Újlaki family: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[House of Ilok]] |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2011}} |
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{{no footnotes|date=May 2011}} |
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{{Infobox Family |
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| colour = powderblue |
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| name = ILOČKI <br> Croatian noble family |
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| crest = |
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| caption = Croatian noble family |
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| ethnicity = [[Croats|Croatian]] |
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| region = [[Vukovar-Srijem County]], Croatia |
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| early_forms = Orahovički |
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| origin = [[Hrvatska Dubica|Dubica]] (medieval ''[[Slavonia|Lower Slavonia]]''), <br> founder: Gug <br> founding: 13th century <br> dissolution: 1524 |
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| members = [[Nikola Kont Orahovički (Iločki)|Nikola Kont]] <br> [[Ladislav Iločki]] <br> [[Nikola Iločki]] <br> [[Lovro Iločki]] |
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| otherfamilies = [[Frankopan]] <br> [[Gorjanski]] <br> [[House of Kurjaković|Kurjaković]] |
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| distinctions = |
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| traditions = |
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| heirlooms = |
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| estate = [[Ilok]], [[Orahovica]], [[Ružica Castle|Ružica]], <br> [[Várpalota]] (in Hungary), <br> [[Hlohovec|Galgóc/Hlohovec]] (in Slovakia) |
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| meaning = „Those of Ilok“ |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
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The '''House of Ilok''' ({{lang-hr|Iločki}}; {{IPA-sh|ilotʃki|hr}}), in old sources ''de Illoch'', ''de Wylak'', ''de Voilack'' etc., ''[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: ''Újlaki'')'' was a [[Croats|Croatian]] [[nobility|noble family]], descended in the male line from Gug (in some sources ''Göge''), a member of the lower nobility in the region of ''[[Slavonia|Lower Slavonia]]'' during the 13th century. |
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The Iločki, meaning "those of [[Ilok]]", rose to be a powerful and influential family in the [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Croato-Hungarian Kingdom]] during the period in the [[Late Middle Ages]] history marked by dynastic struggles for the possession of the throne and the [[Ottoman wars in Europe]] that affected the country. Notable members of the family were [[Bans of Croatia|Bans (viceroys) of Croatia]], [[Voivode of Transylvania|Voivodes (dukes)Transylvania]], [[Palatine (Kingdom of Hungary)|Palatines of Hungary]], [[Župan|župans (counts)]], king's [[Chamberlain (office)|chamberlains]] and king's [[Stolnik|chief retainers]]. One of them, [[Nikola Iločki]] (''English: ''Nicholas of Ilok'')'', the most powerful and most famous member of the family, was nominal [[King of Bosnia]] from 1471 until 1477. |
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== Family history == |
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=== Sources of family origin === |
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The family was a scion of the noble clan known as Orahovički (''[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: ''Raholcai'')'', according to their estate [[Orahovica]] in medieval [[Bjelovar-Križevci County|Križevci County]]. Gug, the oldest known ancestor of the family, possessed estates in the area of [[Hrvatska Dubica|Dubica]] district in ''[[Slavonia|Lower Slavonia]]'', and that is why the historians believe that the family originated from there. Gug's successors later gained some other estates in Croatia ([[Zrin Castle|Zrin]], Bukovica, Viljevo and Jošava), as well as in Hungary ([[Várpalota|Palota]]) and Slovakia ([[Hlohovec|Galgóc/Hlohovec]]). In 1364 king [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis I]] gave them [[Ilok Castle]] together with its estate, and thus they became Iločki. |
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=== Rise of the family === |
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[[File:Ilok-Festung-Apr09.JPG|mini|thumb|right|250px|[[Ilok Castle]] was the seat of the family]] |
