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| death_place = [[Edgware]], London, England
| death_place = [[Edgware]], London, England
| death_cause = [[Myocardial infarction|Heart attack]]
| death_cause = [[Myocardial infarction|Heart attack]]
| resting_place = Bushey Jewish cemetery
| resting_place = Bushey Cemetery
| resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|51.6565|-0.3505|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|51.6565|-0.3505|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| monuments =
| monuments =
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| agent =
| agent =
| known_for =
| known_for =
| religion = Jewish
| religion =
| denomination = <!-- Denomination should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
| denomination = <!-- Denomination should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
| spouse = Audrey O'Donnell (1960–62, his death)
| spouse = Audrey O'Donnell (1960–62, his death)
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| awards =
| awards =
}}}}
}}}}
'''Perec "Peter" Rachman''' (1919 – 29 November 1962) was a [[Poland|Polish]]-born [[landlord]] of [[Jews|Jewish]] descent, who operated in [[Notting Hill]], London, England in the 1950s and early 1960s. He became notorious for his exploitation of his [[Leasehold estate|tenants]], with the word "Rachmanism" entering the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' as a synonym for the exploitation and intimidation of tenants.
'''Perec "Peter" Rachman''' (1919 – 29 November 1962) was a [[Poland|Polish]]-born [[landlord]] who operated in [[Notting Hill]], London, England in the 1950s and early 1960s. He became notorious for his exploitation of his [[Leasehold estate|tenants]], with the word "Rachmanism" entering the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' as a synonym for the exploitation and intimidation of tenants.


==Career==
==Career==
===Early life and World War II===
===Early life and World War II===
Rachman was born in [[Lviv|Lwów]], Poland, in 1919, the son of a Jewish dentist.<ref>Shirley Green ''Rachman'', 1979, London: Michael Joseph, p. 7.</ref> After the [[Invasion of Poland|German invasion of Poland]] in 1939, Rachman may have joined the [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish resistance]].<ref>Green, ''Rachman'', p. 9.</ref> He was first interned by the Germans and, after escaping across the Soviet border, was reinterned in a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] labour camp in [[Siberia]] and cruelly treated.<ref>Green, ''Rachman'', pp. 10–12.</ref> After the Germans [[Operation Barbarossa|declared war on the Soviet Union in 1941]], Rachman and other Polish prisoners joined the [[II Corps (Poland)|2nd Polish Corps]] and fought on behalf of the Allies in the [[Middle East]] and [[Italy]]. After the war he stayed with his unit, which remained as an occupying force in Italy until 1946 when they transferred to [[UK|Britain]]. Rachman was eventually [[Demobilization|demobilized]] in 1948 and became a British resident.<ref>Green, ''Rachman'', pp. 12–19.</ref>
Rachman was born in [[Lviv|Lwów]], Poland, in 1919.<ref>Shirley Green ''Rachman'', 1979, London: Michael Joseph, p. 7.</ref> After the [[Invasion of Poland|German invasion of Poland]] in 1939, Rachman may have joined the [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish resistance]].<ref>Green, ''Rachman'', p. 9.</ref> He was first interned by the Germans and, after escaping across the Soviet border, was reinterned in a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] labour camp in [[Siberia]] and cruelly treated.<ref>Green, ''Rachman'', pp. 10–12.</ref> After the Germans [[Operation Barbarossa|declared war on the Soviet Union in 1941]], Rachman and other Polish prisoners joined the [[II Corps (Poland)|2nd Polish Corps]] and fought on behalf of the Allies in the [[Middle East]] and [[Italy]]. After the war he stayed with his unit, which remained as an occupying force in Italy until 1946 when they transferred to [[UK|Britain]]. Rachman was eventually [[Demobilization|demobilized]] in 1948 and became a British resident.<ref>Green, ''Rachman'', pp. 12–19.</ref>


===Business career===
===Business career===
Line 63: Line 63:


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Rachman married his long-standing girlfriend Audrey O'Donnell in 1960 but remained a compulsive [[Promiscuity#Male promiscuity|womaniser]], maintaining Mandy Rice-Davies as his mistress at 1 Bryanston Mews West, W1, where he had previously briefly installed Christine Keeler. After suffering two [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]]s, Peter Rachman died in Edgware General Hospital on 29 November 1962, at the age of 43. He is buried in the Jewish Cemetery at [[Bushey]], [[Hertfordshire]].<ref>Green, ''Rachman'', pp. 232–33.</ref>
Rachman married his long-standing girlfriend Audrey O'Donnell in 1960 but remained a compulsive [[Promiscuity#Male promiscuity|womaniser]], maintaining Mandy Rice-Davies as his mistress at 1 Bryanston Mews West, W1, where he had previously briefly installed Christine Keeler. After suffering two [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]]s, Peter Rachman died in Edgware General Hospital on 29 November 1962, at the age of 43. He is buried in the [[Bushey Cemetery]], [[Hertfordshire]].<ref>Green, ''Rachman'', pp. 232–33.</ref>


Rachman was denied British citizenship. As his hometown was transferred from Poland to the Soviet Union, he became [[Statelessness|stateless]].<ref>Green (1979), ''Rachman''.</ref>
Rachman was denied British citizenship. As his hometown was transferred from Poland to the Soviet Union, he became [[Statelessness|stateless]].<ref>Green (1979), ''Rachman''.</ref>

