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'''Adrian R. Lewis''' is an United States Army veteran, American historian and the David B. Pittaway Professor and Quincy Institute Fellow at the [[University of Kansas]], where he has been a history professor since 2008. .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adrian R. Lewis, Author at Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft|url=https://quincyinst.org/author/alewis/|access-date=2020-06-15|website=Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft|language=en}}</ref>He is also a retired United States Army Officer, who served in the Ninth Infantry Division and the Second Ranger Battalion at Fort Lewis, Washington.[2][3][4][5] . His areas of expertise include national security, 20th-century warfare, military affairs, Korean War, Vietnam War, World War II, D-Day - Normandy Invasion at Omaha Beach and military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Conscription, the Republic and America's Future|url=https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/military-review/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20091231_art005.pdf|last=Lewis|first=Adrian R.|date=November–December 2009|website=Military Review|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Omaha Beach: A Flawed Victory by Adrian R. Lewis, 2001|url=https://www.questia.com/library/117959800/omaha-beach-a-flawed-victory|via=Questia|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-05-07|title=Adrian Lewis|url=https://history.ku.edu/adrian-lewis|access-date=2020-06-07|website=Department of History|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lewis, Adrian R. |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/lewis-adrian-r|access-date=2020-06-15|website=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref>
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{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Dr.
| name = Adrian R. Lewis
| honorific_suffix = Ph.D
| image = <!-- Dr._Adrian_Richard_Lewis.jpg -->
| alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by the blind and visually impaired's speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption =
| other_names =
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date = <!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people - supply only the year unless the exact date is already widely published, as per WP:DOB. For people that have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. -->
| birth_place =
| death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| death_place =
| nationality = American
| alma mater = [[University of California, Berkeley]] (BA), [[University of Michigan at Ann Arbor]], (MA) [[University of Chicago]] (PhD)
| occupation = Army Veteran, Historian and Professor
| years_active = 1977-present
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}


==Education==
'''Adrian R. Lewis''' is an United States Army veteran, American historian and professor. His areas of expertise include national security, 20th-century warfare, military affairs, [[Korean War]], [[Vietnam War]], [[World War II]], [[D-Day]] - [[Normandy Invasion]] at [[Omaha Beach]] and military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. He is a David B. Pittaway Professor and Quincy Institute Fellow.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adrian R. Lewis, Author at Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft|url=https://quincyinst.org/author/alewis/|access-date=2020-06-15|website=Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft|language=en}}</ref> He has been a history professor at [[University of Kansas]] since 2008. He is also a retired United States Army Officer, who served in the [[9th Infantry Division (United States)|Ninth Infantry Division]] and the [[2nd Ranger Battalion|Second Ranger Battalion]] at [[Fort Lewis]], Washington.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Conscription, the Republic and America's Future|url=https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/military-review/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20091231_art005.pdf|last=Lewis|first=Adrian R.|date=November–December 2009|website=Military Review|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Omaha Beach: A Flawed Victory by Adrian R. Lewis, 2001|url=https://www.questia.com/library/117959800/omaha-beach-a-flawed-victory|via=Questia|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-05-07|title=Adrian Lewis|url=https://history.ku.edu/adrian-lewis|access-date=2020-06-07|website=Department of History|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lewis, Adrian R. |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/lewis-adrian-r|access-date=2020-06-15|website=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref>
Lewis earned a Bachelors of Science degree in Political Science from the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. .<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lewis|first=Adrian R.|date=1998-10-01|title=The Failure of Allied Planning and Doctrine for Operation Overlord: The Case of Minefield and Obstacle Clearance|url=https://search.proquest.com/resultsol/486E52D8F25842FFPQ/1?accountid=201395|journal=The Journal of Military History|location=Lexington, VA|volume=62|issue=4|page=787|url-access=registration|via=ProQuest}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lewis|first=Adrian R.|date=2009-06-06|title=On D-Day's 65th Anniversary, Americans' Reluctance to Serve Is Shameful|url=https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2009/06/06/on-d-days-65th-anniversary-americans-reluctance-to-serve-is-shameful|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=US News & World Report}}</ref> He earned his Masters of Arts from the [[University of Michigan]] at Ann Arbor in European and Military history. He also earned his Masters of Business Administration from [[Southern Illinois University Edwardsville]]. [[Southern Illinois University Edwardsville|Edwardsville]]. Lewis earned his Ph.D. at the [[University of Chicago]] in 1995 under historian [[Michael Geyer]]. His' dissertation became his first book, ''Omaha Beach: A Flawed Victory'' (2001, [[University of North Carolina Press]]). The book analyzes the Normandy Invasion and the battle for Omaha Beach.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-04|title=Military historian available to discuss D-Day anniversary|url=https://today.ku.edu/2019/06/04/military-historian-available-discuss-d-day-anniversary|access-date=2020-06-07|website=The University of Kansas|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Copp|first=Terry|date=2004|title=Review of Omaha Beach: A Flawed Victory|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/26062007|journal=War in History|volume=11|issue=4|pages=479–481|issn=0968-3445}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Reception and Keynote Address: Dr. Adrian Lewis, "Omaha Beach: A Flawed Victory"|url=https://www.eisenhowerfoundation.net/Calendar.aspx?EID=307|access-date=2020-06-15|website=Eisenhower Foundation, KS|language=en}}</ref> His second book, ''The American Culture of War'', was published by Routledge,in 2007. (2nd ed, 2012, third, 2018.)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Lewis|first=Adrian R.|date=November–December 2009|title=Conscription, the Republic and America's Future|url=https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/military-review/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20091231_art005.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Military Review}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tovy|first=Tal|date=2012-10-01|title=Review of Lewis, Adrian R., ''The American Culture of War: A History of U.S. Military Force from World War II to Operation Iraqi Freedom''|url=https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=36071|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2012-10-01|publisher=[[H-Net]]}}</ref>

