User:Okeyes (WMF)/sandbox: Difference between revisions
Okeyes (WMF) (talk | contribs) test |
Okeyes (WMF) (talk | contribs) test |
||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
==How the VisualEditor writes it[[Category:X1]]== |
==How the VisualEditor writes it[[Category:X1]]== |
||
Death 'n' Roll (from ''death'' metal and rock ''<nowiki>'n' roll</nowiki>'' is... |
Death 'n' Roll (from ''death'' metal and rock ''<nowiki>'n' roll</nowiki>)'' is... |
||
Death 'n' Roll (from ''[[Death metal|death]]''[[Death metal| metal]] and [[Rock 'n' roll|rock ''<nowiki>'n' roll</nowiki>'']]) is |
|||
Revision as of 16:20, 9 July 2013
Foo bar
===Foo
=
43
Okeyes (WMF)
Okeyes (WMF)
You can remove this notice at any time by removing the {{Talkback}} or {{Tb}} template.
 | This section is missing kilometre posts for junctions. |
In ur wiki making ur edits
Foobar2
Okeyes (WMF)/sandbox |
|---|
Baz
Somewhere around a billion years ago,[1] a free-living cyanobacterium entered an early eukaryotic cell, either as food or an internal parasite,[2] and managed to escape the phagocytic vacuole it was contained in.[3]
The two innermost lipid-bilayer membranes that surround all chloroplasts[4] correspond to the outer and inner membranes of the ancestral cyanobacterium's gram negative cell wall,[5][6][7] and not the phagosomal membrane from the host, which was probably lost.[7] The new cellular resident quickly became an advantage, providing food for the eukaryotic host, which allowed it to live within it.[2] Over time, the cyanobacterium was assimilated, and many of its genes were lost or transferred to the nucleus of the host.[8] Some of its proteins were then synthesized in the cytoplasm of the host cell, and imported back into the chloroplast.[8][9]
This event is called endosymbiosis, or "cell living inside another cell". The cell living inside the other cell is called the endosymbiont; the endosymbiont is found inside the host cell.[2]
Chloroplasts are believed to have arisen after mitochondria, since all eukaryotes contain mitochondria, but not all have chloroplasts.[2][10] This is called serial endosymbiosis—an early eukaryote engulfing the mitochondrion ancestor, and some descendants of it then engulfing the chloroplast ancestor, creating a cell with both chloroplasts and mitochondria.[2]
Whether or not chloroplasts came from a single endosymbiotic event, or many independent engulfments across various eukaryotic lineages has been long debated, but it is now generally held that all organisms with chloroplasts either share a single ancestor or obtained their chloroplast from organisms that share a common ancestor that took in a cyanobacterium 600–1600 million years ago.[1]
These chloroplasts, which can be traced back directly to a cyanobacterial ancestor are known as primary plastids[11] ("plastid" in this context means the almost the same thing as chloroplast[2]). All primary chloroplasts belong to one of three chloroplast lineages—the glaucophyte chloroplast lineage, the rhodophyte, or red algal chloroplast lineage, or the chloroplastidan, or green chloroplast lineage.[12] The second two are the largest,[7] and the green chloroplast lineage is the one that contains the land plants.[7]
How the wikimarkup editor writes it
How the VisualEditor writes it
Death 'n' Roll (from death metal and rock 'n' roll) is...
Death 'n' Roll (from death metal and rock 'n' roll) is
- ^ a b McFadden, Geoffrey I (NaN undefined NaN). "Evolution: Red Algal Genome Affirms a Common Origin of All Plastids". Current Biology. 14 (13): R514–R516. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.041. PMID 15242632. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e f Biology 8th Edition Campbell & Reece. Benjamin Cummings (Pearson). 2009. p. 516.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Springer—The Chloroplast—Chloroplast shapeswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Chloroplasts". Kimball's Biology Pages. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
- ^ Joyard J Block MA, Douce R (1991). "Molecular aspects of plastid envelope biochemistry". Eur J Biochem. 199 (3): 489–509. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb16148.x. PMID 1868841.
- ^ "Chloroplast". Encyclopedia of Science. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
- ^ a b c d Keeling, Patrick J (2004). "Diversity and evolutionary history of plastids and their hosts". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1481–93. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1481. PMID 21652304. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
BMCBiology-EvolvinganOrganellewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
PlantPhysiology-ChloroplastOriginwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Archibald, J.M. (2009). "The Puzzle of Plastid Evolution". Current biology. 19 (2): R81–R88. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.067. PMID 19174147.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Wise—Plastid diversitywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Plastid endosymbiosiswas invoked but never defined (see the help page).