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{{Infobox Poland|
{{Infobox Poland|
city_name=Olsztyn |
city_name=Olsztyn(Allenstein) |
motto=|
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voivodship=[[Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship|Warmian-Masurian]]|
voivodship=[[Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship|Warmian-Masurian]]|
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'''Olsztyn''' ({{IPAudio|Olsztyn.ogg|['ɔlʃtɨn]}}; {{Audio-de|Allenstein|Allenstein.ogg}}; [[Old Prussian language|Old Prussian]]: ''Alnāsteini'') is a city in northeast [[Poland]], on the [[Łyna]] river. Historically the capital of [[Warmia]], Olsztyn is the capital of the [[Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship]], previously [[Olsztyn Voivodeship]].
'''Olsztyn''' ({{IPAudio|Olsztyn.ogg|['ɔlʃtɨn]}}; {{Audio-de|'''Allenstein'''|Allenstein.ogg}}; [[Old Prussian language|Old Prussian]]: ''Alnāsteini'') is a city in northeast [[Poland]], on the [[Łyna]] river. Historically the capital of [[Warmia]], Olsztyn is the capital of the [[Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship]], previously [[Olsztyn Voivodeship]].


==Geography==
==Geography==

Revision as of 05:34, 24 December 2006

Template:Infobox Poland Olsztyn (Audio file "Olsztyn.ogg" not found; Template:Audio-de; Old Prussian: Alnāsteini) is a city in northeast Poland, on the Łyna river. Historically the capital of Warmia, Olsztyn is the capital of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, previously Olsztyn Voivodeship.

Geography

The town is beautifully situated in a lake region of forests and plains, barely touched by humans. There are 13 lakes inside the administrative bounds of the town and many more surrounding it: (Krzywe, Długie, Żbik, Redykajny and others).

Olsztyn greenery

More than a half of the forests occupying 21.2% of the city area forms a single complex of the Municipal Forest (1050 ha) used mainly for recreation and tourist purposes. Within the Municipal Forest area, two sanctuaries of the peat-land flora: Mszar and Redykajny, are situated. Municipal greenery (560 ha, 6,5 % of the city area) developed in the form of numerous parks green spots and also three over 100 years old cemeteries includes 910 monuments of the nature and groups of protected trees in the form of beech, oak, maple and lime lined avenues.

Demographics

The Upper gate (High Gate) in Old town
File:Olsztyn poland europe.JPG
Fish Market
Year Population
1772 1,770
1846 4,000
1875 6,000
1885 11, 555
1890 19,373
1895 25,000
1939 50,000
1941 54,300
1946 23,000
1950 45,000
1972 over 100,000
1994 165,000
2000 170,000
2005 (December 31) 174,950

History

File:Zeppelinstrasse - 19.06.1915.jpg
Allenstein (Olsztyn) in 1915, view of the Zeppelinstraße.
  • 1414 captured temporarily by Poland
  • 1440 Allenstein joined Prussian Confederation
  • 1454 Uprising against Teutonic Order, Prussian Confederation asks Polish Crown for protection
  • 1455 captured by Teutonic Knights
  • 1463 captured by Polish army and annexed to Poland in 1464
  • 1466 2nd Peace of Toruń confirms that Allenstein is capital city of the province of Warmia
  • 1516-1521 Nicolaus Copernicus lived at the Allenstein castle as administrator of Allenstein and Mehlsack, and in charge of defence of the city and Prince-Bishopric Ermeland against the Teutonic Order.
  • 1655 captured by Swedish army
  • 1708 burned down by Swedes
  • 1710 city population nearly wiped out in an epidemic (bubonic plague, cholera)
  • 1772 annexed to Kingdom of Prussia during Partitions of Poland
  • 1772 Prussian census counts population of 1770 people, predominantly farmers
  • 1807 visit of Napoleon
  • 1867 city hospital founded
  • 1871 German Empire
  • 1873 railway connection to Thorn
  • 1886 First Polish language newspaper "Gazeta Olsztyńska" founded
  • 1890 city gas infrastructure founded
  • 1892 first telephone line
  • 1898 water system
  • 1907 electricity
  • 1914 Russian army captures the city after start of World War I
  • 1920 Plebiscite, Allenstein remains in Germany in the exclave of East Prussia
  • 1921 Polish activists emigrate to Poland
  • 1933 Nazis in power – discrimination of Poles and Jews
  • 1935 The Wehrmacht made Allenstein the Allenstein Militärische Bereich Hauptsitze. It was the home of the 11th Infanterie Division; the 11th Artillery Regiment and the 217th Infanterie Division which was organized in 1939 at Allenstein, of East Prussians of the Landwehr age group
  • 1939 (October 12) German Wehrmacht established an Area Headquarters of Wehrkreis I that controlled the subareas of Allenstein, Lötzen (Giżycko) and Ciechanów
  • 1939 deportation of some pro-Slavic activists of the Polish-speaking minority to concentration camps (see Union of Poles in Germany)
  • 1945 (January 22) Allenstein plundered [1] and burned down by Red Army, Expulsion of Germans
  • 1945 (August 2) to Poland, officially renamed to Olsztyn, expulsions of Allenstein's Germans and Masurians continued
  • 1967 tyre manufacturing plant founded
  • 1980-1981 Solidarity uprising
  • 1989 First democratic elections

