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[[File:Flag of East Timor.svg|thumb|right|Flag of [[East Timor]]]] |
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[[File:ASEAN and East Timor.svg|thumb|right|ASEAN ({{blue|blue}}) and East Timor ({{red|red}})]] |
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The '''accession of East Timor to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations''' is a process that started following the [[East Timor#Independence|independence of the country]] in 2002 when its leaders stated that it had made a "strategic decision" to become a [[Member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations|member state]] of [[ASEAN]] in the future.<ref name=AFP>[http://www.aseansec.org/afp/154.htm East Timor Needs Five Years to Join ASEAN: PM ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609190633/http://www.aseansec.org/afp/154.htm |date=9 June 2007 }}, ''[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]'', 27 July 2006, accessed on 22 December 2008</ref> Closer ties with ASEAN are supported by all political parties in East Timor.<ref>[http://www.jornaldigital.com/images/TimorLeste.pdf Political Parties and Groupings of Timor-Leste] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221065716/http://www.jornaldigital.com/images/TimorLeste.pdf |date=21 December 2008 }}, ''[[Australian Labor Party]]'s'' International Projects unit, 1 May 2007, accessed on 26 December 2008</ref> East Timor would have by far the smallest GDP in the ASEAN, less than 15% of the smallest current ASEAN member state [[Laos]].<ref name=mmt/> |
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== History == |
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In 2002, [[East Timor]] was recognised as an observer of ASEAN and joined the [[ASEAN Regional Forum]] in 2005.<ref name=AFP/> In January 2007 the country acceded to the [[Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia]], pledging to renounce the use of force and binding East Timor to non-interference in the internal affairs of ASEAN member states.<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/01/13/asia/AS-GEN-ASEAN-Friendship-Treaty.php France, East Timor sign nonaggression pact with ASEAN], ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'', 12 January 2007, accessed on 22 December 2008</ref> |
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In 2005, East Timor said it wanted to be a member by 2010.<ref>[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-12/02/content_3869104.htm Timor-Leste wishes to join ASEAN in 5 years], ''[[Xinhua]]'', 2 December 2005, accessed on 26 December 2008</ref> In December 2007 President [[José Ramos-Horta]] restated that joining was a top priority, and he hoped to join by 2012.<ref>[http://www.acp-eucourier.info/Timor-s-key-concern-prep.162.0.html Timor's key concern: preparing for ASEAN membership] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121122002/http://www.acp-eucourier.info/Timor-s-key-concern-prep.162.0.html |date=21 November 2008 }}, ''ACP-EU Courier'', 1 December 2007, accessed on 26 December 2008</ref> In January 2009, the [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] of [[Thailand]] said that his country would support East Timor's membership of ASEAN by 2012.<ref>[http://easttimorlegal.blogspot.com/2009/01/thailand-to-support-east-timors.html Thailand to support East Timor's membership of Asean], ''East Timor Law and Justice Bulletin'', 13 January 2009, accessed on 27 November 2009</ref> |
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East Timor officially applied for membership in ASEAN on 4 March 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12644608|title=East Timor applies to join Asean|last=McGeown|first=Kate|work=BBC News|date=4 March 2011|accessdate=24 February 2017}}</ref> After [[East Timorese parliamentary election, 2012|elections in 2012]], the new government reaffirmed their commitment to joining the association.<ref name="steadfast">{{cite web|url=http://www.asean.org/news/asean-secretariat-news/item/timor-leste-remains-steadfast-to-asean-aspiration |title=Timor Leste remains steadfast to ASEAN aspiration |date=7 December 2012 |accessdate=26 January 2013 |publisher=[[Secretary-General of ASEAN]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212081358/http://www.asean.org/news/asean-secretariat-news/item/timor-leste-remains-steadfast-to-asean-aspiration |archivedate=12 December 2012 }}</ref> While [[Indonesia]], which East Timor gained their independence from in 2002, has pushed for them to be granted ASEAN membership, other countries, such as [[Singapore]] and Laos, have objected on the grounds that East Timor is not yet developed enough to join.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/content/indonesias-democratic-development-economic-interests-drive-support-for-timor-bid-in-asean-118905234/137266.html|title=Indonesia Supports East Timor's Bid to Join ASEAN|last=Padden|first=Brian|date=29 March 2011|accessdate=20 February 2013|publisher=[[Voice of America]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iidnet.org/philippine-civil-society-to-support-timor-leste-bid-for-asean-membership/|title=Philippine Civil Society To Support Timor-Leste Bid for ASEAN Membership|date=7 June 2013|accessdate=20 December 2013}}</ref> However, after the ASEAN summit in April 2013, Secretary General of ASEAN [[Le Luong Minh]] stated that all member states now supported Timor-Leste's admission to the Association.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://khabarsoutheastasia.com/en_GB/articles/apwi/articles/features/2013/05/16/feature-03|title=Timor-Leste poised to win ASEAN membership|last=Tisnadibrata|first=Ismira Lutfia|date=16 May 2013|accessdate=7 July 2013}}</ref> Minh also stated that "Timor Leste is not yet ready to join ASEAN. So we are pushing them to qualify the obligations."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2013-04/29/c_132349461.htm|title= |
