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A simple [[game of chance]], of [[Old Europe (archaeology)|Old Europan]] provenance (see ''par-impar''<ref>{{Cite web|title = A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities|url = http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0063%253Aalphabetic+letter%253DP%253Aentry+group%253D1%253Aentry%253Dpar-impar-ludere-cn|website = www.perseus.tufts.edu|access-date = 2016-02-06|date = 1890}}</ref>), where the players had to guess if the hidden objects were '''even''' (''czetno'' or ''cetno''<ref>{{Cite book|title = Slownik jẹzyka polskiego|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4XzRAAAAMAAJ|date = 1808-01-01|language = de|first = Samuel Bogumił|last = Linde}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title = Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego: A-K|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8A1iAAAAMAAJ|publisher = Wydawn. Naukowe PWN|date = 2000-01-01|isbn = 9788301130169|language = pl|first = Andrzej|last = Bańkowski}}</ref> or ''cet''<ref>{{Cite book|title = Cet czy licho: powieść historyczna z końca wieku XVII|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OzIJGwAACAAJ|publisher = Ludowa Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza|date = 1978-01-01|language = pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title = Przyslowia polskie|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=muEpAQAAIAAJ|date = 1969-01-01|language = pl}}</ref> or ''čet<ref>{{Cite book|title = Numerals: Comparative-etymological Analyses of Numeral Systems and Their Implications : Saharan, Nubian, Egyptian, Berber, Kartvelian, Uralic, Altaic and Indo-European Languages|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iUcnAQAAIAAJ|publisher = Masarykova Univerzita|date = 1999-01-01|isbn = 9788021020702|first = Václav|last = Blažek}}</ref>'') or '''odd''', remaining (''licho'', see [[likho]], or ''liszka''<ref>{{Cite book|title = Słownictwo i frazeologia życia towarzyskiego w polskiej leksykografii XX wieku|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WChhAAAAMAAJ|publisher = Wydawn. Naukowe UAM|date = 2004-01-01|isbn = 9788323213789|language = pl|first = Anna|last = Piotrowicz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://ispan.waw.pl/journals/index.php/abs/article/download/abs.2012.012/73|title = DAWNA LEKSYKA CIECHANOWCA I OKOLICZNYCH WSI|date = 2012|access-date = |website = |publisher = |last = Irena Maryniakowa|first = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Dzieła poetyckie|url = https://archive.org/stream/dzieapoetyckie02polw/dzieapoetyckie02polw_djvu.txt| work = [[Internet Archive]] |access-date = 2016-02-06}}</ref>) in number,<ref>{{Cite book|title = Nouveau grand dictionnaire ... francois, latin & polonois, enrichi des mellieurs françons [sic] de parler. Avec des notes de critique & de grammaire sur ces trois langues. Tome second|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6SBhAAAAcAAJ|publisher = dans l'imprimerie Royalle de la Republique aux Ecolles Pieuses|date = 1745-01-01|first = Pierre|last = DANET}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Encyklopedia staropolska/Licho - Wikiźródła, teksty i materiały źródłowe|url = https://pl.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyklopedia_staropolska/Licho|website = pl.wikisource.org|access-date = 2016-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Этимология и история слов русского языка|url = http://etymolog.ruslang.ru/index.php?act=essja|website = etymolog.ruslang.ru|access-date = 2016-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Cetno–licho|url = http://www.gutenberg.czyz.org/word,10203|website = Encyklopedia Gutenberga|access-date = 2016-01-18}}</ref> with ''likho'' meaning also bad luck or devil.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Ausführliches polnisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch zum Gebrauche für Deutsche und Polen: nebst einem Anhange, das Verzeichniß unregelmäßiger Formen enthaltend|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bklZAAAAcAAJ|publisher = Ernst Siegfried Mittler|date = 1835-01-01|language = de|first = Józef Kajetan|last = Trojański}}</ref> The counted objects could also be white or black pawns or lines drawn in ashes, and the game had mystical overtones of invoking the [[Sudice (mythology)|Sudice]] - Slavic Fates<ref>{{Cite book|title = Mitologia słowiańska|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=l40LCgAAQBAJ|publisher = Helion|date = 2015-06-30|isbn = 9788328554085|language = pl|first = Aleksander|last = Brckner}}</ref> (cf. [[Wyrd]]).
