Stanisław Ostwind-Zuzga: Difference between revisions
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'''Stanisław Ostwind''' (code-names |
'''Stanisław Ostwind-Zuzga''' (code-names "Kropidło", "Bolesław", born 26 April 1899, died 4 February 1945 in [[Warsaw]]) – <ref>{{Cite book|title=HONOR MI NIE POZWALA|last=HOLEWIŃSKI|first=WACŁAW|publisher=ZYSK I S-KA|year=2015|isbn=978-83-7785-814-1|location=|pages=328|language=pl|trans-title=HONOR DOES NOT LET ME|quote=Stanisław Ostwind is an exceptional figure on the pages of Polish history. A Jew, a legionnaire, a policeman, a soldier ... of the National Armed Forces.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/7/173/Artykul/1544196,Stanislaw-Ostwind-Zyd-Patriota-Zolnierz-Niezlomny|title=Stanisław Ostwind. Żyd. Patriota. Żołnierz Niezłomny|work=PolskieRadio.pl|access-date=2018-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ipn.gov.pl/pl/dla-mediow/media-o-ipn/36517,PRZEGLAD-MEDIOW-21-wrzesnia-2016.print|title=Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Drukuj|last=Narodowej|first=Instytut Pamięci|website=ipn.gov.pl|access-date=2018-06-18}}</ref> [[Master Sergeant]] of [[Polish Army]], major of [[National Armed Forces]] (NSZ), local [[commandant]] of NSZ in [[Węgrów]], highest ranked officer of Jewish background in Polish anti-Nazi resistance during [[World War II]]. |
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Born to a Jewish family, Ostwind converted to the Catholic church in the interwar period.<ref name="Muszyński"/> He was the highest ranked officer of Jewish origin in the Polish non-communist underground during [[World War II]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ipn.gov.pl/pl/dla-mediow/media-o-ipn/36517,PRZEGLAD-MEDIOW-21-wrzesnia-2016.print|title=Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Drukuj|last=Narodowej|first=Instytut Pamięci|website=ipn.gov.pl|access-date=2018-06-18}}</ref> |
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== Life == |
== Life == |
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[[Category:1945 deaths]] |
[[Category:1945 deaths]] |
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[[Category:National Armed Forces members]] |
[[Category:National Armed Forces members]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Polish Jews]] |
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[[Category:People executed by the Polish People's Republic]] |
[[Category:People executed by the Polish People's Republic]] |
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[[Category:Cursed soldiers]] |
[[Category:Cursed soldiers]] |
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Revision as of 06:37, 19 June 2018
Stanisław Ostwind | |
|---|---|
| Nickname(s) | „Zuzga” „Kropidło”, „Bolesław” |
| Born | April 26, 1899 Warsaw, Poland. |
| Died | February 4, 1945 (aged 45) Warsaw, People's Republic of Poland |
| Allegiance |  Poland |
| Service/ | National Armed Forces |
| Years of service | 1915-1920 1942-1945 |
| Rank |  Major |
| Commands held | local commandant of NSZ in Węgrów |
Stanisław Ostwind-Zuzga (code-names "Kropidło", "Bolesław", born 26 April 1899, died 4 February 1945 in Warsaw) – [1][2][3] Master Sergeant of Polish Army, major of National Armed Forces (NSZ), local commandant of NSZ in Węgrów, highest ranked officer of Jewish background in Polish anti-Nazi resistance during World War II.
Life
He was born in Warsaw as Szmul Ostwind son of Wolf (Władysław) Ostwind and Rebeka (Regina) née Saudel. Between 1915 and 1917 he fought in the Polish Legions, in the Polish 1st Legions Infantry Regiment, led by Major Edward Śmigły-Rydz. He participated in the Battle of Kostiuchnówka, among others. After the Oath crisis, he was interned by Germans in Szczypiorno. In 1919 he graduated from military academy as a master sergeant, after which he was assigned to 36th Infantry Regiment, and participated in Polish–Soviet War of 1920.[4] In the interwar period he was baptised into the Catholic Church, and worked for the state police.[5]
After Germany invaded Poland in 1939, he lived under the false name "Zuzga". Since 1942 he was a member of the National Military Organization in Łuków County, later he transferred to the National Armed Forces (NSZ). He finished his training in the NSZ training facility "Dym" (Smoke) in Jata, after which he conducted operations in Siedlce area. In May 1944 he became a leader of the regional command of NSZ in Węgrów. He was the top-ranked Polish Jewish officer in Polish (noncommunist) resistance.[citation needed] On 1 June 1944 he was promoted to the rank of Major. One of his first actions as a leader was an attempt to negotiate joining forces with Home Army, an attempt which most likely failed. On 3 January 1945, he was arrested by the newly established (after the Soviet occupation of Poland), Communist secret police (Ministry of Public Security). He was later transferred to a prison in Otwock and tortured during questioning. After his Jewish origin was discovered, the Communists attempted to convince him to switch sides, an offer which he refused. He was executed on 4 February 1945.[4][6][7][8]
In 2018, by order of the President of the Republic of Poland Andrzej Duda, Ostwind was posthumously awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta for outstanding services to the independence of the Republic of Poland.[9]
References
- ^ HOLEWIŃSKI, WACŁAW (2015). HONOR MI NIE POZWALA [HONOR DOES NOT LET ME] (in Polish). ZYSK I S-KA. p. 328. ISBN 978-83-7785-814-1.
Stanisław Ostwind is an exceptional figure on the pages of Polish history. A Jew, a legionnaire, a policeman, a soldier ... of the National Armed Forces.
- ^ "Stanisław Ostwind. Żyd. Patriota. Żołnierz Niezłomny". PolskieRadio.pl. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
- ^ Narodowej, Instytut Pamięci. "Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Drukuj". ipn.gov.pl. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
- ^ a b Mariusz, Bechta. Między Bolszewią a Niemcami. Konspiracja polityczna i wojskowa Polskiego Obozu Narodowego na Podlasiu w latach 1939-1952. Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. p. 519. ISBN 978-83-73-99373-0.
- ^ Nacjonalizmy różnych narodów perspektywa politologiczno-religioznawcza, Księgarnia Akademicka, book chapter by Wojciech Muszyński, page 140 in the PDF, ISBN 978-83-7638-132-9, 2012, quote: "Pochodził z częściowo spolonizowanej rodziny żydowskiej z Warszawy, jako młody ochotnik wstąpił do I Brygady Legionów Polskich, uczestniczył jako podoficer w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej. W okresie międzywojennym przyjął chrzest i pracował jako przodownik w Policji Państwowej." ("He came partly a Polonised Jewish family from Warsaw, as a young volunteer joined the First Brigade Polish Legions, he participated as a non-commissioned officer in the Polish-Bolshevik war. In the period He was baptized in the interwar period and worked as a leader in the State Police.)
- ^ Charczuk, Wiesław. "Przeobrażenia personalne w Podlaskiej Komendzie NSZ w latach 1945-1947" (PDF). Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny (1/2004): 257. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
- ^ Tomaszkiewicz, Tadeusz (1993). Narodowe Siły Zbrojne. Pow. Węgrow 1942-1950. Warsaw. p. 116.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Muszyński, Wojciech. "Antysemityzm dotyczył Niemców, a nie Polaków". Retrieved 23 February 2016.
- ^ prezydent.pl. "Oficjalna strona Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej / Aktualności / Ordery i odznaczenia / Prezydent: Cierpienie Żołnierzy Niezłomnych nie poszło na marne". www.prezydent.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2018-06-16.