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== Applications ==
== Applications ==
The EmojiGrid was inspired by Russell’s Affect Grid <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Russell|first=James A.|last2=Weiss|first2=Anna|last3=Mendelsohn|first3=Gerald A.|date=1989|title=Affect Grid: A single-item scale of pleasure and arousal.|url=http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/0022-3514.57.3.493|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|language=en|volume=57|issue=3|pages=493–502|doi=10.1037/0022-3514.57.3.493|issn=1939-1315}}</ref> and was originally developed and validated for the affective appraisal of food stimuli <ref name="TK2018">{{Cite journal|last=Toet|first=Alexander|last2=Kaneko|first2=Daisuke|last3=Ushiama|first3=Shota|last4=Hoving|first4=Sofie|last5=de Kruijf|first5=Inge|last6=Brouwer|first6=Anne-Marie|last7=Kallen|first7=Victor|last8=van Erp|first8=Jan B. F.|date=2018|title=EmojiGrid: A 2D Pictorial Scale for the Assessment of Food Elicited Emotions|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02396/full|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|volume=9|pages=2396|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02396|issn=1664-1078|pmc=6279862|pmid=30546339}}</ref>, since conventional affective self-report tools (e.g., Self-Assessment Mannikin <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bradley|first=Margaret M.|last2=Lang|first2=Peter J.|date=1994|title=Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005791694900639|journal=Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry|language=en|volume=25|issue=1|pages=49–59|doi=10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9}}</ref>) are frequently misunderstood in that context <ref name="TK2018" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kaneko|first=Daisuke|last2=Toet|first2=Alexander|last3=Ushiama|first3=Shota|last4=Brouwer|first4=Anne-Marie|last5=Kallen|first5=Victor|last6=van Erp|first6=Jan B.F.|date=2019|title=EmojiGrid: A 2D pictorial scale for cross-cultural emotion assessment of negatively and positively valenced food|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0963996918307713|journal=Food Research International|language=en|volume=115|pages=541–551|doi=10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.049}}</ref>. It has since been used and validated for the affective appraisal of a wide range of affective stimuli such as images <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Toet|last2=van Erp|date=2019|title=The EmojiGrid as a Tool to Assess Experienced and Perceived Emotions|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8611/1/1/36|journal=Psych|language=en|volume=1|issue=1|pages=469–481|doi=10.3390/psych1010036|issn=2624-8611}}</ref>, audio and video clips <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Toet|first=Alexander|last2=van Erp|first2=Jan B. F.|date=2020|title=Affective rating of audio and video clips using the EmojiGrid|url=https://f1000research.com/articles/9-970/v1|journal=F1000Research|language=en|volume=9|pages=970|doi=10.12688/f1000research.25088.1|issn=2046-1402|pmc=8080979|pmid=33968373}}</ref>, 360 VR videos <ref>{{Citation|last=Toet|first=Alexander|title=The EmojiGrid as an Immersive Self-report Tool for the Affective Assessment of 360 VR Videos|date=2019|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-31908-3_24|work=Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality|volume=11883|pages=330–335|editor-last=Bourdot|editor-first=Patrick|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-31908-3_24|isbn=978-3-030-31907-6|access-date=2021-11-28|last2=Heijn|first2=Fabienne|last3=Brouwer|first3=Anne-Marie|last4=Mioch|first4=Tina|last5=van Erp|first5=Jan B. F.|editor2-last=Interrante|editor2-first=Victoria|editor3-last=Nedel|editor3-first=Luciana|editor4-last=Magnenat-Thalmann|editor4-first=Nadia}}</ref>, touch events <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Toet|first=Alexander|last2=van Erp|first2=Jan B. F.|date=2020|editor-last=Scilingo|editor-first=Enzo Pasquale|title=The EmojiGrid as a rating tool for the affective appraisal of touch|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237873|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=15|issue=9|pages=e0237873|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0237873|issn=1932-6203|pmc=7467219|pmid=32877409}}</ref>, and odors <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Liu|first=Yingxuan|last2=Toet|first2=Alexander|last3=Krone|first3=Tanja|last4=van Stokkum|first4=Robin|last5=Eijsman|first5=Sophia|last6=van Erp|first6=Jan B. F.|date=2020|editor-last=Greco|editor-first=Alberto|title=A network model of affective odor perception|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236468|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=15|issue=7|pages=e0236468|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0236468|issn=1932-6203|pmc=7392242|pmid=32730278}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Toet|first=Alexander|last2=Eijsman|first2=Sophia|last3=Liu|first3=Yingxuan|last4=Donker|first4=Stella|last5=Kaneko|first5=Daisuke|last6=Brouwer|first6=Anne-Marie|last7=van Erp|first7=Jan B.F.