== Education ==
Lewis earned his Ph.D. at the [[University of Chicago]] in 1995 under historian [[Michael Geyer]]. Lewis' dissertation became his first book, ''Omaha Beach: A Flawed Victory'', published in 2001 by [[University of North Carolina Press]]. ''Omaha Beach'' analyzes the Normandy Invasion and the battle for Omaha Beach.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-04|title=Military historian available to discuss D-Day anniversary|url=https://today.ku.edu/2019/06/04/military-historian-available-discuss-d-day-anniversary|access-date=2020-06-07|website=The University of Kansas|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Copp|first=Terry|date=2004|title=Review of Omaha Beach: A Flawed Victory|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/26062007|journal=War in History|volume=11|issue=4|pages=479–481|issn=0968-3445}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Reception and Keynote Address: Dr. Adrian Lewis, "Omaha Beach: A Flawed Victory"|url=https://www.eisenhowerfoundation.net/Calendar.aspx?EID=307|access-date=2020-06-15|website=Eisenhower Foundation, KS|language=en}}</ref> He earned his Masters of Arts from the [[University of Michigan]] at Ann Arbor in European and Military history. Also, Lewis earned his Masters of Business Administration from [[Southern Illinois University Edwardsville]]. He earned a Bachelors of Science degree in Political Science from the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. Lewis has researched and written extensively on war, national security, and military affairs.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1998-10-01|journal=The Journal of Military History|location=Lexington, VA|volume=62|issue=4|page=787|title=The Failure of Allied Planning and Doctrine for Operation Overlord: The Case of Minefield and Obstacle Clearance|first=Adrian R.|last=Lewis|url=https://search.proquest.com/resultsol/486E52D8F25842FFPQ/1?accountid=201395|via=ProQuest|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lewis|first=Adrian R.|date=2009-06-06|title=On D-Day's 65th Anniversary, Americans' Reluctance to Serve Is Shameful|url=https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2009/06/06/on-d-days-65th-anniversary-americans-reluctance-to-serve-is-shameful|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=US News & World Report}}</ref> The second edition of his book, ''The American Culture of War'', was published in 2012, the third in 2018.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tovy|first=Tal|date=2012-10-01|title=Review of Lewis, Adrian R., ''The American Culture of War: A History of U.S. Military Force from World War II to Operation Iraqi Freedom''|url=https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=36071|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2012-10-01|publisher=[[H-Net]]}}</ref>


