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{{italic title}}
{{italic title}}
{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| name = Purple-stem cliffbrake
| name = Purple-stem cliffbrake
| image = Pellaea_atropurpurea-forms.gif
| image = Pellaea atropurpurea-forms.gif
| image_width =
| image_width =
| image_caption = Formation of ''Pellaea atropurpurea''
| image_caption = Formation of ''Pellaea atropurpurea''
| status = G5
| status = G5
| status_system = TNC
| status_system = TNC
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Pteridophyta]]
| divisio = [[Pteridophyta]]
| classis = [[Polypodiopsida]]
| classis = [[Polypodiopsida]]
| ordo = [[Polypodiales]]
| ordo = [[Polypodiales]]
| familia = [[Pteridaceae]]
| familia = [[Pteridaceae]]
| familia_authority =
| familia_authority =
| genus = ''[[Pellaea]]'' <small>[[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link|Link]]</small>
| genus = ''[[Pellaea]]'' <small>[[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link|Link]]</small>
| species = ''P. atropurpurea''
| species = ''P. atropurpurea''
| binomial = ''Pellaea atropurpurea'' <small>[[L.]] [[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link|Link]]</small>
| binomial = ''Pellaea atropurpurea'' <small>[[L.]] [[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link|Link]]</small>
}}
}}


'''''Pellaea atropurpurea''''' is a [[fern]], commonly known as '''purple-stem cliffbrake''' or just '''purple cliffbrake'''. "Brake" is an old word for fern, related to the word "[[bracken]]". Like many other members of the [[Pteridaceae]], it is a rock plant, needing a calcareous substrate.
'''''Pellaea atropurpurea''''' is a [[fern]], commonly known as '''purple-stem cliffbrake''' or just '''purple cliffbrake'''. ''Brake'' is an old word for fern, related to the word ''[[bracken]]''. Like many other members of the [[Pteridaceae]], it is a rock plant, needing a calcareous substrate.


''P. atropurpurea'' is an [[apogamy|apogamous]] autotriploid, with ''3n=87'' (actual base number, ''n=29''), and is one of the historical parents of the hybrid species complex, ''[[Pellaea glabella]]''. Apogamy, or the ability to reproduce non-sexually, is common among rock ferns in the [[Pteridaceae]].
''P. atropurpurea'' is an [[apogamous]] autotriploid, with ''3n=87'' (actual base number, ''n=29''), and is one of the historical parents of the hybrid species complex, ''[[Pellaea glabella]]''. Apogamy, or the ability to reproduce non-sexually, is common among rock ferns in the [[Pteridaceae]].


==Characteristics==
== Characteristics ==


This fern produces clumps of widely arching fronds. The [[Stipe (botany)|stipe]] and [[rachis]] of the blade are purple, while the blade itself has a blue-gray tinge to it. The upper [[PINNATION|pinnae]] are long, narrow, and undivided, while the lower ones are divided into 3–15 pinnules. The pinnae are, for the most part, opposite. Fertile fronds are longer and more heavily divided. They produce [[Sorus|sori]], which lack a true [[indusium]], within the inrolled margins of the pinnae.
This fern produces clumps of widely arching [[frond]]s. The [[Stipe (botany)|stipe]] and [[rachis]] of the blade are purple, while the blade itself has a blue-gray tinge to it. The upper [[pinnation|pinnae]] are long, narrow, and undivided, while the lower ones are divided into 3–15 [[pinnule]]s. The pinnae are, for the most part, opposite. Fertile fronds are longer and more heavily divided. They produce [[Sorus|sori]], which lack a true [[indusium]], within the inrolled margins of the pinnae.


This plant may be distinguished from the similar ''[[Pellaea glabella]]'' by its hairier nature and larger form.
This plant may be distinguished from the similar ''[[Pellaea glabella]]'' by its hairier nature and larger form.


