Lymantria dispar: Difference between revisions
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Bigwhitmer (talk | contribs) ESOA is not the keeper of "standard US usage." |
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== Etymology == |
== Etymology == |
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Moths of the [[subfamily]] [[Lymantriinae]] are commonly called [[tussock moth]]s due to the tussock-like tufts of hair on the [[caterpillar]]s.<ref name=USDA>The Gypsy Moth: Research Toward Integrated Pest Management, United States Department of Agriculture, 1981</ref>{{rp|9}} |
Moths of the [[subfamily]] [[Lymantriinae]] are commonly called [[tussock moth]]s due to the tussock-like tufts of hair on the [[caterpillar]]s.<ref name=USDA>The Gypsy Moth: Research Toward Integrated Pest Management, United States Department of Agriculture, 1981</ref>{{rp|9}} |
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Entomological Society of America dropped the name "gypsy moth" from their common names database. |
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<ref name="ESAnames">{{cite web |
<ref name="ESAnames">{{cite web |
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|title = Entomological Society of America Discontinues Use of Gypsy Moth, Ant Names |
|title = Entomological Society of America Discontinues Use of Gypsy Moth, Ant Names |
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|access-date = 8 July 2021 |
|access-date = 8 July 2021 |
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A replacement name for ''Lymantria dispar'' is currently under consideration. |
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The name ''Lymantria dispar'' is composed of two Latin-derived words. The [[genus|generic]] name ''Lymantria'' means 'destroyer'.<ref>[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Lymantria Free Dictionary for Lymantria]</ref> The [[specific name (zoology)|species epithet]] ''dispar'' means 'to separate' in Latin; it refers to the [[sexual dimorphism]] observed in the male and female [[imago|imagines]].<ref name=USDA />{{rp|9}} |
The name ''Lymantria dispar'' is composed of two Latin-derived words. The [[genus|generic]] name ''Lymantria'' means 'destroyer'.<ref>[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Lymantria Free Dictionary for Lymantria]</ref> The [[specific name (zoology)|species epithet]] ''dispar'' means 'to separate' in Latin; it refers to the [[sexual dimorphism]] observed in the male and female [[imago|imagines]].<ref name=USDA />{{rp|9}} |
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Revision as of 04:54, 16 July 2021
| Gypsy moth | |
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| Mounted Lymantria dispar dispar male | |
_Female_Dos.jpg)
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| Mounted Lymantria dispar dispar female | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Genus: | Lymantria |
| Species: | L. dispar
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| Binomial name | |
| Lymantria dispar | |
| Synonyms | |
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Lymantria dispar, sometimes known as the gypsy moth,[a] is a species of moth in the Erebidae family. Lymantria dispar is subdivided into several subspecies, with subspecies such as L. d. dispar and L. d. japonica being clearly identifiable without ambiguity. Lymantria dispar has been introduced to several continents and is now found in Europe, Africa, Asia, North America and South America. The polyphagous larvae live on a variety of deciduous and coniferous trees[2] and can cause severe damage in years of mass reproduction. Due to these features, Lymantria dispar is listed among the world's 100 most invasive alien species.
Subspecies
| Common name | Subspecies | Distribution | Identifying characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| European gypsy moth | Lymantria dispar dispar | Europe, western Asia and north Africa,[3]: 6 introduced to Eastern North America | Females winged but flightless[3]: 6 |
| Asian gypsy moth | Lymantria dispar asiatica | Eastern Asia,[3]: 6 introduced to western North America[4] | Females winged and capable of flight; attracted to lights[3]: 6 |
| Japanese gypsy moth | Lymantria dispar japonica | All of Japan[3]: 6 | Large males, very dark brown color[3]: 6 |
The European subspecies (Lymantria dispar dispar) is native to temperate forests in western Europe. It had been introduced to the United States in 1869, and to Canada in 1912.
The Asian subspecies (Lymantria dispar asiatica) is native to temperate Asia east of the Ural mountains. Since the early 1990s it has also been detected along the West Coast of temperate North America. From southern Europe it is spreading northwards into Germany and other countries, where it hybridizes with the European gypsy moth, L. d. dispar.[citation needed] A colony had been reported from Great Britain in 1995.[citation needed]
Pest control measures
In North America, the parasitoid chalcid wasp Ooencyrtus kuvanae was introduced as a biological control agent against the gypsy moth. The egg-parasitizing wasp is, however, not strictly host specific, as it also parasitizes the eggs of other Lepidoptera species.[5][6]
Etymology
Moths of the subfamily Lymantriinae are commonly called tussock moths due to the tussock-like tufts of hair on the caterpillars.[7]: 9
Entomological Society of America dropped the name "gypsy moth" from their common names database. [8] A replacement name for Lymantria dispar is currently under consideration.
The name Lymantria dispar is composed of two Latin-derived words. The generic name Lymantria means 'destroyer'.[9] The species epithet dispar means 'to separate' in Latin; it refers to the sexual dimorphism observed in the male and female imagines.[7]: 9
Taxonomy
The North American and European Lymantria dispar moths are considered to be the same subspecies, usually referred to as Lymantria dispar dispar.[3]: 6 Confusion over the classification of species and subspecies still remains. The U. S. Department of Agriculture defines the Asian subspecies as "any biotype of L. dispar possessing female flight capability",[3]: 5 despite L. d. asiatica not being the only accepted subspecies that is capable of flight.[3]: 6 Traditionally, L. dispar has been referred to as "gypsy moth" even when referring to Japanese, Indian and Asiatic gypsy moth populations.[3]: 5
Notes
References
- ^ "Bug experts seeking new name for destructive gypsy moths". king5.com. July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
- ^ FAO - Profiles of selected forest pests[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Pogue, Michael. "A review of selected species of Lymantria Huber [1819]" (PDF). Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
- ^ "Asian Gypsy Moth Lymantria dispar asiatica". Pest Tracker National Agricultural Pest Information System. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
- ^ Christenson, Amy (June 1997). "Know Your Friends". Midwest Biological Control News. Archived from the original on 26 November 2018.
- ^ Brown, M. W. (1984). "Literature review of Ooencyrtus kuvanae [Hym.: Encyrtidae], an egg parasite of Lymantria dispar [Lep: Lymantriidae]". Entomophaga. 29 (3): 249–265. doi:10.1007/BF02372112.
- ^ a b The Gypsy Moth: Research Toward Integrated Pest Management, United States Department of Agriculture, 1981
- ^ "Entomological Society of America Discontinues Use of Gypsy Moth, Ant Names". Entomological Society of America. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
- ^ Free Dictionary for Lymantria
External links
- Gypsy moth on UKmoths
- Gypsy moth in Morocco
- Bugguide.net
- Species Profile: European Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar) from the National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library
