Nxt: Difference between revisions
Thomas Veil (talk | contribs) Link section overhauled (Work in Progress) |
Thomas Veil (talk | contribs) CommonsCat Box and Restructuring (work in progress) |
||
Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
| image_title_1 = Nxt Logo |
| image_title_1 = Nxt Logo |
||
| issuing_authority_title = Administration |
| issuing_authority_title = Administration |
||
| issuing_authority = [[Decentralised system|Decentralized]] <br /> [[peer-to-peer]] consensus.<ref name="Nxt whitepaper" |
| issuing_authority = [[Decentralised system|Decentralized]] <br /> [[peer-to-peer]] consensus.<ref name="Nxt whitepaper" /> |
||
| date_of_introduction = 24 November 2013<ref name=genesis-transaction |
| date_of_introduction = 24 November 2013<ref name=genesis-transaction /></ref> |
||
| date_of_introduction_source = |
| date_of_introduction_source = |
||
| using_countries = International |
| using_countries = International |
||
| inflation_rate = Disinflationary<ref>{{cite web|title=Ways to Destroy NXT|url=https://nxtforum.org/index.php?topic=85.msg140287#msg140287|website=NxtForum.org|accessdate=21 December 2014}}</ref>. All coins were distributed after IPO (28 September 2013 - 26 November 2013). |
| inflation_rate = Disinflationary<ref>{{cite web|title=Ways to Destroy NXT|url=https://nxtforum.org/index.php?topic=85.msg140287#msg140287|website=NxtForum.org|accessdate=21 December 2014}}</ref>. All coins were distributed after IPO (28 September 2013 - 26 November 2013). |
||
| inflation_source_date = |
|||
| inflation_method = |
|||
| license = MIT<ref name=Nxt-MIT-License /> |
| license = MIT<ref name=Nxt-MIT-License /> |
||
| issuing_authority_website = [http://www.nxt.org/ nxt.org] |
| issuing_authority_website = [http://www.nxt.org/ nxt.org] |
||
| symbol = NXT |
| symbol = NXT |
||
| nickname = |
| nickname = Nxtcoin |
||
| no_plural = TRUE |
| no_plural = TRUE |
||
| subunit_ratio_1 = 1 |
| subunit_ratio_1 = 1 |
||
Line 32: | Line 30: | ||
Nxt is specifically conceived as flexible platform to build applications and financial services around. It has an integrated asset-exchange<ref name=NxtWiki-Asset-Exchange>{{cite web|title=NxtWiki:Asset Exchange|url=http://www.thenxtwiki.org/wiki/Asset_Exchange|website=TheNxtWiki.org|accessdate=21 December 2014}}</ref> (comparable to [[Share_(finance)|shares]]), messaging system and marketplace. The next major release will also allow users the creation of new currencies within the system. |
Nxt is specifically conceived as flexible platform to build applications and financial services around. It has an integrated asset-exchange<ref name=NxtWiki-Asset-Exchange>{{cite web|title=NxtWiki:Asset Exchange|url=http://www.thenxtwiki.org/wiki/Asset_Exchange|website=TheNxtWiki.org|accessdate=21 December 2014}}</ref> (comparable to [[Share_(finance)|shares]]), messaging system and marketplace. The next major release will also allow users the creation of new currencies within the system. |
||
== |
== Concept == |
||
The founder released several statements about the aim of NXT. |
|||
Nxt is and not adapted from an existing cryptocurrency. |
Nxt is and not adapted from an existing cryptocurrency. |
||
Just as with [[Bitcoin]], the [[blockchain]] stands at the core of the Nxt cryptocurrency. Two major differences are that NXT omitted the mining. |
|||
⚫ | Unlike [[Peercoin]]'s hybrid [[proof-of-stake]]/[[proof-of-work]] consensus mechanism, NXT and its forks employ 100% [[proof-of-stake]] |
||
⚫ | |||
==Consensus Mechanism== |
|||
⚫ | |||
Noteworthy features include, high security for low cost, a static money supply. |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | On 28 September 2013 Bitcointalk.org member BCNext created a forum thread announcing Nxt<ref name=Nxt-Ann-Thread />, asking for tiny donations of Bitcoin to help fund development of a brand new second generation |
||
⚫ | The source code was later released under the MIT License<ref name=Nxt-MIT-License>{{cite web|title=nxt - source code MIT license|url=https://bitbucket.org/JeanLucPicard/nxt/src/26c66767f26c150398635c7414b5a2893fcdd35a/MIT-license.txt?at=master|website=Bitbucket.org|accessdate=21 December 2014}}</ref>. |