==Ecology==
== Ecology ==


''Pellaea atropurpurea'' grows in the crevices of dry [[limestone]] cliffs, rocky slopes, crevices in alvars,<ref>Catling, P.M. and Brownell, V.R. (1999). Alvars of the Great Lakes Region. p. 375-391, in R. C. Anderson, J. S. Fralish, and J. M. Baskin (eds.) ''Savannas, Barrens and Rock Outcrop Communities of North America.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Table 23.3</ref> and mortared walls. It is endangered in [[Florida]], [[Iowa]], and [[Rhode Island]]. It has become extinct in [[Louisiana]] since the limestone caprock of a [[salt dome]] at [[Winfield, Louisiana|Winfield]], the only location for the fern in the state, was quarried away.<ref>{{cite journal | ref=harv | first=David | last=Moore | title=The limestone hill at Winnfield Louisiana | journal=Louisiana Native Plant Society Newsletter | date=Spring 2013 | volume=27 | issue=2 | pages=5–7 | url=http://lnps.org/newsletter2/April%202013%20LNPS%20newsletter.pdf}}</ref>
''Pellaea atropurpurea'' grows in the crevices of dry [[limestone]] cliffs, rocky slopes, crevices in alvars,<ref>{{citation |mode=CS1 |last1=Catling |first1=P.M. |last2=Brownell |first2=V.R. |date=1999 |title=Alvars of the Great Lakes Region |pages=375-391 |editor1-first=R. C. |editor1-last=Anderson |editor2-first=J. S. |editor2-last=Fralish |editor3-first=J. M. |editor3-last=Baskin |encyclopedia=Savannas, Barrens and Rock Outcrop Communities of North America |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}<!-- Table 23.3 --></ref> and mortared walls. It is endangered in [[Florida]], [[Iowa]], and [[Rhode Island]]. It has become extinct in [[Louisiana]] since the limestone caprock of a [[salt dome]] at [[Winfield, Louisiana|Winfield]], the only location for the fern in the state, was quarried away.<ref>{{cite journal | ref=harv | first=David | last=Moore | title=The limestone hill at Winnfield Louisiana | journal=Louisiana Native Plant Society Newsletter | date=Spring 2013 | volume=27 | issue=2 | pages=5–7 | url=http://lnps.org/newsletter2/April%202013%20LNPS%20newsletter.pdf}}</ref>


==References==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Other sources==
== Other sources ==
*Boughton C. (2005). Ferns of Northeastern and Central North America. New York: Houghton Mifflin. 417p.
* {{cite book |last=Boughton |first=C. |date=2005 |title=Ferns of Northeastern and Central North America |location=New York |publisher=Houghton Mifflin}}
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=PEAT2 USDA Plants Database: P. ''atropurpurea'']
* {{PLANTS|symbol=PEAT2|taxon=Pellaea atropurpurea}}
* {{eFloras|1|200003493|Pellaea atropurpurea|family=Pteridaceae|first=Michael D.|last=Windham}}
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200003493 ''P. atropurpurea'' in Flora of North America]

==External links==

{{taxonbar}}


[[Category:Pellaea|atropurpurea]]
[[Category:Pellaea|atropurpurea]]

Revision as of 00:09, 9 January 2017

Purple-stem cliffbrake
Formation of Pellaea atropurpurea

Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Division:
Pteridophyta
Class:
Polypodiopsida
Order:
Polypodiales
Family:
Pteridaceae
Genus:
Pellaea Link
Species:
P. atropurpurea
Binomial name
Pellaea atropurpurea L. Link

Pellaea atropurpurea is a fern, commonly known as purple-stem cliffbrake or just purple cliffbrake. Brake is an old word for fern, related to the word bracken. Like many other members of the Pteridaceae, it is a rock plant, needing a calcareous substrate.

P. atropurpurea is an apogamous autotriploid, with 3n=87 (actual base number, n=29), and is one of the historical parents of the hybrid species complex, Pellaea glabella. Apogamy, or the ability to reproduce non-sexually, is common among rock ferns in the Pteridaceae.

Characteristics

This fern produces clumps of widely arching fronds. The stipe and rachis of the blade are purple, while the blade itself has a blue-gray tinge to it. The upper pinnae are long, narrow, and undivided, while the lower ones are divided into 3–15 pinnules. The pinnae are, for the most part, opposite. Fertile fronds are longer and more heavily divided. They produce sori, which lack a true indusium, within the inrolled margins of the pinnae.

This plant may be distinguished from the similar Pellaea glabella by its hairier nature and larger form.

Ecology

Pellaea atropurpurea grows in the crevices of dry limestone cliffs, rocky slopes, crevices in alvars,[1] and mortared walls. It is endangered in Florida, Iowa, and Rhode Island. It has become extinct in Louisiana since the limestone caprock of a salt dome at Winfield, the only location for the fern in the state, was quarried away.[2]

References

  1. ^ Catling, P.M.; Brownell, V.R. (1999), "Alvars of the Great Lakes Region", in Anderson, R. C.; Fralish, J. S.; Baskin, J. M. (eds.), Savannas, Barrens and Rock Outcrop Communities of North America, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 375–391 {{citation}}: Invalid |mode=CS1 (help)
  2. ^ Moore, David (Spring 2013). "The limestone hill at Winnfield Louisiana" (PDF). Louisiana Native Plant Society Newsletter. 27 (2): 5–7. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Other sources

External links


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