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Rapid land use changes taking place in peri urban settlements in cities of developing world have been jeopardizing the ecosystem services<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://search.proquest.com/openview/74078809ffce4733d8603c3bd0c57753/1?pq-origsite=gscholar|title=Effects of Peri-Urban Land Use Changes on Forest Ecosystem Services: The Case of Settlements Surrounding Pugu and Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserves in Tanzania - ProQuest|website=search.proquest.com|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads|title=Index of /wp-content/uploads|website=www.eajournals.org|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref> . Forests which are the major sources of provisioning ecosystems have been reported to decrease at a very rapid rate over the three decades in Tanzania since the introduction of trade liberalization policies<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Briggs|first=John|last2=Mwamfupe|first2=Davis|date=2000-04-01|title=Peri-urban Development in an Era of Structural Adjustment in Africa: The City of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania|url=http://usj.sagepub.com/content/37/4/797|journal=Urban Studies|language=en|volume=37|issue=4|pages=797–809|doi=10.1080/00420980050004026|issn=0042-0980}}</ref>. Researches suggest that further deforestation was fueled by rural-urban migration and that the policies had a negative impact on rural development which was very muchbased on agriculture and therefore many youths had to move to urban areas for survival and thereby exacerbated rapid peri urban development and therefore rapid land use changes<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Briggs|first=John|last2=Mwamfupe|first2=Davis|date=2000-04-01|title=Peri-urban Development in an Era of Structural Adjustment in Africa: The City of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania|url=http://usj.sagepub.com/content/37/4/797|journal=Urban Studies|language=en|volume=37|issue=4|pages=797–809|doi=10.1080/00420980050004026|issn=0042-0980}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Briggs|first=John|last2=Mwamfupe|first2=Davis|date=1999-01-01|title=The changing nature of the peri‐urban zone in Africa: Evidence from Dar‐es‐Salaam, Tanzania|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00369229918737070|journal=Scottish Geographical Journal|volume=115|issue=4|pages=269–282|doi=10.1080/00369229918737070|issn=1470-2541}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CU9ZaIsvcV4C|title=The Peri-urban Interface: Approaches to Sustainable Natural and Human Resource Use|last=McGregor|first=Duncan F. M.|last2=Simon|first2=David|last3=Thompson|first3=Donald A.|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781844071883|language=en}}</ref>. Peri urban areas which were the foci of land development experienced rapid population growth due to the fact that the land there is cheap and affordable to many migrants as compared to land in the inner city centre. This rapid population influx which has driven rapid land use changes has been said to cause rapid decrease of the forests and therefore severely affecting ecosystem services<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kashaigili|first=Japhet J.|last2=Mdemu|first2=Makarius V.|last3=Nduganda|first3=Augustino R.|last4=Mbilinyi|first4=Boniface P.|date=2013-03-12|title=Integrated Assessment of Forest Cover Change and Above-Ground Carbon Stock in Pugu and Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserves, Tanzania|url=http://file.scirp.org/Html/1-2630020_28964.htm|journal=Advances in Remote Sensing|language=en|volume=02|issue=01|pages=1–9|doi=10.4236/ars.2013.21001}}</ref>. Ecosystem services in peri urban settlements include forests and their related species, fruits, wild beats and water services mainly provided by ecosystem services<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Worm|first=Boris|last2=Barbier|first2=Edward B.|last3=Beaumont|first3=Nicola|last4=Duffy|first4=J. Emmett|last5=Folke|first5=Carl|last6=Halpern|first6=Benjamin S.|last7=Jackson|first7=Jeremy B. C.|last8=Lotze|first8=Heike K.|last9=Micheli|first9=Fiorenza|date=2006-11-03|title=Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on Ocean Ecosystem Services|url=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/314/5800/787|journal=Science|language=en|volume=314|issue=5800|pages=787–790|doi=10.1126/science.1132294|issn=0036-8075|pmid=17082450}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Maes|first=Joachim|last2=Egoh|first2=Benis|last3=Willemen|first3=Louise|last4=Liquete|first4=Camino|last5=Vihervaara|first5=Petteri|last6=Schägner|first6=Jan Philipp|last7=Grizzetti|first7=Bruna|last8=Drakou|first8=Evangelia G.|last9=Notte|first9=Alessandra La|date=2012-07-01|title=Mapping ecosystem services for policy support and decision making in the European Union|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212041612000058|journal=Ecosystem Services|volume=1|issue=1|pages=31–39|doi=10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.06.004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Crossman|first=Neville D.|last2=Burkhard|first2=Benjamin|last3=Nedkov|first3=Stoyan|last4=Willemen|first4=Louise|last5=Petz|first5=Katalin|last6=Palomo|first6=Ignacio|last7=Drakou|first7=Evangelia G.|last8=Martín-Lopez|first8=Berta|last9=McPhearson|first9=Timon|date=2013-06-01|title=A blueprint for mapping and modelling ecosystem services|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212041613000041|journal=Ecosystem Services|series=Special Issue on Mapping and Modelling Ecosystem Services|volume=4|pages=4–14|doi=10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.02.001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Balvanera|first=Patricia|last2=Pfisterer|first2=Andrea B.|last3=Buchmann|first3=Nina|last4=He|first4=Jing-Shen|last5=Nakashizuka|first5=Tohru|last6=Raffaelli|first6=David|last7=Schmid|first7=Bernhard|date=2006-10-01|title=Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00963.x/abstract|journal=Ecology Letters|language=en|volume=9|issue=10|pages=1146–1156|doi=10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00963.x|issn=1461-0248}}</ref>. However, water productivity as one of the ecosystems has been facing the problem of scarcity due to among others increasing human population and rapid peri urban land use changes in the sub Saharan Africa<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mdemu|first=M. V.|last2=Rodgers|first2=C.|last3=Vlek|first3=P. L. G.|last4=Borgadi|first4=J. J.|date=2009-01-01|title=Water productivity (WP) in reservoir irrigated schemes in the upper east region (UER) of Ghana|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474706508002258|journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C|series=Integrated Water Resources Assessment, with Special Focus on Developing Countries|volume=34|issue=4–5|pages=324–328|doi=10.1016/j.pce.2008.08.006}}</ref>. Managing peri urban land use changes has also been another challenge due to poor land use development control and population explosion<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%253A9224&dswid=-1378|title=http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%253A9224&dswid=-1378|website=www.diva-portal.org|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref>. It is believed that la{{Profile slu|name=Stanslaus Butungo|occupation=Researcher|department=Rural Development|personal website=www.slu.se|about me=I am a Ph.D. student at SLU from Ardhi University Tanzania|research area=Land Management|initiated=|contributed=}}
I come from the School of Urban and Regional Planning<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aru.ac.tz|title=Ardhi University|website=www.aru.ac.tz|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref>, Ardhi University-Dar es Salaam.