||
⚫ | |||
=== Proof-of-Stake === |
=== Proof-of-Stake === |
||
The participants in the Nxt system can trust to each transaction, which must be confirmed by multiple users and approved to the blockchain. To maintain the Nxt network, users are rewarded with fees in return for generating blocks of transactions. This is how Bitcoin will work once all new coins are mined in year 2140. This eliminates the energy-intensive computing operations. This method effectively removes a large security risk inherent in most other coins: the issue of a 51% attack and many of the other vulnerabilities inherent to Proof-of-Work coins are gone. |
The participants in the Nxt system can trust to each transaction, which must be confirmed by multiple users and approved to the blockchain. To maintain the Nxt network, users are rewarded with fees in return for generating blocks of transactions. This is how Bitcoin will work once all new coins are mined in year 2140. This eliminates the energy-intensive computing operations. This method effectively removes a large security risk inherent in most other coins: the issue of a 51% attack and many of the other vulnerabilities inherent to Proof-of-Work coins are gone. |
||
Line 52: | Line 55: | ||
The Proof-of-Stake algorithm is efficient enough to run on smartphones and small devices like the Raspberry Pi platform. |
The Proof-of-Stake algorithm is efficient enough to run on smartphones and small devices like the Raspberry Pi platform. |
||
== |
== History == |
||
⚫ | On 28 September 2013 Bitcointalk.org member BCNext created a forum thread announcing Nxt<ref name=Nxt-Ann-Thread />, asking for tiny donations of Bitcoin to help fund development of a brand new second generation cryptocurrency, as well as to determine how to distribute the initial stake. On 18 November 2013 fundraising for Nxt was closed, with 21 BTC raised. The genesis block was published on 24 November 2013. It revealed that 1,000,000,000 coins had been distributed to 73 stakeholders in proportion to their level of contribution to the original fundraising total. Nxt's original market capitalization was $800,000 USD. Source code was partially released on 3 January. Full sourcecode was released on 1 March 2014. |
||
⚫ | The source code was later released under the MIT License<ref name=Nxt-MIT-License>{{cite web|title=nxt - source code MIT license|url=https://bitbucket.org/JeanLucPicard/nxt/src/26c66767f26c150398635c7414b5a2893fcdd35a/MIT-license.txt?at=master|website=Bitbucket.org|accessdate=21 December 2014}}</ref>. |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
====Alias System==== |
|||
Nxt implements an alias system that translates alphanumeric text into almost anything: Nxt account addresses, email addresses, URLs, phone numbers, SKU codes, and more. |
|||
⚫ | |||
====Arbitrary Messages==== |
|||
⚫ | |||
====Asset Exchange==== |
|||
⚫ | Asset Exchange = colored coins: Since the blockchain provides a trustworthy record of transactions, it can be leveraged to provide a record of trade of items other than Nxt. To do this, Nxt allows the designation or "coloring" of a particular coin, which builds a bridge from the virtual crypto-currency world to the physical world. The "colored coin" can represent property, stocks/bonds, commodites, or even concepts. As a result, the Nxt network could be used to trade almost anything. |
||
[[File:Nxt SecureAE Asset Exchange view.png|thumb|Screenshot of the SecureAE Asset Exchange window]] |
|||
====Marketplace==== |
|||
=== Features under testing === |
=== Features under testing === |
||
===Monetary System=== |
|||
⚫ | |||
=== Features under testing === |
|||
⚫ | |||
===Monetary System=== |
|||
===Multisignature transactions=== |
|||
⚫ | |||
===Voting System=== |
|||
== External Services == |
|||
Since Nxt |
|||
===Web Wallets=== |
|||
===SecureAe=== |
|||
===SuperNet=== |
|||
===FreeMarket=== |
|||
⚫ | |||
