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There are a variety of titles are used to refer to the penutimate prophet of Islam, Isa ibn Maryam in the Quran. In Islam, two names are usually referred to him, ''Isa'' in the Hadith and ''Masih'' in the Quran. Islamic scholars emphasize the need for Muslims to follow the name of Isa, whether spoken or written, with the honorific phrase "''Alay-hi ’s-salām"'' ({{Lang-ar|عليه السلام}}) which means [[peace be upon him]].
There are a variety of titles are used to refer to the penutimate prophet of Islam, Isa ibn Maryam in the Quran. In Islam, two names are usually referred to him, ''Isa'' in the Hadith and ''Masih'' in the Quran. He has been mentioned third-person 48 times,<ref group="note">3rd person "He / Him / Thee" etc. (48 times): [[Q2:87]], [[Q2:253]], [[Q3:46]](2), [[Q3:48]], [[Q3:52]], [[Q3:55]](4), [[Q4:157]](3), [[Q4.159]](3), [[Q5:110]](11), [[Q5:46]](3), [[Q5:75]](2), [[Q19:21]], [[Q19:22]](2), [[Q19:27]](2), [[Q19:29]], [[Q23:50]], [[Q43:58]](2), [[Q43:59]](3), [[Q43:63]], [[Q57:27]](2), [[Q61:6]].</ref> first-person 35 times and the rest as titles and attributes in the Quran.<ref name=":0" group="note">Messiah (Christ) / Ibn Maryam (23 times): [[Q2:87]], [[Q2:253]], [[Q3:45]], [[Q4:157]], [[Q4:171]], [[Q5:17]], [[Q5:46]], [[Q5:72]], [[Q5:75]], [[Q5:78]], [[Q5:110]], [[Q5:112]], [[Q5:114]], [[Q5:116]], [[Q9:31]], [[Q19:34]], [[Q23:50]], [[Q33:7]], [[Q43:57]], [[Q57:27]], [[Q61:6]], [[Q61:14]]; Messiah / Al Masih (11 times): [[Q3:45]], [[Q4:171]], [[Q4:172]], [[Q5:17]], [[Q5:72]](2), [[Q5:75]], [[Q9:30]], [[Q9:31]]; Spirit (of God) / rwh (11 times): [[Q2:87]], [[Q2:253]], [[Q4:171]], [[Q5:110]], [[Q12:87]], [[Q15.29]], [[Q17:85]](2), [[Q19:17]], [[Q21:91]], [[Q58:22]]; child / pure boy (9 times): [[Q19:19]], [[Q19:20]], [[Q19:21]], [[Q19:29]], [[Q19:35]], [[Q19:88]], [[Q19:91]], [[Q19:92]], [[Q21:91]]; Word (of God) / kalima (6 times): [[Q3:39]], [[Q3:45]], [[Q3:48]], [[Q4:171]], [[Q5:46]], [[Q5:110]]; Messenger / Apostle / Prophet (5 times): [[Q3:49]], [[Q4:157]], [[Q4:171]], [[Q19:30]], [[Q61:6]]; Sign (4 times): [[Q19:21]], [[Q21:91]], [[Q23:50]], [[Q43:61]]; The Gift (1 time): [[Q19:19]]; Mercy from Us (1 time): [[Q19:21]]; Servant (1 time): [[Q19:30]]; Blessed (1 time): [[Q19:31]]; Word of Truth ~ Statement of Truth (1 time): [[Q19:34]]; amazing thing ~ thing unheard of (1 time): [[Q19:27]]; Example (1 time): [[Q43:57]]; Straight Path ~ Right Way (1 time): [[Q43:61]]; Witness (1 time): [[Q4:159]]; His Name (1 time): [[Q3:45]].</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iJmcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT16 Parrinder 1965, p. 16].</ref> The significance of Isa in Islam is reflected in his being mentioned in the [[Quran]] in 93 [[Ayah|verses]] with various titles attached such and other relational terms, mentioned directly and indirectly, over 187 times.<ref name="Understanding Islam and Christianity: Beliefs That Separate Us and How to Talk About Them">{{cite book|last1=McDowell, Jim|first1=Josh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UfvgAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT12|title=Understanding Islam and Christianity: Beliefs That Separate Us and How to Talk About Them|last2=Walker|first2=Jim|date=2002|publisher=Harvest House Publishers|isbn=9780736949910|location=Euguen, Oregon|page=12}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Schumann|first=Olaf H.|title=Jesus the Messiah in Muslim Thought|date=2002|publisher=ISPCK/HIM|isbn=978-8172145224|location=Dehli|page=13}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Parrinder|first=Geoffrey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iJmcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT33|title=Jesus in the Quran|date=1965|publisher=Oxford [[Oneworld Publications]]|isbn=9781851689996|location=London|page=33|author-link=Geoffrey Parrinder}}</ref><ref name="The Muslim Jesus: Sayings and Stories in Islamic Literature">{{cite book|last=Khalidi|first=Tarif|url=https://archive.org/details/muslimjesussayin00|title=The Muslim Jesus: Sayings and Stories in Islamic Literature|date=2001|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0674011151|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/details/muslimjesussayin00/page/4 4]|author-link=Tarif Khalidi|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>Gregory A. Barker and Stephen E. Gregg, "Jesus Beyond Christianity: The Classic Texts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 84.</ref> Isa is thus one of [[List of people mentioned by name in the Quran#Prophets|the most mentioned people]] in the Quran by reference.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iJmcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT16 Parrinder 1965, p. 16].</ref>

