Great Sleigh Drive: Difference between revisions
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== The Sleigh Drive == |
== The Sleigh Drive == |
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Most commanders would have simply allowed the Swedes to depart, but Frederick William was a particularly aggressive commander and came across the ingenious idea of [[commandeering]] thousands of sleighs from the local peasantry to transport his army across the snowy terrain of the Duchy of Prussia to cut off the Swedes' escape route. Driving over the heavy snow and several frozen lakes, Frederick managed to drive deep into the flanks and rear of the escaping Swedish force, denying them access to the coast and their navy, which would have allowed them to resupply or escape. |
Most commanders would have simply allowed the Swedes to depart, but Frederick William was a particularly aggressive commander and came across the ingenious idea of [[commandeering]] thousands of sleighs from the local peasantry to transport his army across the snowy terrain of the Duchy of Prussia to cut off the Swedes' escape route, creating a primitive form of [[mechanized infantry]]. Driving over the heavy snow and several frozen lakes, Frederick managed to drive deep into the flanks and rear of the escaping Swedish force, denying them access to the coast and their navy, which would have allowed them to resupply or escape. |
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== Aftermath == |
== Aftermath == |
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Revision as of 08:59, 23 January 2007
"The Great Sleigh Drive" (German: Die große Schlittenfahrt) was a daring and bold maneuver by Frederick William, the Great Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia, to drive Swedish forces out of the Duchy of Prussia, a territory of his which had been invaded by the Swedes during the winter of 1678.
Background
Frederick William had earlier defeated the Swedes and driven them out of his territory of Brandenburg at the Battle of Fehrbellin and now faced another punitive Swedish incursion into his territories. The main body of his army was busy sieging the Swedish-held port city of Stralsund on the coast of the Baltic Sea far to the west, so Frederick marched his army to the small town of Preußisch Holland and engaged a small Swedish force occupying the city. The Swedes, having been resoundingly defeated at the Battle of Fehrbellin, were in no hurry to face off against Frederick William again and decided to retreat back to the coast in order to embark back to Sweden, having already accomplished their goal of looting much of the province and avenging their earlier defeat.
The Sleigh Drive
Most commanders would have simply allowed the Swedes to depart, but Frederick William was a particularly aggressive commander and came across the ingenious idea of commandeering thousands of sleighs from the local peasantry to transport his army across the snowy terrain of the Duchy of Prussia to cut off the Swedes' escape route, creating a primitive form of mechanized infantry. Driving over the heavy snow and several frozen lakes, Frederick managed to drive deep into the flanks and rear of the escaping Swedish force, denying them access to the coast and their navy, which would have allowed them to resupply or escape.
Aftermath
Frederick's forces managed to ride all the way to Memel, completely cutting off the Swedes from the coast. Although the Brandenburg forces never actually managed to force the Swedes to commit to the field in an open battle as Frederick had wanted, many Swedish troops perished in the harsh winter from hypothermia and starvation, and the Swedish army was effectively destroyed. This victory cemented Frederick William's reputation as a great military strategist.
Significance
The Winter Campaign of 1678 and the subsequent Great Sleigh Drive appeared in the German military war journal "Militär-Wochenblatt" in 1929, in which a then (relatively unknown) Major by the name of Heinz Guderian wrote an article commenting about its use of operational mobility as a decisive factor in victory.
References
Citino, Robert M.. The German Way of War: From the Thirty Years War to the Third Reich. University Press of Kansas. Lawrence, KS, 2005. ISBN 0-7006-1410-9