On 28 September 2013 Bitcointalk.org member BCNext created a forum thread announcing Nxt<ref name=Nxt-Ann-Thread />, asking for tiny donations of Bitcoin to help fund development of a brand new second generation [[cryptocurrency]] as well as to determine how to distribute the initial stake. On 18 November 2013 fundraising for Nxt was closed, with 21 BTC raised. The genesis block was published on 24 November 2013<ref name=genesis-transaction />. It revealed that 1,000,000,000 coins had been distributed to 73 stakeholders in proportion to their level of contribution to the original fundraising total. Nxt's original market capitalization was $800,000 USD. Source code was partially released on 3 January. Full source code was released on 1 March 2014 under the MIT License<ref name=Nxt-MIT-License>{{cite web|title=nxt - source code MIT license|url=https://bitbucket.org/JeanLucPicard/nxt/src/26c66767f26c150398635c7414b5a2893fcdd35a/MIT-license.txt?at=master|website=Bitbucket.org|accessdate=21 December 2014}}</ref>. |
|||
=== Advantages over Bitcoin / other cryptocurrencies === |
=== Advantages over Bitcoin / other cryptocurrencies === |
||
Line 71: | Line 97: | ||
* No inflation caused by mining, all Nxt were generated in the first block and no further Nxt will be added |
* No inflation caused by mining, all Nxt were generated in the first block and no further Nxt will be added |
||
* Blockchain security cannot be centralized by large computational farms |
* Blockchain security cannot be centralized by large computational farms |
||
=== Differences from other coins === |
|||
NXT is not just a [[payment system]], but a complete ecosystem for new business.<ref name=ft2014/> Nxt is a platform and payment is only its first feature.The existing structure allows building new services on top of the Nxt platform.< |
|||
== Criticism == |
== Criticism == |
||
=== |
=== Distribution === |
||
Premining is the process of creating the first units of a cryptocurrency. Since there is no mining in a Proof-of-Stake currency, all units of NXT were released in pre-sale. After the announcement of the NXT project in the bitcointalk forums by its inventor BCnext<ref>{{cite web|title=[ANN] Nxt :: descendant of Bitcoin|url=https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=303898.0|accessdate=20 May 2014}}</ref>, it was open to interested parties to buy shares in this new system via Bitcoins. A total of 73 people took advantage of this offer. A billion NXTcoins were distributed from the Genesis block and distributed to the shareholders. |
Premining is the process of creating the first units of a cryptocurrency. Since there is no mining in a Proof-of-Stake currency, all units of NXT were released in pre-sale. After the announcement of the NXT project in the bitcointalk forums by its inventor BCnext<ref>{{cite web|title=[ANN] Nxt :: descendant of Bitcoin|url=https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=303898.0|accessdate=20 May 2014}}</ref>, it was open to interested parties to buy shares in this new system via Bitcoins. A total of 73 people took advantage of this offer. A billion NXTcoins were distributed from the Genesis block and distributed to the shareholders. |
||
Line 98: | Line 121: | ||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{reflist |30em| refs= |
{{reflist |30em| refs= |
||
<ref name="Nxt whitepaper">{{cite web |url=http://wiki.nxtcrypto.org/wiki/Whitepaper:Nxt |title=Nxt Whitepaper|accessdate=2014-03-09}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=genesis-transaction>{{cite web|title=Genesis-Transaction|url=http://mynxt.info/blockexplorer/details.php?action=tx&tx=8841312677014468592|website=mynxt.info Blockexplorer|accessdate=21 December 2014}} |
|||
<ref name=ya2014>{{cite news | url=http://uk.news.yahoo.com/cryptocurrency-news-round-mt-gox-fire-sale-jamaica-094623409.html | title=Cryptocurrency News Round-Up: Mt Gox Fire Sale as Jamaica Bobsled Rides Again | date=2014-02-17 | publisher=IBTimes }}</ref> |
<ref name=ya2014>{{cite news | url=http://uk.news.yahoo.com/cryptocurrency-news-round-mt-gox-fire-sale-jamaica-094623409.html | title=Cryptocurrency News Round-Up: Mt Gox Fire Sale as Jamaica Bobsled Rides Again | date=2014-02-17 | publisher=IBTimes }}</ref> |