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Islamic scholars emphasize the need for Muslims to follow the name of Isa, whether spoken or written, with the honorific phrase "''Alay-hi ’s-salām"'' ({{Lang-ar|عليه السلام}}) which means [[peace be upon him]].


== Names ==
== Names ==

Revision as of 16:46, 25 June 2021

There are a variety of titles are used to refer to the penutimate prophet of Islam, Isa ibn Maryam in the Quran. In Islam, two names are usually referred to him, Isa in the Hadith and Masih in the Quran. Islamic scholars emphasize the need for Muslims to follow the name of Isa, whether spoken or written, with the honorific phrase "Alay-hi ’s-salām" (Arabic: عليه السلام) which means peace be upon him.

Names

Isa Ibn Maryam written in Islamic calligraphy

Isa

In the Quran by reference, he is mentioned 25 times by the name Isa.[note 1] He has also been mentioned as Isa in the Hadith. Ibn Maryam is mostly with the name of Isa in the Quran calling him Isa ibn Maryam meaning Isa, son of Maryam. Prophet Isa has been mentioned by his name 6 times in the Surah Al-Ma'idah, 5 times in Surah Al-Imran, 3 times in the Surah Al-Baqara and Surah An-Nisa, 2 times in As-Saff and 1 time in Surah Al-An'am, Surah Maryam, Surah Al-Ahzab, Surah Az-Zukhruf, Surah Ash-Shura and Surah Al-Hadid.[note 1]

The first mention of Isa in the Quran is in Surah Al-Baqara's verse 87:[1]

Then We gave Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus, the son of Maryam), clear Signs and strengthened him with the Holy Spirit (Gabriel).

— Malik Quran Translation

Etymology

The name Isa is most commonly derived from the classical Arabic Isa (Arabic: عيسى, romanized: ʿīsā) meaning the "salvation of Allah". Variations of spelling Isa differ as many Muslims write Esa and Eesa. Jesus name in Irish, Íosa, is very close to the Arabic īsā, suggesting parallel evolution into that form in both languages.

File:Masih Islamic calligraphy.png
The name Masih followed by peace be upon him.