A simple [[game of chance]], of [[Old Europe (archaeology)|Old Europan]] provenance (see ''par-impar''<ref>{{Cite web|title = A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities|url = http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0063%253Aalphabetic+letter%253DP%253Aentry+group%253D1%253Aentry%253Dpar-impar-ludere-cn|website = www.perseus.tufts.edu|access-date = 2016-02-06|date = 1890}}</ref>), where the players had to guess if the hidden objects were '''even''' (''czetno'' or ''cetno''<ref>{{Cite book|title = Slownik jẹzyka polskiego|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4XzRAAAAMAAJ|date = 1808-01-01|language = de|first = Samuel Bogumił|last = Linde}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title = Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego: A-K|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8A1iAAAAMAAJ|publisher = Wydawn. Naukowe PWN|date = 2000-01-01|isbn = 9788301130169|language = pl|first = Andrzej|last = Bańkowski}}</ref> or ''cet''<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite book|title = Przyslowia polskie|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=muEpAQAAIAAJ|date = 1969-01-01|language = pl}}</ref> or ''čet<ref>{{Cite book|title = Numerals: Comparative-etymological Analyses of Numeral Systems and Their Implications : Saharan, Nubian, Egyptian, Berber, Kartvelian, Uralic, Altaic and Indo-European Languages|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iUcnAQAAIAAJ|publisher = Masarykova Univerzita|date = 1999-01-01|isbn = 9788021020702|first = Václav|last = Blažek}}</ref>'') or '''odd''', remaining (''licho'', see [[likho]], or ''liszka''<ref>{{Cite book|title = Słownictwo i frazeologia życia towarzyskiego w polskiej leksykografii XX wieku|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WChhAAAAMAAJ|publisher = Wydawn. Naukowe UAM|date = 2004-01-01|isbn = 9788323213789|language = pl|first = Anna|last = Piotrowicz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://ispan.waw.pl/journals/index.php/abs/article/download/abs.2012.012/73|title = DAWNA LEKSYKA CIECHANOWCA I OKOLICZNYCH WSI|date = 2012|access-date = |website = |publisher = |last = Irena Maryniakowa|first = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Dzieła poetyckie|url = https://archive.org/stream/dzieapoetyckie02polw/dzieapoetyckie02polw_djvu.txt| work = [[Internet Archive]] |access-date = 2016-02-06}}</ref>) in number,<ref>{{Cite book|title = Nouveau grand dictionnaire ... francois, latin & polonois, enrichi des mellieurs françons [sic] de parler. Avec des notes de critique & de grammaire sur ces trois langues. Tome second|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6SBhAAAAcAAJ|publisher = dans l'imprimerie Royalle de la Republique aux Ecolles Pieuses|date = 1745-01-01|first = Pierre|last = DANET}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Encyklopedia staropolska/Licho - Wikiźródła, teksty i materiały źródłowe|url = https://pl.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyklopedia_staropolska/Licho|website = pl.wikisource.org|access-date = 2016-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Этимология и история слов русского языка|url = http://etymolog.ruslang.ru/index.php?act=essja|website = etymolog.ruslang.ru|access-date = 2016-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Cetno–licho|url = http://www.gutenberg.czyz.org/word,10203|website = Encyklopedia Gutenberga|access-date = 2016-01-18}}</ref> with ''likho'' meaning also bad luck or devil.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Ausführliches polnisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch zum Gebrauche für Deutsche und Polen: nebst einem Anhange, das Verzeichniß unregelmäßiger Formen enthaltend|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bklZAAAAcAAJ|publisher = Ernst Siegfried Mittler|date = 1835-01-01|language = de|first = Józef Kajetan|last = Trojański}}</ref> The counted objects could also be white or black pawns or lines drawn in ashes, and the game had mystical overtones of invoking the [[Sudice (mythology)|Sudice]] - Slavic Fates<ref>{{Cite book|title = Mitologia słowiańska|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=l40LCgAAQBAJ|publisher = Helion|date = 2015-06-30|isbn = 9788328554085|language = pl|first = Aleksander|last = Brckner}}</ref> (cf. [[Wyrd]]).


