=Pettakere+cave&dq=Pettakere+cave&hl=sv&sa=X&ei=s9ZwVL6ELobMygPO6IDgDA&redir_esc=y|title=Sulawesi|publisher=|accessdate=22 November 2014}}</ref> Near the entrance of the cave, located {{convert|30|m}} above a rice field, there are 26 red and white painted hands prints on the walls, together with a roughly half-meter (two-foot) long painted red [[hog deer]] in the middle.<ref name=thejakartaglobe>{{cite news |last=Pitaloka|first=Dyah Ayu|url=http://thejakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/features/exploring-leang-leang-caves-maros/ |title=Exploring the Leang-Leang Caves of Maros |newspaper=[[Jakarta Globe]]|date=6 July 2014|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="DW.de">{{cite news|last=Domínguez|first=Gabriel|url=http://www.dw.de/indonesian-cave-paintings-rewriting-art-history/g-17984540|title=Indonesian cave paintings - Rewriting art history|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=9 October 2014|accessdate=16 November 2014}}</ref> The cave's large room has several small niches which are presumed to have been sleeping places for the people who lived there.<ref name="thejakartaglobe"/> The cave has a temperature of {{convert|27|C}} during the daytime.<ref name="thejakartaglobe"/> |
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== History == |
== History == |
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The cave has been known and used by the local people for a long time. [[Netherlands|Dutch]] archeologists began digging at the nearby caves during the 1950s, but the Pettakare cave was first examined by [[United Kingdom|British]] archeologist Ian Glover in |
The cave has been known and used by the local people for a long time. [[Netherlands|Dutch]] archeologists began digging at the nearby caves during the 1950s, but the Pettakare cave was first examined by [[United Kingdom|British]] archeologist Ian Glover in 1973.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.incitoprima.com/details.php?catid=7&aid=57|title=South Sulawesi|publisher=|accessdate=22 November 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.bt.com.bn/travel/2008/01/20/sulawesi_cave_of_hands|title=Sulawesi cave of hands|work=The Brunei Times|accessdate=22 November 2014}}</ref> |
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Scientific examinations conducted in 2011 estimated that the hand paintings on the walls were between 35,000 and 40,000 years old.<ref name="dw17984021">{{cite web|last=Domínguez|first=Gabriel|url=http://www.dw.de/indonesian-cave-paintings-revolutionized-our-idea-of-human-art/a-17984021|title=Indonesian cave paintings 'revolutionized our idea of human art'|date=9 October 2014|publisher=Deutsche Welle|accessdate=22 November 2014}}</ref> The age of the paintings was estimated through analysis of small radioactive traces of [[Isotopes of uranium|uraniam isotopes]] present in the crust that had built up on top of the paintings.<ref name="dw17984021"/> They are at least as old as cave paintings in Europe, such as those at the [[Cave of El Castillo]] ([[Spain]]) and [[Gorham's Cave]] ([[Gibraltar]]).<ref name="DW.de"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Le Roux|first=Mariette|url=http://www.rappler.com/science-nature/society-culture/71464-indonesia-sulawesi-cave-paintings-ancient-art|title=Southeast Asian cave paintings challenge Europe as cradle of art|publisher=[[Rappler]]|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|date=9 October 2014|accessdate=22 November 2014}}</ref> |
Scientific examinations conducted in 2011 estimated that the hand paintings on the walls were between 35,000 and 40,000 years old.<ref name="dw17984021">{{cite web|last=Domínguez|first=Gabriel|url=http://www.dw.de/indonesian-cave-paintings-revolutionized-our-idea-of-human-art/a-17984021|title=Indonesian cave paintings 'revolutionized our idea of human art'|date=9 October 2014|publisher=Deutsche Welle|accessdate=22 November 2014}}</ref> The age of the paintings was estimated through analysis of small radioactive traces of [[Isotopes of uranium|uraniam isotopes]] present in the crust that had built up on top of the paintings.<ref name="dw17984021"/> They are at least as old as cave paintings in Europe, such as those at the [[Cave of El Castillo]] ([[Spain]]) and [[Gorham's Cave]] ([[Gibraltar]]).<ref name="DW.de"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Le Roux|first=Mariette|url=http://www.rappler.com/science-nature/society-culture/71464-indonesia-sulawesi-cave-paintings-ancient-art|title=Southeast Asian cave paintings challenge Europe as cradle of art|publisher=[[Rappler]]|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|date=9 October 2014|accessdate=22 November 2014}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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<references /> |
<references /> |
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==External links== |
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*{{Commons category inline|Pettakere cave}} |
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[[Category:Caves of Indonesia]] |
[[Category:Caves of Indonesia]] |
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Revision as of 19:02, 22 November 2014
Pettakere cave (Makassar language: Leang Pettakere) is a cave in Bantimurung, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, with murals from pre-historic times.[1]
Description
The cave, along with other nearby caves (Pettae, Jane, Saripa, and Karrasa) are part of the "Pre-historic place Leang-Leang", the name stems from the Makassarese language.[2] They all are limestone caves and lie 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the town of Maros and 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the city of Makassar.[3] Near the entrance of the cave, located 30 metres (98 ft) above a rice field, there are 26 red and white painted hands prints on the walls, together with a roughly half-meter (two-foot) long painted red hog deer in the middle.[4][5] The cave's large room has several small niches which are presumed to have been sleeping places for the people who lived there.[4] The cave has a temperature of 27 °C (81 °F) during the daytime.[4]
History
The cave has been known and used by the local people for a long time. Dutch archeologists began digging at the nearby caves during the 1950s, but the Pettakare cave was first examined by British archeologist Ian Glover in 1973.[6] [7] Scientific examinations conducted in 2011 estimated that the hand paintings on the walls were between 35,000 and 40,000 years old.[8] The age of the paintings was estimated through analysis of small radioactive traces of uraniam isotopes present in the crust that had built up on top of the paintings.[8] They are at least as old as cave paintings in Europe, such as those at the Cave of El Castillo (Spain) and Gorham's Cave (Gibraltar).[5][9]
Future plans
In October 2014 the Indonesian government promised to "step up" the protection of ancient cave paintings, and said it also plans to place all the caves on Sulawesi on list of the nation's official "cultural heritage" and would also be applying to have them included in UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites.[10]
References
- ^ "Indonesia, Malaysia & Singapore Handbook". Retrieved 22 November 2014.
- ^ Price, Liz (20 January 2008). "Sulawesi cave of hands". The Brunei Times. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ "Sulawesi". Retrieved 22 November 2014.
- ^ a b c Pitaloka, Dyah Ayu (6 July 2014). "Exploring the Leang-Leang Caves of Maros". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
- ^ a b Domínguez, Gabriel (9 October 2014). "Indonesian cave paintings - Rewriting art history". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ "South Sulawesi". Retrieved 22 November 2014.
- ^ "Sulawesi cave of hands". The Brunei Times. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
- ^ a b Domínguez, Gabriel (9 October 2014). "Indonesian cave paintings 'revolutionized our idea of human art'". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
- ^ Le Roux, Mariette (9 October 2014). "Southeast Asian cave paintings challenge Europe as cradle of art". Rappler. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
- ^ "Indonesia pledges to protect ancient cave paintings". Rappler. Agence France-Presse. 9 October 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2014.