Masih

Isa is the Messiah in Islam[2][3] and is the called Īsā al-Masīḥ by Muslims. It is one of several titles of Isa, who is referred to as Masih or Al-Masih 11 times in the Quran: four times in Al-Ma'idah; twice in each of At-Tawbah and An-Nisa; and once in Al-Imran.[note 2] It means 'the anointed', 'the traveller', or 'one who cures by caressing'.[2]

Titles

Spirit of Allah

The Arabic word Ruhullah (Arabic: روح ‌الله) is composed of the elements ruh (Arabic: روح)(spirit) and Allah (Arabic: الله). Thus, Ruhullah means "spirit of Allah". Ruh can also be used to mean the blowing of breath, a reference to the conception of Isa, which took place when the angel Jibril blew his breath onto Maryam's collar.[4][5] 

Isa is called Ruhullah 11 times in the Quran.[note 2]

Pure Boy

According the Quran and Hadith, Isa and his mother Maryam were the only two people whom Shaitan did not touch and so were without sin, so Isa is called a pure boy (Arabic: غُلَٰمًا زَكِيًّا, romanized: ġulammā zakīwā).[6][7][8] He is referred to as pure boy nine times in the Quran.[note 2]

Word of Allah

Isa has been mentioned "Kalimat Allah" 6 times in the Quran.[note 2] Sometimes, he has been mentioned only as Kalima.[9] Isa has been mentioned Kalima 3 times in the Surah Al-Imran, 2 times in Surah Al-Ma'idah, and 1 time in Surah An-Nisa.[note 2]

The word Kalimat Allah is an Arabic word which means "Word of Allah" while only Kalima means word.

Sign

In Islam, Isa's return is one of the ten major signs of Day of Resurrection.[10] Isa is called a sign (Arabic: آيَة) four times in the Quran: in Az-Zukhruf;[11] in Al-Mu’minun;[12] in Al-Anbiya;[13] and in Maryam.[14][6][note 2]

Wajih

Isa is called honourable or distinguished as (Arabic: وَجِيهاً, romanized: wajīḥ) just once in the Quran, in Surah Al-Imran, verse 3:45.[15] Many Muslims refer to Isa as Īsā al-Wajīḥ, since he is an honoured Prophet in Islam.[6][16]

Word of Truth

The "Word of Truth" is used as a title for Isa in the verse 34 of the Surah Maryam.[17] It is translated as "Statement of Truth".[note 2]

That is Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus, son of Maryam), the word of truth about which they are in dispute.

— Surah Maryam 19:34

Notes

  1. ^ a b Isa (25 times): Q2:87, Q2:136, Q2:253, Q3:45, Q3:52, Q3:55, Q3:59, Q3:84, Q4:157, Q4:163, Q4:171, Q5:46, Q5:78, Q5:110, Q5:112, Q5:114, Q5:116, Q6:85, Q19:34, Q33:7, Q42:13, Q43:63, Q57:27, Q61:6, Q61:14.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

References

  1. ^ "Compare Surah 2. Al-Baqara, Ayah 87 Online from Holy Quran | Islamic References & Recitation | Compare.Alim". www.alim.org. Retrieved 2021-06-24.
  2. ^ a b "Why do Muslims call Jesus "Masih"? What does it mean? What is the role of Christ in the religion of Islam? » Questions on Islam". Questions on Islam. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
  3. ^ Studies (2019-03-11). "The Meaning of Al-Masih". Dreams of Isa Al-Masih. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
  4. ^ islamreigns (2017-07-09). "Understanding the Term 'Ruhullah' [Spirit of Allah]". Islam Reigns. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
  5. ^ islamreigns (2017-07-09). "Understanding the Term 'Ruhullah' [Spirit of Allah]". Islam Reigns. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
  6. ^ a b c "Life of Maryam (as): 5 Lessons on Trusting Allah | Muslim Hands UK". muslimhands.org.uk. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
  7. ^ Quran 19:19
  8. ^ "Prophet Isa | Quran Online Reading with Meaning & Audio". SalatTimes.com. 2018-02-21. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
  9. ^ "Jesus as Kalimat Allah, The Word of God". Al-Islam.org. 2018-05-21. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
  10. ^ Al-Jarrah, Hasan (2021-03-02). "10 Majors Signs Of Qiyamah (Judgement Day) | AwakenTheDeenWithin". awakenthedeenwithin.com. Retrieved 2021-06-24.
  11. ^ 43:61
  12. ^ 43:61
  13. ^ 21:91
  14. ^ 19:21
  15. ^ 3:45
  16. ^ "Surah Ali 'Imran - 45". quran.com. Retrieved 2021-06-24.
  17. ^ "Surah Maryam - 34". quran.com. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
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