Tourist attractions

Cathedral of St. James
Town hall

Monuments of architecture

  • The Old Town
  • The gothic castle of Warmian Chapter built during the 14th century
  • Cathedral of St. James
  • Old City Hall on the Market Square - built in mid-14th c.
  • House „Gazeta Olsztyńska” on Fish Market
  • The city walls and The Upper gate (since mid 19th c. known as the High Gate)
  • Semi-Gothic church of the Holly Heart of Jesus - built during the years 1901–1903
  • The New City Hall
  • The Railway Bridge over the Łyna river gorge near Artyleryjska and Wyzwolenia streets - built during the years 1872–1873
  • The Jerusalem Chapel - built in 1565.
  • Church of St. Lawrence - built during the late 14th c.

Other attractions

  • The Planetarium
  • The Astronomical Observatory - located on St. Andrew's Hill (143m), in a former water tower built in 1897
  • Olsztyn Stefan Jaracz Theater
  • Municipal Forest
  • Lakes (beaches, bathing facilities, sailing boats, motorboats, kayaks etc)

Culture

Theaters

  • Theatre of Stefan Jaracz (est. 1925)
  • Puppet Theater

Museums

The biggest Olsztyn's museum is Museum of Warmia and Mazury. In Olsztyn there are also The "Gazeta Olsztyńska" House, Museum of the Nature and Museum of the Sport.

Economy

The Tyre company Stomil is a subsidiary of Michelin. There are also other industry, food processing plants and furniture manufacturers.

Buildings

Education

University of Warmia and Mazury

Sports

Notable persons

Olsztyn belongs to the Federation of Copernicus Towns associating towns where Copernicus lived and worked such as Bologna, Frombork, Kraków and Toruń. The headquarters of the Federation is situated in Olsztyn Planetarium and Astronomical Observatory

Politics

Olsztyn constituency

Members of (Sejm) elected from Olsztyn constituency in 2005

  • Mieczysław Aszkiełowicz, Samoobrona, (Self-Defence)
  • Beata Bublewicz, PO (Platforma Obywatelska, Civic Platform)
  • Jerzy Gosiewski, PiS (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, Law And Justice)
  • Tadeusz Iwiński, SLD (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, The Alliance Of The Democratic Left)
  • Edward Ośko, LPR (Liga Polskich Rodzin, The League Of Polish Families)
  • Adam Puza, PiS (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, Law And Justice)
  • Sławomir Rybicki, PO (Platforma Obywatelska, Civic Platform)
  • Lidia Staroń, PO (Platforma Obywatelska, Civic Platform)
  • Aleksander Marek Szczygło, PiS (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, Law And Justice)
  • Zbigniew Włodkowski, PSL (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, Polish Peasant Party)

Members of the Senate (Senat) elected from Olsztyn constituency in 2005

  • Ryszard Józef Górecki, PO (Platforma Obywatelska, Civic Platform)
  • Jerzy Szmit, PiS (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, Law And Justice)

Postage stamps

5-Pfennig stamp

In 1920 a plebiscite was held to determine whether the people wished to become part of East Prussia or Poland. In order to advertise the plebiscite, special postage stamps were produced by overprinting German stamps and sold from 3 April. One kind of overprint read PLÉBISCITE / OLSZTYN / ALLENSTEIN, while the other read TRAITÉ / DE / VERSAILLES / ART. 94 et 95 inside an oval whose border gave the full name of the plebiscite commission. Each overprint was applied to 14 denominations ranging from 5 Pf to 3 M.

The plebiscite was held on 11 July, and produced 362,209 votes (97.8 percent) for Germany and 7,980 votes (2.2 percent) for Poland. The stamps became invalid 20 August. Despite the short period of use, almost all the types of these stamps are cheaply available both used and unused. The relatively large portion of southern East Prussia contained in the plebiscite area thus remained part of Germany until after World War II, when it was put under Polish administration by the victors and the German inhabitants were largely expelled.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Olsztyn.

Template:Poland

53°47′N 20°29′E / 53.783°N 20.483°E / 53.783; 20.483Template:Link FA

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