||
<ref name=ft2014>{{cite news | url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fd3f9ad6-9a13-11e3-8232-00144feab7de.html?ftcamp=published_links/rss/personal-finance/feed//product#axzz2vVaK6gcB | title=Bitcoin – bonkers or brilliant? | date=2014-02-21 | publisher=Financial Times }}</ref> |
<ref name=ft2014>{{cite news | url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fd3f9ad6-9a13-11e3-8232-00144feab7de.html?ftcamp=published_links/rss/personal-finance/feed//product#axzz2vVaK6gcB | title=Bitcoin – bonkers or brilliant? | date=2014-02-21 | publisher=Financial Times }}</ref> |
||
<ref name=cs201407>{{cite news | url=http://www.coinssource.com/poloniex-list-jl777hodl-jlh-first-ever-crypto-asset-listing/ | title=Poloniex to List jl777hodl (JLH) in First Ever Crypto-Asset Listing | date=2014-07-18 | publisher=coinssource.com }}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=ar2014>{{cite news | url=http://www.theargus.co.uk/business/11268661.First_cafe_in_the_world_to_accept_crypto_currency_Nxt_Coin/ | title=First cafe in the world to accept crypto currency Nxt Coin | date=2014-06-10 | publisher=theargus.co.uk }}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=multigateway>{{cite web|url=http://multigateway.com | title=Multigateway}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=costefficiency>{{cite web | url=http://www.nxtcommunity.org/nxt/nxt/nxt-network-energy-and-cost-efficiency-analysis | title=Nxt Network Energy and Cost Efficiency Analysis}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=forging>{{cite web|url=http://www.docdroid.net/ahms/forging0-4-1.pdf.html | title=The math of Nxt forging}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
== External links == |
== External links == |
||
{{Commonscat}} |
{{Commonscat|Nxt}} |
||
* [http://www.nxt.org/ nxt.org] - Main Website |
* [http://www.nxt.org/ nxt.org] - Main Website |
||
* [http://nxter.org/ nxter.org] - Detailed updates news and resources |
* [http://nxter.org/ nxter.org] - Detailed updates news and resources |
Revision as of 15:46, 21 December 2014
NOTE: To be moved to Nxt
Unit | |
---|---|
Plural | The language(s) of this currency do(es) not have a morphological plural distinction. |
Symbol | NXT |
Nickname | Nxtcoin |
Denominations | |
Subunit | |
1 | NXT[1] |
1/1 0000 0000 | nxtQuant[2] (smallest unit) |
Demographics | |
Date of introduction | 24 November 2013[3]</ref> |
User(s) | International |
Issuance | |
Administration | Decentralized peer-to-peer consensus.[1] |
Website | nxt.org |
Valuation | |
Inflation | Disinflationary[4]. All coins were distributed after IPO (28 September 2013 - 26 November 2013). |
Nxt is an open source[6] cryptocurrency and payment network launched in November 2013 by the anonymous software developer BCNext[7]. It is using proof-of-stake to provide a consensus for transactions - as such there is a static money supply and no mining as with Bitcoin. Nxt is specifically conceived as flexible platform to build applications and financial services around. It has an integrated asset-exchange[8] (comparable to shares), messaging system and marketplace. The next major release will also allow users the creation of new currencies within the system.
Concept
The founder released several statements about the aim of NXT.
Nxt is and not adapted from an existing cryptocurrency. Just as with Bitcoin, the blockchain stands at the core of the Nxt cryptocurrency. Two major differences are that NXT omitted the mining.
- Brain wallet: Using a secret passphrase, an account can be accessed from any instance of the Nxt software.
Consensus Mechanism
Unlike Peercoin's hybrid proof-of-stake/proof-of-work consensus mechanism, NXT and its forks employ 100% proof-of-stake. Block authors are selected in a manner that is practically random with greater amounts of stake increasing the likelihood of being selected. Noteworthy features include, high security for low cost, a static money supply.