== Career ==
== Career ==
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* University of Kansas, Professorship, David B. Pittaway, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|title=$500K gift establishes KU professorship for military history|url=https://www2.ljworld.com/news/ku/2019/apr/05/500k-gift-establishes-ku-professorship-for-military-history/|website=LJWorld.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref>
* University of Kansas, Professorship, David B. Pittaway, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|title=$500K gift establishes KU professorship for military history|url=https://www2.ljworld.com/news/ku/2019/apr/05/500k-gift-establishes-ku-professorship-for-military-history/|website=LJWorld.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref>
* University of Kansas, KU Leading Light Award, 2011
* University of North Texas, Honors Professor, College of Arts and Sciences, 2000-2001
* University of North Texas, Honors Professor, College of Arts and Sciences, 2000-2001
* University of North Texas, Professing Women Award, 1997-1998


== Publications ==
== Publications ==


* ''The American Culture of War: A History of American Military Force from World War II to the Global War on Terrorism''. 3<sup>rd</sup> Edition. New York: Routledge, 2018.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=Adrian R.|title=The American culture of war : the history of U.S. military force from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom|date=2018|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-84506-4|edition=3rd|location=New York|oclc=1003517708}}</ref>
* ''The American Culture of War: A History of American Military Force from World War II to the Global War on Terrorism''. 3<sup>rd</sup> Edition. New York: Routledge, 2018.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=Adrian R.|title=The American culture of war : the history of U.S. military force from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom|date=2018|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-84506-4|edition=3rd|location=New York|oclc=1003517708}}</ref>
* ''The American Culture of War: A History of American Military Force from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom'', 2<sup>nd</sup> Edition. New York: Routledge, 2012.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=Adrian R.|title=The American culture of war : the history of U.S. military force from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom|date=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-89020-5|edition=2nd|location=New York|oclc=754518643}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=Adrian R.|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781136454325|title=The American Culture of War: A History of US Military Force from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom|date=2014-10-24|publisher=Routledge|year=|isbn=978-0-203-12615-8|edition=|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref>
* ''The American Culture of War: A History of American Military Force from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom'', 2<sup>nd</sup> Edition. New York: Routledge, 2012.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=Adrian R.|title=The American culture of war : the history of U.S. military force from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom|date=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-89020-5|edition=2nd|location=New York|oclc=754518643}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=Adrian R.|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781136454325|title=The American Culture of War: A History of US Military Force from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom|date=2014-10-24|publisher=Routledge|year=|isbn=978-0-203-12615-8|edition=|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref>
* ''The American Culture of War: A History of American Military Force from World War II to Operation Iraqi Freedom.'' New York: Routledge, 2007.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=Adrian R.|title=The American culture of war : the history of U.S. military force from World War II to Operation Iraqi Freedom|date=2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-97976-5|location=New York|oclc=70131086}}</ref><ref name="Time Line">{{Cite book|last=Schonfeld|first=Roger C.|title=A JSTOR Time Line|date=2012-12-31|doi=10.1515/9781400843114.xxvii|work=JSTOR|pages=XXVII–XXXVI|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-4311-4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The American culture of war: the history of U.S. military force from World War II to Operation Iraqi Freedom |publisher=Pritzker Military Museum & Library |location=Chicago|url=https://www.pritzkermilitary.org/explore/library/online-catalog/view/oclc/70131086|access-date=2020-06-15}}</ref>
* ''The American Culture of War: A History of American Military Force from World War II to Operation Iraqi Freedom.'' New York: Routledge, 2007.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=Adrian R.|title=The American culture of war : the history of U.S. military force from World War II to Operation Iraqi Freedom|date=2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-97976-5|location=New York|oclc=70131086}}</ref><ref name="Time Line">{{Cite book|last=Schonfeld|first=Roger C.|title=A JSTOR Time Line|date=2012-12-31|doi=10.1515/9781400843114.xxvii|work=JSTOR|pages=XXVII–XXXVI|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-4311-4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The American culture of war: the history of U.S. military force from World War II to Operation Iraqi Freedom |publisher=Pritzker Military Museum & Library |location=Chicago|url=https://www.pritzkermilitary.org/explore/library/online-catalog/view/oclc/70131086|access-date=2020-06-15}}</ref>
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== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links ==
*[https://www.pritzkermilitary.org/explore/library/online-catalog/view/oclc/70131086 Pritzker Military Museum & Library]
*[https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=36071 The American Culture of War-2nd Edition]
*[http://www.michiganwarstudiesreview.com/2007/downloads/20070401.pdf Michigan War Studies Review]
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/26062007 Journal Storage (JSTOR)]
*[https://www.britannica.com/contributor/Adrian-R-Lewis/5909 Encyclopedia Britannica - Contributor]
*[https://www.usnews.com/topics/author/adrian_r_lewis US News and World Report]
*[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Vietnam-War-POWs-and-MIAs-2051428 Encyclopedia Britannica - Contributor Vietnam War]
*[https://taskandpurpose.com/thelongmarch/ivory-tower-academic-bias-military Task & Purpose USMC Magazine]
*[http://www.hsdl.org Military Review]
*[http://www.exercisetigermemorial.co.uk/books-exercise-tiger Exercise Tiger Memorial]
*[https://gmp.ku.edu/adrian-r-lewis Command General Staff College - Fort Leavenworth - Graduate Program Lead]
*[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Vietnam-War-POWs-and-MIAs-2051428 Encyclopedia Britannica - Vietnam War]
*[https://smallwarsjournal.com/index.php/jrnl/art/casualty-aversion-challenge-medical-planning-lsco Small Wars Journal]
*[https://search.proquest.com/resultsol/486E52D8F25842FFPQ/1 Article on ProQuest]