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Timor Leste faces uphill to join ASEAN|date=29 April 2013|accessdate=7 July 2013|publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]]}}</ref> [[President of the Philippines|President]] of the [[Philippines]] [[Benigno Aquino III]] pledged his country's support to East Timor's ASEAN membership in June 2013. The Philippines has previously supported Timor-Leste's ASEAN membership through official documents in 2002 and 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=8411&lang=en|title=Singapore and the Philippines express support for Timor-Leste’s bid for ASEAN membership after Official visits|date=19 June 2013|accessdate=20 December 2013|publisher=Government of Timor-Leste}}</ref> |
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By September 2013, the ASEAN's Coordinating Council Working Group was still evaluating Timor-Leste's membership application, and Minh said that there was no timeline for when the assessment would be completed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2013/09/12/timor-leste-must-wait-full-asean-membership |title=Timor Leste must wait for full ASEAN membership |date=12 September 2013 |accessdate=25 September 2013 |publisher=[[Brunei Times]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928171634/http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2013/09/12/timor-leste-must-wait-full-asean-membership |archivedate=28 September 2013 }}</ref> Singapore pledged that it would not block Timor-Leste's membership in the Association, with their Second Minister for Foreign Affairs, [[Grace Fu]], saying "For any member to come into ASEAN and to be ready for 2015 will be quite a big step. Whether Timor Leste is ready, whether it has its eyes on 2015, we like to have a working group to evaluate."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2013/09/21/spore-wont-block-timor-lestes-bid-join-asean |title=S'pore won't block Timor Leste's bid to join ASEAN |date=21 September 2013 |accessdate=17 October 2013 |publisher=[[Brunei Times]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019222247/http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2013/09/21/spore-wont-block-timor-lestes-bid-join-asean |archivedate=19 October 2013 }}</ref> In November 2013, U Aung Htoo, ASEAN Affairs Department deputy director, said that Timor Leste would not be ready to join in 2014 since they do not have an embassy in all 10 current ASEAN member states, a necessity for membership.<ref name=mmt>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/8716-timor-leste-on-the-asean-waiting-list.html|title= Timor Leste on the ASEAN waiting list |last1=Aung|first1=Nyan Lynn|last2=McLaughlin|first2=Tim|date=7 November 2013|accessdate=20 December 2013|publisher=[[The Myanmar Times]]}}</ref> |
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In 2015, East Timor said it is now ready to join the association at any time, telling via East Timor's ambassador to Malaysia that their country had at least fulfilled two major requirements for ASEAN membership such as the country was located in this region and it had opened embassies in ASEAN member countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=98869|title=Timor Leste is ready to join Asean grouping|work=[[Bernama]]|publisher=[[Daily Express (Sabah)|Daily Express]]|date=11 April 2015|accessdate=11 April 2015}}</ref> The [[Philippines]] re-echoed its support for East Timor's accession to ASEAN on the same year.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} |
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In 2016, Indonesia has announced that Timor-Leste's ASEAN membership bid might be realised in 2017 since the feasibility studies conducted by both countries on Timor-Leste's stability, security, economy, and culture will be finished by the end of 2016.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} Middle of 2016, [[Cambodia]]'s Prime Minister announced that they back Timor-Leste's membership in ASEAN.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} At the same time, the Liberal Party, ruling party in the Philippines that backed East Timor's full accession to ASEAN, was defeated in the presidential elections. The newly-elected administration in the Philippines has yet to announce its position on Timor-Leste's ASEAN application, causing cripples to East Timorese membership at an important time since the following year's ASEAN summit will be hosted by the Philippines.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} |
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In 2017, the [[Philippines]], a close ally of Timor-Leste, became the ASEAN host for 2017. A general meeting is expected to conclude in 17 November, however, foreign reports in 4 November have said that ASEAN would bypass Timor-Leste's membership in 2017, mostly because of its lack of human resources which was pointed out by [[Singapore]]. Despite this, it was announced that East Timor Prime Minister [[Mari Alkatiri]] will continue East Timor's participation in ASEAN as an observer during the 2017 summit. The Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, and Cambodia reiterated Timor-Leste's membership application during the summits, however, the other 6 ASEAN member states led by Singapore did not support the move.