Proof-of-Stake
The participants in the Nxt system can trust to each transaction, which must be confirmed by multiple users and approved to the blockchain. To maintain the Nxt network, users are rewarded with fees in return for generating blocks of transactions. This is how Bitcoin will work once all new coins are mined in year 2140. This eliminates the energy-intensive computing operations. This method effectively removes a large security risk inherent in most other coins: the issue of a 51% attack and many of the other vulnerabilities inherent to Proof-of-Work coins are gone.
Forging
With Nxt, coins can be earned through transaction fees. After receiving Nxt, and waiting for 1440 confirmations, your Nxt software will begin to contribute to the block generation process and can earn coins for you as long as your account is "unlocked". The amount of coin you can earn is dependent upon the number of coins you hold, the total number of coins "active" on the network, and the transaction fees included in blocks on the blockchain.
Nxt has implemented "transparent forging", which allows Nxt software to predict which accounts will forge upcoming blocks. This is basically done by iterating through all active accounts and seeing which one has the highest "hit". Transparent forging rapidly increases transaction processing, since the account that will forge the next block is known. Another benefit of this feature is that accounts that are due to forge, but do not, will be penalized by having their forging power temporarily reduced to zero.
Bitcoin miners invest in mining hardware to be able to mine some coins. With Nxt, users buy an actual amount of coins in order to start to start forging. There are no additional costs, and no expensive mining hardware is needed. The number of coins Nxt users earn from finishing a block depends on the number of "fee coins" in the block. The minimum fee per trade is 1 coin, and the number of trades in a block will vary. A block can contain a maximum of 255 transactions. It is also possible for blocks to be empty. For example, if a users owns 50,000 Nxt coins and the average value is 400%, he can forge 0.288 Nxt blocks per day, which translates to one block every 3 or 4 days.[9]
Low energy
The Proof-of-Stake algorithm is efficient enough to run on smartphones and small devices like the Raspberry Pi platform.
History
On 28 September 2013 Bitcointalk.org member BCNext created a forum thread announcing Nxt[7], asking for tiny donations of Bitcoin to help fund development of a brand new second generation cryptocurrency, as well as to determine how to distribute the initial stake. On 18 November 2013 fundraising for Nxt was closed, with 21 BTC raised. The genesis block was published on 24 November 2013. It revealed that 1,000,000,000 coins had been distributed to 73 stakeholders in proportion to their level of contribution to the original fundraising total. Nxt's original market capitalization was $800,000 USD. Source code was partially released on 3 January. Full sourcecode was released on 1 March 2014. The source code was later released under the MIT License[5].
Features
Alias System
Nxt implements an alias system that translates alphanumeric text into almost anything: Nxt account addresses, email addresses, URLs, phone numbers, SKU codes, and more.
Arbitrary Messages
This feature can be used to send simple text messages, but can also be used to send up to 1000 bytes of any data. As a result, it can be used to build file-sharing services, decentralized applications, and higher-level Nxt services.
Asset Exchange
Asset Exchange = colored coins: Since the blockchain provides a trustworthy record of transactions, it can be leveraged to provide a record of trade of items other than Nxt. To do this, Nxt allows the designation or "coloring" of a particular coin, which builds a bridge from the virtual crypto-currency world to the physical world. The "colored coin" can represent property, stocks/bonds, commodites, or even concepts. As a result, the Nxt network could be used to trade almost anything.
Marketplace
Features under testing
Monetary System
Features under testing
Monetary System
Multisignature transactions
A method (named Phasing for Nxt) for requiring multiple accounts to authorize a transaction before it is sent. Similar to having a "joint bank account"; could also be used to provide escrow and other services
Voting System
External Services
Since Nxt
Web Wallets
SecureAe
SuperNet
FreeMarket
History
On 28 September 2013 Bitcointalk.org member BCNext created a forum thread announcing Nxt[7], asking for tiny donations of Bitcoin to help fund development of a brand new second generation cryptocurrency as well as to determine how to distribute the initial stake. On 18 November 2013 fundraising for Nxt was closed, with 21 BTC raised. The genesis block was published on 24 November 2013[3]. It revealed that 1,000,000,000 coins had been distributed to 73 stakeholders in proportion to their level of contribution to the original fundraising total. Nxt's original market capitalization was $800,000 USD. Source code was partially released on 3 January. Full source code was released on 1 March 2014 under the MIT License[5].