Publication is one of the prerequisite conditions for academic promotion and one gets promoted depending on number of publications as well as where s/he has published<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aru.ac.tz|title=Ardhi University|website=www.aru.ac.tz|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref>. Normally there is a weight assigned to each individual (academic staff) on matters of publications. In attempting to answer this question I will refer to the recent paper that I was a co-author. The title of the paper was “Effects of Peri Urban Land Use Changes on Forest Ecosystem Services”<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.academia.edu|title=Academia.edu - Share research|website=www.academia.edu|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lupala|first=John M.|last2=Mdemu|first2=Makarius V.|last3=Butungo|first3=Stanslaus P.|date=2014-11-28|title=Effects of Peri-Urban Land Use Changes on Forest Ecosystem Services: The Case of Settlements Surrounding Pugu and Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserves in Tanzania|url=http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jgg/article/view/42774|journal=Journal of Geography and Geology|language=en|volume=6|issue=4|pages=231|doi=10.5539/jgg.v6n4p231|issn=1916-9787}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aru.ac.tz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=303|title=Publications|last=Administrator|website=www.aru.ac.tz|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lupala|first=John M.|last2=Mdemu|first2=Makarius V.|last3=Butungo|first3=Stanslaus P.|date=2014-11-28|title=Effects of Peri-Urban Land Use Changes on Forest Ecosystem Services: The Case of Settlements Surrounding Pugu and Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserves in Tanzania|url=http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jgg/article/view/42774|journal=Journal of Geography and Geology|language=en|volume=6|issue=4|pages=231|doi=10.5539/jgg.v6n4p231|issn=1916-9787}}</ref> The factors that we determined where we wanted to publish this paper were;