Revision as of 14:46, 26 May 2017

Peter Rachman
Born
Perec Rachman

1919
Lwów, Poland
Died29 November 1962 (aged 43)
Edgware, London, England
Cause of deathHeart attack
Resting placeBushey Cemetery
51°39′23″N 0°21′02″W / 51.6565°N 0.3505°W / 51.6565; -0.3505
NationalityPolish, later stateless
Occupation(s)Landlord, property developer
SpouseAudrey O'Donnell (1960–62, his death)
Military career
Allegiance Poland
Service / branchPolish Armed Forces in the West
Years of service1941–1948
UnitII Corps
Battles / warsWorld War II

Perec "Peter" Rachman (1919 – 29 November 1962) was a Polish-born landlord who operated in Notting Hill, London, England in the 1950s and early 1960s. He became notorious for his exploitation of his tenants, with the word "Rachmanism" entering the Oxford English Dictionary as a synonym for the exploitation and intimidation of tenants.

Career

Early life and World War II

Rachman was born in Lwów, Poland, in 1919.[1] After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, Rachman may have joined the Polish resistance.[2] He was first interned by the Germans and, after escaping across the Soviet border, was reinterned in a Soviet labour camp in Siberia and cruelly treated.[3] After the Germans declared war on the Soviet Union in 1941, Rachman and other Polish prisoners joined the 2nd Polish Corps and fought on behalf of the Allies in the Middle East and Italy. After the war he stayed with his unit, which remained as an occupying force in Italy until 1946 when they transferred to Britain. Rachman was eventually demobilized in 1948 and became a British resident.[4]

Business career

Rachman began his career by working for an estate agent in Shepherd's Bush.[5] By 1957, he built up a property empire in west London consisting of more than one hundred mansion blocks and several nightclubs. His office was at 91–93 Westbourne Grove, in Bayswater, and the first house he purchased and used for multi-occupation was nearby in now-fashionable St Stephen's Gardens, W2. In adjacent areas in Notting Hill (W11), including Powis Square, Powis Gardens, Powis Terrace, Colville Road and Colville Terrace, he also subdivided large properties into flats and let rooms, initially often for prostitution. Much of this area, south of Westbourne Park Road, having become derelict, was compulsorily purchased by Westminster City Council in the late 1960s and was demolished in 1973–74 to make way for the Wessex Gardens estate.[6][7]

According to his biographer, Shirley Green, Rachman moved the protected tenants into a smaller concentration of properties or bought them out in order to minimise the number of tenancies with statutory rent controls. Houses were also subdivided into a number of flats in order to increase the number of tenancies without rent controls.[8] He then filled the properties with recent immigrants from the West Indies. Rachman's initial reputation, which he even promoted in the media, was as someone who could help to find and provide accommodation for immigrants. However, some suggested he was overcharging West Indians, as they did not have the same protection under the law as had the previous ones.

By 1958 he had largely moved out of slum-landlording into property development, but his former henchmen, including the equally-notorious Michael de Freitas (aka Michael X/Abdul Malik), who created a reputation as a black-power leader, and Johnny Edgecombe, who became a promoter of jazz and blues, helped to keep him in the limelight.[9][10] A special police unit was set up to investigate Rachman in 1959, and uncovered a network of 33 companies controlling his property empire.[5] They also discovered Rachman was involved in prostitution and he was prosecuted twice for brothel-keeping.[11]

Rachman did not achieve general notoriety until after his death, when the Profumo Affair of 1963 hit the headlines and it emerged that both Christine Keeler and Mandy Rice-Davies had been his mistresses, and that he had owned the mews house in Marylebone where Rice-Davies and Keeler had stayed.

As full details of his activities were revealed, there was a call for new legislation to prevent such practices, led by Ben Parkin, MP for Paddington North, who coined the term "Rachmanism". The subsequent Rent Act 1965 gave security to tenants.

Personal life

Rachman married his long-standing girlfriend Audrey O'Donnell in 1960 but remained a compulsive womaniser, maintaining Mandy Rice-Davies as his mistress at 1 Bryanston Mews West, W1, where he had previously briefly installed Christine Keeler. After suffering two heart attacks, Peter Rachman died in Edgware General Hospital on 29 November 1962, at the age of 43. He is buried in the Bushey Cemetery, Hertfordshire.[12]

Rachman was denied British citizenship. As his hometown was transferred from Poland to the Soviet Union, he became stateless.[13]

References

Citations
  1. ^ Shirley Green Rachman, 1979, London: Michael Joseph, p. 7.
  2. ^ Green, Rachman, p. 9.
  3. ^ Green, Rachman, pp. 10–12.
  4. ^ Green, Rachman, pp. 12–19.
  5. ^ a b "Peter Rachman". Virtual Museum: Famous/infamous residents. Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  6. ^ British History Online – Paddington & Westbourne Green
  7. ^ Flickr photo-set illustrating aftermath of Rachmanism in Westbourne Park area of London
  8. ^ Green, Rachman, pp. 56–69.
  9. ^ Getting it Straight in Notting Hill Gate, Tom Vague, 2007
  10. ^ Notting Hill History Timeline,6: in the Ghetto, early 1950s
  11. ^ "Infamous residents: Peter Rachman". Virtual Museum. Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  12. ^ Green, Rachman, pp. 232–33.
  13. ^ Green (1979), Rachman.
Look up Rachmanism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Bibliography
  • Green, Shirley (1979). Rachman. London: Michael Joseph. ISBN 0718117395.
  • Williams, John (2008). Michael X: A Life in Black and White. London: Century. ISBN 1846050952.
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