Second Punic War: Difference between revisions
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The Romans established a [[lodgement]] in north-east Iberia in 218 BC; the Carthaginians repeatedly attempted and failed to reduce it. In 211 the Romans took the offensive in Iberia and were [[Battle of the Upper Baetis|badly defeated]] but maintained their hold on the north east. In 209 BC the new Roman commander [[Scipio Africanus|Publius Scipio]] captured [[Cartagena, Spain|Carthago Nova]], the main Carthaginian base in the peninsula. In 208 [[Battle of Baecula|Scipio defeated Hasdrubal]], although Hasdrubal was able to withdraw most of his troops into Gaul and then northern Italy in spring 207 BC. This new Carthaginian invasion was defeated at the [[Battle of the Metaurus]]. At the [[battle of Ilipa]] in 206 Scipio permanently ended the Carthaginian presence in Iberia. |
The Romans established a [[lodgement]] in north-east Iberia in 218 BC; the Carthaginians repeatedly attempted and failed to reduce it. In 211 the Romans took the offensive in Iberia and were [[Battle of the Upper Baetis|badly defeated]] but maintained their hold on the north east. In 209 BC the new Roman commander [[Scipio Africanus|Publius Scipio]] captured [[Cartagena, Spain|Carthago Nova]], the main Carthaginian base in the peninsula. In 208 [[Battle of Baecula|Scipio defeated Hasdrubal]], although Hasdrubal was able to withdraw most of his troops into Gaul and then northern Italy in spring 207 BC. This new Carthaginian invasion was defeated at the [[Battle of the Metaurus]]. At the [[battle of Ilipa]] in 206 Scipio permanently ended the Carthaginian presence in Iberia. |
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Scipio invaded Carthaginian Africa in 204 BC, compelling the |
Scipio invaded Carthaginian Africa in 204 BC, compelling the Carthaginian Senate to recall Hannibal's army from Italy. The final engagement of the war took place between armies under Scipio and Hannibal at [[battle of Zama|Zama]] in 202 and resulted in Hannibal's defeat and in Carthage [[sue for peace|suing for peace]]. The peace treaty imposed on the Carthaginians stripped them of all of their overseas territories and some of their African ones. An indemnity of 10,000 silver talents was to be paid over 50 years. Carthage was prohibited from waging war outside Africa, and in Africa only with Rome's express permission. Henceforth it was clear Carthage was politically subordinate to Rome. Rome contrived a justification to declare war on Carthage again in 149{{nbs}}BC, starting the [[Third Punic War]]. In 146{{nbs}}BC the Romans stormed the city of [[Carthage]], [[looting|sacked]] it, slaughtered most of its population and completely demolished it. |
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==Primary sources== |
==Primary sources== |
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