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Gug had three sons: Ivan /''John''/, Grgur /''Gregory''/ and Stjepan /''Stephen''/. Ivan was first mentioned in 1281 as royal commissioner who introduced and helped [[Petar Pakrački]] /''Petar of Pakrac''/, [[Ban of Slavonia]], to enter into possession of an estate at river [[Ilova River (Croatia)|Ilova]]. His sons Lovro /''Laurence''/, Ugrin, Egidije, Jakov /''James''/ and Ivan II took part in [[Charles I of Hungary|King Charles']] military formations during several wars. Lovro, called ''Slaven'' (English: ''The Slav'', [[Latin]]: ''Sclavus''), [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: ''Tót''), achieved to be the king's [[flag-bearer]] since 1312, [[castellan]] of [[Šintava]] Castle (1328), [[Župan|župan (count)]] of [[Nitra]] (1340), [[Varaždin]], [[Sopron]] and [[Vas]], and finally the royal [[Chamberlain (office)|chamberlain]] (1344). His nickname, ''The Slav'', confirms his Croatian origin. When he died in 1349, his three sons (Nikola I, Bartol /''Bartholomew''/ and Lenkus) managed to consolidate and improve the rising power of the family. |
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[[File:Ruzica.JPG|mini|thumb|right|250px|Ružica Castle, was and still is one of biggest fortifications in Slavonia]] |
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[[Nikola Kont Orahovički (Iločki)|Nikola I]], called ''Kont'', spent some time in Italy leading the army of king [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis I]] in his military campaigns and during his stay there earned this nickname (from Italian: ''conte'' = count). In the middle of 14th century Nikola-Kont became one of the leading magnates of the king and was given the new titles and properties. In the period between 1345 and 1351 he was royal [[cup-bearer]], then [[Voivode|Voivode (duke)]] of [[List of rulers of Transylvania|Transylvania]] (1351–1356) and finally [[Palatine (Kingdom of Hungary)|Palatine of Hungary]] (1356–1367). In the meantime he served as [[Župan|Župan (count)]] of several counties in Croatia and Hungary ([[Sopron]], [[Varaždin]], [[Vas]], [[Szolnok]], [[Sáros County|Sáros]] etc.). In 1363 he commanded the army of the king in his [[History of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]] campaign against [[Tvrtko I of Bosnia|Tvrtko Kotromanić]], [[Ban (title)|Ban of Bosnia]], and was defeated. Later, in 1365, he fougt the Bulgarians. |
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When the [[Ilok]] branch of the Hungarian noble family [[Csák (family)|Csák]] died out in 1364, king [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis I]] gave the Ilok fief to Nikola I and his nephew Ladislav /''Ladislaus''/, the son of Lenkus. So the Orahovički family transferred its seat to Ilok and soon after that they called themselves Iločki. Nikola's brothers Bartol (†1352) and Lenkus (†1359) served as royal [[cup-bearer]]s and [[Stolnik|chief retainers]]. When Nikola I died in 1367, he was succeeded by two of his sons, Nikola II (†1397) and Bartol II (†1393), who did not reach the power and glory of their father. Two sons of Bartol from the next generation of the family, Ladislav (†1418) and Mirko /Emerik/ (†1419) were [[Banate of Macsó|Bans of Macsó]]. Mirko's daughter Marta married [[Nikola Frankopan]] (†1432), the mighty [[Principality of Krk|Prince of Krk]], [[Senj]] and [[Modruš]], and bore him eleven children. |
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=== Peak of the power and extinction === |
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[[File:Epitaf Nikole Ilockog crkva sv Ivana Kapistrana Ilok 221208.jpg|mini|thumb|right|220px|Gravestone of [[Nikola Iločki]] (1410–1477) in the Church of St. [[John of Capistrano]] in [[Ilok]], Croatia]] |
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[[Ladislav Iločki]] (†1418) was succeeded by five of his sons: Ivan III, Stjepan III, [[Nikola Iločki|Nikola V]], Petar /''Peter''/ and Pavao /''Paul''/. The most significant and notable of them was [[Nikola Iločki|Nikola V]] (*1410; †1477), [[Bans of Croatia|Ban (viceroy) of Croatia]], [[Ban of Slavonia|Slavonia]], Macsó and [[Usora (region)|Usora]], [[Voivode|Voivode (duke)]] of [[List of rulers of Transylvania|Transylvania]] and nominal [[King of Bosnia]] (1471–1477), who managed to reach the peak of family's power, wealth and influence. His seat was in the town of [[Ilok]] and during his reign Ilok experienced its "golden age". |
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Having lived in turbulent times (dynastical struggles with frequent changes on the throne and continual Ottoman threat and expansion), Nikola V adjusted himself to the current circumstances, sometimes changing sides and alliances radically. After supporting king [[Albert II of Germany|Albert's]] widow Elizabeth of Luxembourg and her little son [[Ladislaus the Posthumous]] in 1439, Nikola V soon took the side of the new Croato-Hungarian king [[Vladislaus I of Hungary|Vladislaus I Jagiello]]. When the king lost his life in the [[battle of Varna]] in 1444, Nikola became a member of State council. On the election of [[Matthias Corvinus]] in 1458, Nikola V, like many other noblemen in the kingdom, did not recognize him as king at once, but later, as soon as they peacefully settled the dispute between them. |
