Evenki orthography: Difference between revisions
This is only a draft!! I will continue translating this ASAP. Please let me know if my citation is good enough. The link to the corresponding article on Russian Wikipedia which I am translating is https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C |
m More will follow soon!! Please give me more time, I will continue translating the other sections tomorrow as soon as I can. :DD I hope that the citations are good enough, they are copied directly from the corresponding article in Russian: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C#cite_note-3 |
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== Preliterate period == |
== Preliterate period == |
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Before the 20th century, the Evenki language had no orthography of its own, although material regarding the language was fixated in the 18th and 19th centuries repeatedly by various investigators, who used various orthographical systems in their writings. Thus, the first texts in the language were published in 1705 in a second edition of a book by Nicolaes Witsen "Noord en Oost Tartarye," which contains a translation of a prayer into Evenki, written in the Latin alphabet. Earlier, Evenki words were documented by Philip Johan von Strahlenberg, Peter Simon Pallas, Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt and other investigators. For their notes they used both the Latin alphabet and various Cyrillic alphabets. In 1865 the first scientific grammar of the Evenki language, written by Matthias Castrén, was published.<ref>''Я. П. Алькор (Кошкин).'' Проект алфавита эвенкийского (тунгусского) языка. — <abbr>Л.</abbr>: Изд-во АН СССР, 1930. — 14 с. — 650 экз.</ref> |
Before the 20th century, the Evenki language had no orthography of its own, although material regarding the language was fixated in the 18th and 19th centuries repeatedly by various investigators, who used various orthographical systems in their writings. Thus, the first texts in the language were published in 1705 in a second edition of a book by Nicolaes Witsen "Noord en Oost Tartarye," which contains a translation of a prayer into Evenki, written in the Latin alphabet. Earlier, Evenki words were documented by Philip Johan von Strahlenberg, Peter Simon Pallas, Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt and other investigators. For their notes they used both the Latin alphabet and various Cyrillic alphabets. In 1865 the first scientific grammar of the Evenki language, written by Matthias Castrén, was published.<ref name=":0">''Я. П. Алькор (Кошкин).'' Проект алфавита эвенкийского (тунгусского) языка. — <abbr>Л.</abbr>: Изд-во АН СССР, 1930. — 14 с. — 650 экз.</ref> |
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The first attempts at the creation of Evenki orthography were made by missionaries of the Bible Society in Russia. In 1818 they translated excerpts of the New Testament. The Cyrillic alphabet was used in the translations, which were never published after all.<ref>Книжная культура эвенков / Л. Н. Потапова. — Якутск, 2008. — С. 6—14.</ref><ref>''Б. Даниленко.'' [http://pravostok.ru/blog/perevod-i-interpretaciya-svyashennogo-pisaniya-v-etnokyltyrah-dalnego-vostoka/ Перевод и интерпретация Священного Писания в этнокультурах Дальнего Востока]. Информационно-просветительский портал Хабаровской епархии (15.11.2006).</ref> Some publications claim that [https://vivaldi.nlr.ru/bx000010240/view/#page= "Тунгусский букварь"] (in English, "Tungus language children's primer (or ABC-book), written 1858), as well as the dictionary and translation of the Gospel of Matthew that followed it, were in the Evenki language. However, in reality, these books were written in the Ola dialect of the Even language.<ref name=":0" /><ref>''А. А. Бурыкин.'' [http://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/burykin/burykin_northphonetics.pdf Изучение фонетики языков малочисленных народов Севера России и проблемы развития их письменности (обзор)] // Язык и речевая деятельность. — СПб, 2000. — Т. 3, вып. 1. — С. 150—180.</ref> |
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Revision as of 04:22, 13 February 2021
Evenki orthgraphy uses three different scripts, depending on the region. In Russia, a Cyrillic based alphabet enjoys official status, while in China two scripts are used: Latin (various forms) and the Mongolian script (experimentally).
Preliterate period
Before the 20th century, the Evenki language had no orthography of its own, although material regarding the language was fixated in the 18th and 19th centuries repeatedly by various investigators, who used various orthographical systems in their writings. Thus, the first texts in the language were published in 1705 in a second edition of a book by Nicolaes Witsen "Noord en Oost Tartarye," which contains a translation of a prayer into Evenki, written in the Latin alphabet. Earlier, Evenki words were documented by Philip Johan von Strahlenberg, Peter Simon Pallas, Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt and other investigators. For their notes they used both the Latin alphabet and various Cyrillic alphabets. In 1865 the first scientific grammar of the Evenki language, written by Matthias Castrén, was published.[1]
The first attempts at the creation of Evenki orthography were made by missionaries of the Bible Society in Russia. In 1818 they translated excerpts of the New Testament. The Cyrillic alphabet was used in the translations, which were never published after all.[2][3] Some publications claim that "Тунгусский букварь" (in English, "Tungus language children's primer (or ABC-book), written 1858), as well as the dictionary and translation of the Gospel of Matthew that followed it, were in the Evenki language. However, in reality, these books were written in the Ola dialect of the Even language.[1][4]
- ^ a b Я. П. Алькор (Кошкин). Проект алфавита эвенкийского (тунгусского) языка. — Л.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1930. — 14 с. — 650 экз.
- ^ Книжная культура эвенков / Л. Н. Потапова. — Якутск, 2008. — С. 6—14.
- ^ Б. Даниленко. Перевод и интерпретация Священного Писания в этнокультурах Дальнего Востока. Информационно-просветительский портал Хабаровской епархии (15.11.2006).
- ^ А. А. Бурыкин. Изучение фонетики языков малочисленных народов Севера России и проблемы развития их письменности (обзор) // Язык и речевая деятельность. — СПб, 2000. — Т. 3, вып. 1. — С. 150—180.