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/11/05/17/asean-to-pass-on-letting-east-timor-join-grouping-this-year-kyodo-sources|title=ASEAN to pass on letting East Timor join grouping this year: Kyodo sources|last=News|first=Kyodo|work=ABS-CBN News|access-date=2017-11-26|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://thediplomat.com/2016/05/east-timor-hopes-for-asean-membership-by-2017/|title=East Timor Hopes for ASEAN Membership by 2017|first=Luke|last=Hunt|work=The Diplomat|date=27 May 2016|accessdate=24 February 2017}}</ref> On the last day of the summit, the Philippines was mandated by tradition to pass the ASEAN chairmanship to Singapore, whose chairmanship begins in January.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.canadianinquirer.net/2017/11/14/ph-turns-over-asean-chairmanship-to-singapore/|title=PH turns over ASEAN chairmanship to Singapore {{!}} Philippine Canadian Inquirer|website=www.canadianinquirer.net|language=en-CA|access-date=2017-11-26}}</ref> A final report in the November summit released stated that "Timor-Leste’s application for ASEAN membership is ongoing, and therefore, looked forward to the outcomes of discussion by the ASEAN Coordinating Council Working Group..., which will be held on 5 December 2017 in Bali, Indonesia," making it the last opportunity for Timor-Leste's accession in ASEAN under the Philippines' chairmanship which technically ends on 31 December. The Philippines made a last bid to declare Timor-Leste as an ASEAN member state, but failed after 6 (Singapore, Myanmar, Laos, Malaysia, Brunei, and Vietnam) blocked the proposal, while only 4 (Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, and Cambodia) approved of it. The proposal needed a unanimous vote (10) for it to pass.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} |
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In 2018, the Philippines was in talks with Brunei, Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam regarding the approval of Timor-Leste's accession to ASEAN. Talks were also set with Malaysia and Singapore, but both nations rejected the proposal again.{{according to whom?|date=July 2019}}{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} Singapore, as the ASEAN chair for 2018, noted that Timor-Leste's membership will be tackled during the year, but its accession as a member state would not be approved,{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} pushing the possible approval of Timor-Leste's bid to 2019, where Thailand will be chair.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/timor-leste-application-for-asean-membership-still-being-studied-chairmans-report/|title=Timor Leste application for ASEAN membership still being studied - chairman's report|date=2017-11-16|work=InterAksyon|access-date=2017-11-26|language=en-US}}</ref>{{not in citation given|date=July 2019}} |
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Since Thailand took over the chairmanship of the association in 2019, Timor-Leste [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (East Timor)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] [[Dionísio Babo]] noted that a fact-finding mission has been formed to visit their country in September to determine their readiness in joining the association, adding that Brunei has given assurance to support the country's bid to join ASEAN, in which the latter hopes "it will happen sooner rather than later".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thescoop.co/2019/07/06/timor-leste-says-brunei-will-support-its-bid-to-join-asean/|title=Timor Leste says Brunei will support its bid to join ASEAN|author=Ain Bandial|publisher=The Scoop|date=6 July 2019|accessdate=28 July 2019}}</ref> Further in July, Malaysia's [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)|Foreign Minister]] [[Saifuddin Abdullah]] reiterated their support for the country to join ASEAN during his meeting with Dionísio who was in [[Putrajaya]] for a visit in the same month, telling their country stand that Malaysia is always consistent to support Timor-Leste's admission into the association ever since the republic submitted its application in 2011.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.kln.gov.my/web/guest/-/press-release-official-visit-of-minister-for-foreign-affairs-and-cooperation-of-the-democratic-republic-of-timor-leste-dr-dionisio-da-costa-babo-soare|title=Official Visit of Minister for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, Dr. Dionísio Da Costa Babo Soares to Malaysia 1 - 2 July 2019|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia]]|date=1 July 2019|accessdate=27 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thesundaily.my/home/malaysia-consistent-in-its-support-for-timor-leste-to-join-asean-DK1095317|title=Malaysia consistent in its support for Timor Leste to join ASEAN|work=Bernama|publisher=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun]]|date=11 July 2019|accessdate=27 July 2019}}</ref> Similar support were expressed by Indonesia's [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Indonesia)|Foreign Minister]] [[Retno Marsudi]] in the same month during the plenary session of the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting (AMM) in [[Bangkok]], Thailand where she explained that "Indonesian support has been expressed many times even since the beginning, not only on political sense, but including through various assistance schemes to prepare and improve Timor-Leste capacity to meet the requirements in joining the association".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.antaranews.com/news/130264/indonesia-backs-timor-leste-for-membership-in-asean|title=Indonesia backs Timor Leste for membership in ASEAN|author1=Yuni Arisandy Sinaga|author2=Bambang Purwanto|publisher=[[Antara (news agency)|Antara]]|date=2 August 2019|accessdate=2 August 2019}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
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* [[Enlargement of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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