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In his two marriages Nikola V had eight children, among which four sons, but only one of them, [[Lawrence of Ilok]], survived him and became his successor. Lovro III Iločki (*1459; †1524), [[Banate of Macsó|Ban of Macsó]], [[Herceg|Herceg (duke) of Bosnia]] and royal judge, retained most of the power and reputation of the family. After the death of king Matthias Corvinus in 1490, he supported his illegitimate son [[John Corvinus]] to be the king, but he did not succeed. Later he allied himself with [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I of Habsburg]], the Holy Roman Emperor, who fought the newly elected king [[Vladislas II of Hungary|Vladislaus II Jagiello]]. However, he reconciled himself to Vladislav II in 1496 and performed several high state duties after that. Lovro had no successors, and when he died in 1524, the Iločki family became extinct. |
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== Most notable members of the family == |
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* Lawrence I, called ''The Slav'' (''Tót''), (†1349), king's [[flag-bearer]], [[castellan]], [[ispán]] and royal [[Chamberlain (office)|chamberlain]] |
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* [[Nicholas Kont|Nicholas I]], called ''Kont'', (†1367), son of Lovro I, ispán, royal [[cup-bearer]], [[Voivode|Voivode (duke)]] of [[List of rulers of Transylvania|Transylvania]], [[Palatine (Kingdom of Hungary)|Palatine of Hungary]] |
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* [[Ladislaus of Ilok|Ladislaus]] (†1418), grandson of Nicholas I, [[Banate of Macsó|Ban of Macsó]] |
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* [[Nicholas of Ilok|Nicholas V]] (*1410; †1477), son of Ladislaus, [[Bans of Croatia|Ban (viceroy) of Croatia]], [[Ban of Slavonia|Slavonia]], [[Banate of Macsó|Macsó]] and [[Usora (region)|Usora]], [[Voivode|Voivode (duke)]] of [[List of rulers of Transylvania|Transylvania]] and nominal [[King of Bosnia]] |
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* [[Lawrence of Ilok|Lawrence III]] (*1459; †1524), son of Nicholas V, [[Banate of Macsó|Macsó]], [[Herceg|Herceg (duke) of Bosnia]] and [[Judge royal]] |
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==See also== |
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* [[List of rulers of Croatia]] |
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* [[List of rulers of Bosnia]] |
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* [[List of palatines of Hungary]] |
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* [[History of Croatia]] |
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* [[History of Bosnia]] |
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* [[History of Hungary]] |
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* [[Ilok]] |
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==External links== |
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* {{cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/hung/ujlaky.html |title= Iločki family list – Czech-Hungarian version of the names |publisher=Genealogy.EU}} |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=4SViWPzFj1AC&pg=PA135&lpg=PA135&dq=Nicholas++Kont+palatine&source=bl&ots=73t02V2hgb&sig=qfLjZdaFIPjidJHPWa-iE-uFDCA&hl=hr&ei=7LjiTf69C8Gq-AaB3oC4Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Nicholas%20%20Kont%20palatine&f=false Nikola Kont – palatine of Hungary from 1356 to 1367] |
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* [http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=12112 Nikola Iločki – lord of the town Ilok] |
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* [http://bib.irb.hr/prikazi-rad?&rad=313782 The tombstones of Nicholas and Lawrence of Ilok] |
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{{Croatian nobility}} |
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[[Category:Croatian noble families|Ilok]] |
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[[Category:Hungarian noble families|Ilok]] |
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[[Category:Kingdom of Croatia]] |
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[[Category:15th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |
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Revision as of 20:40, 3 January 2018
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