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A gender expression is a person's behavior, mannerisms, interests, and appearance that are associated with gender in a particular cultural context, specifically with the categories of femininity or masculinity. This also includes gender roles. These categories rely on stereotypes about gender.

Defining gender expression

Gender expression typically reflects a person's gender identity (their internal sense of their own gender), but this is not always the case.^[1]^[2] Gender expression is separate and independent both from sexual orientation and gender assigned at birth. A type of gender expression that is considered atypical for a person's externally perceived gender may be described as gender non-conforming.

In men and boys, typical or masculine gender expression is often described as manly, while atypical or feminine expression is known as effeminate. In girls and young women, atypically masculine expression is called tomboyish. In lesbian and queer women, masculine and feminine expressions are known as butch and femme respectively. A mixture of typical and atypical expression may be described as androgynous. A type of expression that is perceived as neither typically feminine or masculine can be described as gender-neutral or undifferentiated.

The term gender expression is used in the Yogyakarta Principles, which concern the application of international human rights law in relation to sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics.^[3]

Evaluating gender expression

The Bem Sex-Role Inventory was designed to evaluate gender expression objectively (within a White American cultural context).

References

^ Summers, Randal W. (2016). Social Psychology: How Other People Influence Our Thoughts and Actions [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 232. ISBN 9781610695923.
^ American Psychological Association (December 2015). "Guidelines for Psychological Practice With Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People" (PDF). American Psychologist. 70 (9): 861. doi:10.1037/a0039906.
^ Yogyakarta Principles plus 10

Bibliography

Serano, Julia (2016). Whipping Girl: A transsexual woman on sexism and the scapegoating of femininity (2nd ed.), Berkeley, CA: Seal Press.

External links

Separating Out Gender Identity from Gender Expression at Everyday Feminism

This article related to gender studies is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[Summers-1] Summers, Randal W. (2016). Social Psychology: How Other People Influence Our Thoughts and Actions [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 232. ISBN 9781610695923.

[APA2015-2] American Psychological Association (December 2015). "Guidelines for Psychological Practice With Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People" (PDF). American Psychologist. 70 (9): 861. doi:10.1037/a0039906.

[ypplus10-3] Yogyakarta Principles plus 10

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 {{short description|External manifestation of gender identity}}
 {{merge to|Gender role|discuss=Talk:Gender role#Proposed merge with Gender expression|date=December 2018}}
-A '''gender expression''' is a person's behavior, mannerisms, interests, and appearance that are associated with [[gender]] in a particular cultural context, specifically with the categories of [[femininity]] or [[masculinity]]. This also includes [[gender role]]s and the ways in which society uses those roles to impose conformity to current gender norms<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.genderspectrum.org/quick-links/understanding-gender/|title=Understanding Gender|website=Gender Spectrum|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-20}}</ref>. These categories rely on [[stereotype]]s about gender.
+A '''gender expression''' is a person's behavior, mannerisms, interests, and appearance that are associated with [[gender]] in a particular cultural context, specifically with the categories of [[femininity]] or [[masculinity]]. This also includes [[gender role]]s. These categories rely on [[stereotype]]s about gender.
 ==Defining gender expression==
-Gender expression can be defined as the way in which a person communicates gender to the world. Gender, gender expression and gender identity are not innate and are usually less stable and more fluid than sex.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/957642870|title=Gendered lives : communication, gender, & culture|last=author.|first=Wood, Julia T.,|isbn=9781305280274|oclc=957642870}}</ref> Gender expression typically reflects a person's [[gender identity]] (their internal sense of their own gender), but this is not always the case.<ref name="Summers">{{cite book|last1=Summers|first1=Randal W.|title=Social Psychology: How Other People Influence Our Thoughts and Actions [2 volumes]|date=2016|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781610695923|page=232|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5nF1DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA232|language=en}}</ref><ref name="APA2015">{{cite journal|author1=American Psychological Association|title=Guidelines for Psychological Practice With Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People|journal=American Psychologist|date=December 2015|volume=70|issue=9|page=861|url=http://www.apa.org/practice/guidelines/transgender.pdf|doi=10.1037/a0039906}}</ref> Gender expression is distinct from gender identity. A persons gender identity cannot always be assumed based on their gender expression. For example, a girl may choose to wear boys clothes but her choice of fashion does not change her gender identity. It just means she prefers to wear clothing that society has deemed typically for boys.<ref name=":0" /> Gender expression is separate and independent both from [[sexual orientation]] and [[Sex assignment|gender assigned at birth]]. A type of gender expression that is considered atypical for a person's externally perceived gender may be described as [[Gender variance|gender non-conforming]].
+Gender expression typically reflects a person's [[gender identity]] (their internal sense of their own gender), but this is not always the case.<ref name="Summers">{{cite book|last1=Summers|first1=Randal W.|title=Social Psychology: How Other People Influence Our Thoughts and Actions [2 volumes]|date=2016|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781610695923|page=232|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5nF1DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA232|language=en}}</ref><ref name="APA2015">{{cite journal|author1=American Psychological Association|title=Guidelines for Psychological Practice With Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People|journal=American Psychologist|date=December 2015|volume=70|issue=9|page=861|url=http://www.apa.org/practice/guidelines/transgender.pdf|doi=10.1037/a0039906}}</ref> Gender expression is separate and independent both from [[sexual orientation]] and [[Sex assignment|gender assigned at birth]]. A type of gender expression that is considered atypical for a person's externally perceived gender may be described as [[Gender variance|gender non-conforming]].
 In men and boys, typical or masculine gender expression is often described as ''manly'', while atypical or feminine expression is known as [[Effeminacy|effeminate]]. In girls and young women, atypically masculine expression is called [[tomboy]]ish. In lesbian and queer women, masculine and feminine expressions are known as [[butch and femme]] respectively. A mixture of typical and atypical expression may be described as [[Androgyny|androgynous]]. A type of expression that is perceived as neither typically feminine or masculine can be described as gender-neutral or undifferentiated.