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[[:Category:American military historians]]
[[Category:American military historians]]
[[:Category:United States Army officers]]
[[Category:United States Army officers]]

[[:Category:Southern Illinois University Edwardsville alumni]]
[[:Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[:Category:University of Chicago alumni]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]

[[:Category:University of Michigan alumni]]
[[:Category:University of Kansas faculty]]
[[Category:University of Kansas faculty]]

[[:Category:University of North Texas faculty]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:American military historians]]
[[Category:United States Army officers]]
[[Category:Southern Illinois University Edwardsville alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]
[[Category:University of Michigan alumni]]
[[Category:University of Kansas faculty]]
[[Category:University of North Texas faculty]]

Revision as of 02:44, 10 August 2020

Adrian R. Lewis is an United States Army veteran, American historian and the David B. Pittaway Professor and Quincy Institute Fellow at the University of Kansas, where he has been a history professor since 2008. .[1]He is also a retired United States Army Officer, who served in the Ninth Infantry Division and the Second Ranger Battalion at Fort Lewis, Washington.[2][3][4][5] . His areas of expertise include national security, 20th-century warfare, military affairs, Korean War, Vietnam War, World War II, D-Day - Normandy Invasion at Omaha Beach and military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. [2][3][4][5]

Education

Lewis earned a Bachelors of Science degree in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley. .[6][7] He earned his Masters of Arts from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in European and Military history. He also earned his Masters of Business Administration from Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. Edwardsville. Lewis earned his Ph.D. at the University of Chicago in 1995 under historian Michael Geyer. His' dissertation became his first book, Omaha Beach: A Flawed Victory (2001, University of North Carolina Press). The book analyzes the Normandy Invasion and the battle for Omaha Beach.[8][9][10] His second book, The American Culture of War, was published by Routledge,in 2007. (2nd ed, 2012, third, 2018.)[11][12]

Career

Lewis has taught at the United States Military Academy, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of North Texas, Denton, where he chaired the Department of History. He has also taught the Strategy and Policy course for the Naval War College.[13] At the University of Kansas, Lewis served as the first Director of the Office of Professional Military Graduate Education, an office he helped create. This office worked extensively with the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, creating new advanced degree programs. This included the creation of the Wounded Warriors Program at the University of Kansas. Lewis specializes in 20th-century warfare: World War II, the Korean and Vietnam Wars, and the more recent military operations, including Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom.[14][15]