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 22:32, 12 November 2016

A simple game of chance, of Old Europan provenance (see par-impar[1]), where the players had to guess if the hidden objects were even (czetno or cetno[2][3] or cet[4][5] or čet[6]) or odd, remaining (licho, see likho, or liszka[7][8][9]) in number,[10][11][12][13] with likho meaning also bad luck or devil.[14] The counted objects could also be white or black pawns or lines drawn in ashes, and the game had mystical overtones of invoking the Sudice - Slavic Fates[15] (cf. Wyrd).

See also

References

  1. ^ "A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities". www.perseus.tufts.edu. 1890. Retrieved 2016-02-06.
  2. ^ Linde, Samuel Bogumił (1808-01-01). Slownik jẹzyka polskiego (in German).
  3. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000-01-01). Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego: A-K (in Polish). Wydawn. Naukowe PWN. ISBN 9788301130169.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Przyslowia polskie (in Polish). 1969-01-01.
  6. ^ Blažek, Václav (1999-01-01). Numerals: Comparative-etymological Analyses of Numeral Systems and Their Implications : Saharan, Nubian, Egyptian, Berber, Kartvelian, Uralic, Altaic and Indo-European Languages. Masarykova Univerzita. ISBN 9788021020702.
  7. ^ Piotrowicz, Anna (2004-01-01). Słownictwo i frazeologia życia towarzyskiego w polskiej leksykografii XX wieku (in Polish). Wydawn. Naukowe UAM. ISBN 9788323213789.
  8. ^ Irena Maryniakowa (2012). "DAWNA LEKSYKA CIECHANOWCA I OKOLICZNYCH WSI".
  9. ^ "Dzieła poetyckie". Internet Archive. Retrieved 2016-02-06.
  10. ^ DANET, Pierre (1745-01-01). Nouveau grand dictionnaire ... francois, latin & polonois, enrichi des mellieurs françons [sic] de parler. Avec des notes de critique & de grammaire sur ces trois langues. Tome second. dans l'imprimerie Royalle de la Republique aux Ecolles Pieuses.
  11. ^ "Encyklopedia staropolska/Licho - Wikiźródła, teksty i materiały źródłowe". pl.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2016-01-18.
  12. ^ "Этимология и история слов русского языка". etymolog.ruslang.ru. Retrieved 2016-01-18.
  13. ^ "Cetno–licho". Encyklopedia Gutenberga. Retrieved 2016-01-18.
  14. ^ Trojański, Józef Kajetan (1835-01-01). Ausführliches polnisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch zum Gebrauche für Deutsche und Polen: nebst einem Anhange, das Verzeichniß unregelmäßiger Formen enthaltend (in German). Ernst Siegfried Mittler.
  15. ^ Brckner, Aleksander (2015-06-30). Mitologia słowiańska (in Polish). Helion. ISBN 9788328554085.

In literature

Cetno i licho: literary essays[1] by Żółkiewski

Cet czy Licho, Józef Ignacy Kraszewski[2][3]


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  1. ^ Żó̇łkiewski, Stefan (1983-01-01). Cetno i licho: Szkice 1938-1980 (in Polish). Książka i Wiedza. ISBN 9788305111645.
  2. ^ "Kraszewski Jozef Ignacy - Cet czy licho | PEBx.pl · PEB.pl". pebx.pl. Retrieved 2016-02-06.
  3. ^ Cet czy licho: powieść historyczna z końca wieku XVII (in Polish). Ludowa Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza. 1978-01-01.
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