·        Publishing in an international journal. Although we have our local university journal, we decided to publish in the Canadian Journal of geography and Geology due to the impact factor. Unlike our local journal whose chances of accessibility is low publishing in international journals attracts access to may researchers across the globe. Nevertheless, international journals with world recognition also have higher impact factor. Journals like Elsevier for instance can’t compare with other local journals. In this regard publishing in international journals has more weight to academic staff than the local ones.

·        The type of the journal and content of the material published also matters<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fronter.com/slu/main.phtml|title=Fronter|website=fronter.com|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref>. It is important to select the journal that relates to the content of the material published. If it is the journal related to medical research then it is worthwhile sending publications related to it. Likewise, we decided to send ours to this journal because the type of the journal related to the theme of our study. This is so because, I think many researchers would prefer to read journals that have topics that have interest to their topics. Although I admit that this may not be always the case because with internet search, it is easy to find any publication regardless the journal where is has been subscribed to.

·        Time to receive feedback also matters particularly for academicians in my university<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mdemu|first=M. V.|last2=Rodgers|first2=C.|last3=Vlek|first3=P. L. G.|last4=Borgadi|first4=J. J.|date=2009-01-01|title=Water productivity (WP) in reservoir irrigated schemes in the upper east region (UER) of Ghana|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474706508002258|journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C|series=Integrated Water Resources Assessment, with Special Focus on Developing Countries|volume=34|issue=4–5|pages=324–328|doi=10.1016/j.pce.2008.08.006}}</ref>. This is so because it speeds the promotion for the academic staff as opposed to late feedback which also delays fringe benefits accrued to the person. I have the evidence of two recent Ph.D graduates have different promotion scales; one has already been promoted as a senior lecturer and the other one is still a lecturer although they all graduated on similar dates and all had similar submission of their manuscripts for publication.

·        Peer review may not be an issue as long as every journal would have its own peer reviewers. The issue of cost matters in this case. On our case it was easy because one of authors in our manuscript had the zeal for promotion to be the Associate Professor and so he had to pay a substantial amount of money to have the manuscript published. This I think, would affect researchers who have interest but have no funds for publishing their research reports. Although yes, it cannot be avoided, it also affects the decision for a place to publish one's manuscript.{{Profile slu|name=Stanslaus Butungo|occupation=Researcher|department=Rural Development|personal website=www.slu.se|about me=I am a Ph.D. student at SLU from Ardhi University Tanzania|research area=Land Management|initiated=|contributed=}}

Revision as of 16:56, 4 April 2016

Rapid land use changes taking place in peri urban settlements in cities of developing world have been jeopardizing the ecosystem services[1][2] . Forests which are the major sources of provisioning ecosystems have been reported to decrease at a very rapid rate over the three decades in Tanzania since the introduction of trade liberalization policies[3]. Researches suggest that further deforestation was fueled by rural-urban migration and that the policies had a negative impact on rural development which was very muchbased on agriculture and therefore many youths had to move to urban areas for survival and thereby exacerbated rapid peri urban development and therefore rapid land use changes[4][5][6]. Peri urban areas which were the foci of land development experienced rapid population growth due to the fact that the land there is cheap and affordable to many migrants as compared to land in the inner city centre. This rapid population influx which has driven rapid land use changes has been said to cause rapid decrease of the forests and therefore severely affecting ecosystem services[7]. Ecosystem services in peri urban settlements include forests and their related species, fruits, wild beats and water services mainly provided by ecosystem services[8][9][10][11]. However, water productivity as one of the ecosystems has been facing the problem of scarcity due to among others increasing human population and rapid peri urban land use changes in the sub Saharan Africa[12]. Managing peri urban land use changes has also been another challenge due to poor land use development control and population explosion[13]. It is believed that la