Honors

  • University of Kansas, Professorship, David B. Pittaway, 2019[16]
  • University of North Texas, Honors Professor, College of Arts and Sciences, 2000-2001

Publications

  • The American Culture of War: A History of American Military Force from World War II to the Global War on Terrorism. 3rd Edition. New York: Routledge, 2018.[17]
  • The American Culture of War: A History of American Military Force from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom, 2nd Edition. New York: Routledge, 2012.[18][19]
  • The American Culture of War: A History of American Military Force from World War II to Operation Iraqi Freedom. New York: Routledge, 2007.[20][21][22]
  • Omaha Beach: A Flawed Victory. Chapel Hill, N.C.: The University of North Carolina Press, 2001.[23][21]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Adrian R. Lewis, Author at Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft". Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
  2. ^ Lewis, Adrian R. (November–December 2009). "Conscription, the Republic and America's Future" (PDF). Military Review.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ "Omaha Beach: A Flawed Victory by Adrian R. Lewis, 2001". Retrieved 2020-05-28 – via Questia.
  4. ^ "Adrian Lewis". Department of History. 2013-05-07. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
  5. ^ "Lewis, Adrian R." Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
  6. ^ Lewis, Adrian R. (1998-10-01). "The Failure of Allied Planning and Doctrine for Operation Overlord: The Case of Minefield and Obstacle Clearance". The Journal of Military History. 62 (4). Lexington, VA: 787 – via ProQuest.
  7. ^ Lewis, Adrian R. (2009-06-06). "On D-Day's 65th Anniversary, Americans' Reluctance to Serve Is Shameful". US News & World Report.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ "Military historian available to discuss D-Day anniversary". The University of Kansas. 2019-06-04. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
  9. ^ Copp, Terry (2004). "Review of Omaha Beach: A Flawed Victory". War in History. 11 (4): 479–481. ISSN 0968-3445.
  10. ^ "Reception and Keynote Address: Dr. Adrian Lewis, "Omaha Beach: A Flawed Victory"". Eisenhower Foundation, KS. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
  11. ^ Lewis, Adrian R. (November–December 2009). "Conscription, the Republic and America's Future" (PDF). Military Review.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ Tovy, Tal (2012-10-01). "Review of Lewis, Adrian R., The American Culture of War: A History of U.S. Military Force from World War II to Operation Iraqi Freedom". H-Net. Retrieved 2012-10-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ "Adrian R. Lewis". U.S. Naval Institute. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
  14. ^ "First class of students from Wounded Warrior program to graduate May 16" (Press release). University of Kansas. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
  15. ^ Lewis, Adrian R. (October 2001). "Clash of Arms: How the Allies Won in Normandy by Russell A. Hart". The Journal of Military History. 65 (4): 1150–1151. Retrieved 2020-06-15 – via JSTOR.
  16. ^ "$500K gift establishes KU professorship for military history". LJWorld.com. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  17. ^ Lewis, Adrian R. (2018). The American culture of war : the history of U.S. military force from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-84506-4. OCLC 1003517708.
  18. ^ Lewis, Adrian R. (2012). The American culture of war : the history of U.S. military force from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-89020-5. OCLC 754518643.
  19. ^ Lewis, Adrian R. (2014-10-24). The American Culture of War: A History of US Military Force from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-12615-8.
  20. ^ Lewis, Adrian R. (2007). The American culture of war : the history of U.S. military force from World War II to Operation Iraqi Freedom. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-97976-5. OCLC 70131086.
  21. ^ a b Schonfeld, Roger C. (2012-12-31). A JSTOR Time Line. Princeton University Press. pp. XXVII–XXXVI. doi:10.1515/9781400843114.xxvii. ISBN 978-1-4008-4311-4. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  22. ^ "The American culture of war: the history of U.S. military force from World War II to Operation Iraqi Freedom". Chicago: Pritzker Military Museum & Library. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
  23. ^ Lewis, Adrian R. Omaha Beach : a flawed victory. Chapel Hill. ISBN 0-8078-5469-7. OCLC 51234628.