Advantages over Bitcoin / other cryptocurrencies
- No bloated blockchain
- Lower energy consumption of the network
- Nxt requires only ten percent of the bandwidth of BTC
- Non vulnerable to 51% attacks
- Reduced production time between two blocks. With Bitcoin, the period is an average of ten minutes, at Nxt one minute
- No inflation caused by mining, all Nxt were generated in the first block and no further Nxt will be added
- Blockchain security cannot be centralized by large computational farms
Criticism
Distribution
Premining is the process of creating the first units of a cryptocurrency. Since there is no mining in a Proof-of-Stake currency, all units of NXT were released in pre-sale. After the announcement of the NXT project in the bitcointalk forums by its inventor BCnext[10], it was open to interested parties to buy shares in this new system via Bitcoins. A total of 73 people took advantage of this offer. A billion NXTcoins were distributed from the Genesis block and distributed to the shareholders.
Distribution
Because of this relatively small group of initial stake owners, the distribution has been repeatedly criticized. Comparing the distribution of wealth in NXT, BTC and the U.S. dollar, NXT is the best because it is based on "fair distribution" model:
As of May 2014 the top 100 NXT accounts contain 74% of the units[11], which is higher than many other top crypto currencies[12]. Considering the young age of NXT it has yet to be seen how the distribution will change over time.
Network-stored passwords
On the user-side the NXT account solely consists of a pass phrase. There is no wallet file in the standard client. That means anyone in the world can access the wallet if they know the pass phrase. This might lead to user errors, where the user creates accounts with short or predictable passwords. Brute-force attacks on the whole blockchain are possible. To alert users, the NXT client warns when a password has fewer than 30 characters. It also has an auto-generator for pass phrases included.
If the phrase is 30 characters - consisting of random symbols. Or if it is 50 or more characters consisting of a random words, the password can be considered unbreakable by any existing computing powers (currently and far in the foreseeable future).
Open-source software such as SF creates strong passwords and simultaneously allows the encrypted storage on the local machine.
See also
References
- ^ a b "Nxt Whitepaper". Retrieved 2014-03-09.
- ^ "Nxt-Wiki nxtQuant". Retrieved 21 December 2014.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
genesis-transaction
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Ways to Destroy NXT". NxtForum.org. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
- ^ a b c "nxt - source code MIT license". Bitbucket.org. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
- ^ "Nxt Source Repository". Bitbucket.org. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
- ^ a b c BCNext. "[ANN] Nxt :: descendant of Bitcoin". Bitcointalk.org. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
- ^ "NxtWiki:Asset Exchange". TheNxtWiki.org. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
ya2014
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "[ANN] Nxt :: descendant of Bitcoin". Retrieved 20 May 2014.
- ^ "NXT Wallet Distribution Charts". nxtcrypto.org - charts. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
- ^ "Bit Info Charts - various stats". Bit Info Charts. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
Cite error: A list-defined reference named "ft2014" is not used in the content (see the help page).
Cite error: A list-defined reference named "cs201407" is not used in the content (see the help page).
Cite error: A list-defined reference named "ar2014" is not used in the content (see the help page).
Cite error: A list-defined reference named "multigateway" is not used in the content (see the help page).
Cite error: A list-defined reference named "costefficiency" is not used in the content (see the help page).
External links
- nxt.org - Main Website
- nxter.org - Detailed updates news and resources
- nxtforum - Most active Nxt user community
- thenxtwiki - Detailed Wiki in multiple languages
- Nxt Whitepaper and Nxt source code
- reddit/r/nxt - Nxt Subreddit
- Bitcointalk.org - Offical Discussion Thread
- bitcoinwisdom-nxt-btc - NXT/BTC Chart with BTER-Data
- Various block explorers and online wallets: mynxt.info, nxtblocks, secureae, nxtreporting, nxtexplorer.