Stanslaus Butungo
Occupation: Researcher

Websites
Department: Rural Development
Personal: www.slu.se
Project: SLU Wikipedia project

About me

I am a Ph.D. student at SLU from Ardhi University Tanzania

Research area

Land Management


  1. ^ "Effects of Peri-Urban Land Use Changes on Forest Ecosystem Services: The Case of Settlements Surrounding Pugu and Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserves in Tanzania - ProQuest". search.proquest.com. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
  2. ^ "Index of /wp-content/uploads". www.eajournals.org. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
  3. ^ Briggs, John; Mwamfupe, Davis (2000-04-01). "Peri-urban Development in an Era of Structural Adjustment in Africa: The City of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania". Urban Studies. 37 (4): 797–809. doi:10.1080/00420980050004026. ISSN 0042-0980.
  4. ^ Briggs, John; Mwamfupe, Davis (2000-04-01). "Peri-urban Development in an Era of Structural Adjustment in Africa: The City of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania". Urban Studies. 37 (4): 797–809. doi:10.1080/00420980050004026. ISSN 0042-0980.
  5. ^ Briggs, John; Mwamfupe, Davis (1999-01-01). "The changing nature of the peri‐urban zone in Africa: Evidence from Dar‐es‐Salaam, Tanzania". Scottish Geographical Journal. 115 (4): 269–282. doi:10.1080/00369229918737070. ISSN 1470-2541.
  6. ^ McGregor, Duncan F. M.; Simon, David; Thompson, Donald A. (2006-01-01). The Peri-urban Interface: Approaches to Sustainable Natural and Human Resource Use. Routledge. ISBN 9781844071883.
  7. ^ Kashaigili, Japhet J.; Mdemu, Makarius V.; Nduganda, Augustino R.; Mbilinyi, Boniface P. (2013-03-12). "Integrated Assessment of Forest Cover Change and Above-Ground Carbon Stock in Pugu and Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserves, Tanzania". Advances in Remote Sensing. 02 (01): 1–9. doi:10.4236/ars.2013.21001.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  8. ^ Worm, Boris; Barbier, Edward B.; Beaumont, Nicola; Duffy, J. Emmett; Folke, Carl; Halpern, Benjamin S.; Jackson, Jeremy B. C.; Lotze, Heike K.; Micheli, Fiorenza (2006-11-03). "Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on Ocean Ecosystem Services". Science. 314 (5800): 787–790. doi:10.1126/science.1132294. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17082450.
  9. ^ Maes, Joachim; Egoh, Benis; Willemen, Louise; Liquete, Camino; Vihervaara, Petteri; Schägner, Jan Philipp; Grizzetti, Bruna; Drakou, Evangelia G.; Notte, Alessandra La (2012-07-01). "Mapping ecosystem services for policy support and decision making in the European Union". Ecosystem Services. 1 (1): 31–39. doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.06.004.
  10. ^ Crossman, Neville D.; Burkhard, Benjamin; Nedkov, Stoyan; Willemen, Louise; Petz, Katalin; Palomo, Ignacio; Drakou, Evangelia G.; Martín-Lopez, Berta; McPhearson, Timon (2013-06-01). "A blueprint for mapping and modelling ecosystem services". Ecosystem Services. Special Issue on Mapping and Modelling Ecosystem Services. 4: 4–14. doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.02.001.
  11. ^ Balvanera, Patricia; Pfisterer, Andrea B.; Buchmann, Nina; He, Jing-Shen; Nakashizuka, Tohru; Raffaelli, David; Schmid, Bernhard (2006-10-01). "Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services". Ecology Letters. 9 (10): 1146–1156. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00963.x. ISSN 1461-0248.
  12. ^ Mdemu, M. V.; Rodgers, C.; Vlek, P. L. G.; Borgadi, J. J. (2009-01-01). "Water productivity (WP) in reservoir irrigated schemes in the upper east region (UER) of Ghana". Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C. Integrated Water Resources Assessment, with Special Focus on Developing Countries. 34 (4–5): 324–328. doi:10.1016/j.pce.2008.08.006.
  13. ^ "http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%253A9224&dswid=-1378". www.diva-portal.org. Retrieved 2016-04-04. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
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