|date=2020|title=The Relation Between Valence and Arousal in Subjective Odor Experience|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12078-019-09275-7|journal=Chemosensory Perception|language=en|volume=13|issue=2|pages=141–151|doi=10.1007/s12078-019-09275-7|issn=1936-5802}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Van der Burg|first=Erik|last2=Toet|first2=Alexander|last3=Brouwer|first3=Anne-Marie|last4=van Erp|first4=Jan B. F.|date=2021|title=Sequential Effects in Odor Perception|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12078-021-09290-7|journal=Chemosensory Perception|language=en|doi=10.1007/s12078-021-09290-7|issn=1936-5802}}</ref>. Since it is intuitive and language independent, the EmojiGrid is also suitable for cross-cultural research <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kaneko|first=Daisuke|last2=Toet|first2=Alexander|last3=Ushiama|first3=Shota|last4=Brouwer|first4=Anne-Marie|last5=Kallen|first5=Victor|last6=van Erp|first6=Jan B.F.|date=2019|title=EmojiGrid: A 2D pictorial scale for cross-cultural emotion assessment of negatively and positively valenced food|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0963996918307713|journal=Food Research International|language=en|volume=115|pages=541–551|doi=10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.049}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kaneko|first=Daisuke|last2=Stuldreher|first2=Ivo|last3=Reuten|first3=Anne J. C.|last4=Toet|first4=Alexander|last5=van Erp|first5=Jan B. F.|last6=Brouwer|first6=Anne-Marie|date=2021|title=Comparing Explicit and Implicit Measures for Assessing Cross-Cultural Food Experience|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnrgo.2021.646280/full|journal=Frontiers in Neuroergonomics|volume=2|pages=646280|doi=10.3389/fnrgo.2021.646280|issn=2673-6195}}</ref> and research involving children or low-literate participants.
The EmojiGrid was inspired by Russell’s Affect Grid <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Russell|first=James A.|last2=Weiss|first2=Anna|last3=Mendelsohn|first3=Gerald A.|date=1989|title=Affect Grid: A single-item scale of pleasure and arousal.|url=http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/0022-3514.57.3.493|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|language=en|volume=57|issue=3|pages=493–502|doi=10.1037/0022-3514.57.3.493|issn=1939-1315}}</ref> and was originally developed and validated for the affective appraisal of food stimuli <ref name="TK2018">{{Cite journal|last=Toet|first=Alexander|last2=Kaneko|first2=Daisuke|last3=Ushiama|first3=Shota|last4=Hoving|first4=Sofie|last5=de Kruijf|first5=Inge|last6=Brouwer|first6=Anne-Marie|last7=Kallen|first7=Victor|last8=van Erp|first8=Jan B. F.|date=2018|title=EmojiGrid: A 2D Pictorial Scale for the Assessment of Food Elicited Emotions|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02396/full|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|volume=9|pages=2396|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02396|issn=1664-1078|pmc=6279862|pmid=30546339}}</ref>, since conventional affective self-report tools (e.g., Self-Assessment Mannikin <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bradley|first=Margaret M.|last2=Lang|first2=Peter J.|date=1994|title=Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005791694900639|journal=Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry|language=en|volume=25|issue=1|pages=49–59|doi=10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9}}</ref>) are frequently misunderstood in that context <ref name="TK2018" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kaneko|first=Daisuke|last2=Toet|first2=Alexander|last3=Ushiama|first3=Shota|last4=Brouwer|first4=Anne-Marie|last5=Kallen|first5=Victor|last6=van Erp|first6=Jan B.F.|date=2019|title=EmojiGrid: A 2D pictorial scale for cross-cultural emotion assessment of negatively and positively valenced food|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0963996918307713|journal=Food Research International|language=en|volume=115|pages=541–551|doi=10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.049}}</ref>. It has since been used and validated for the affective appraisal of a wide range of affective stimuli such as images <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Toet|last2=van Erp|date=2019|title=The EmojiGrid as a Tool to Assess Experienced and Perceived Emotions|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8611/1/1/36|journal=Psych|language=en|volume=1|issue=1|pages=469–481|doi=10.3390/psych1010036|issn=2624-8611}}</ref>, audio and video clips <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Toet|first=Alexander|last2=van Erp|first2=Jan B. F.|date=2020|title=Affective rating of audio and video clips using the EmojiGrid|url=https://f1000research.com/articles/9-970/v1|journal=F1000Research|language=en|volume=9|pages=970|doi=10.12688/f1000research.25088.1|issn=2046-1402|pmc=8080979|pmid=33968373}}</ref>, 360 VR videos <ref>{{Citation|last=Toet|first=Alexander|title=The EmojiGrid as an Immersive Self-report Tool for the Affective Assessment of 360 VR Videos|date=2019|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-31908-3_24|work=Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality|volume=11883|pages=330–335|editor-last=Bourdot|editor-first=Patrick|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-31908-3_24|isbn=978-3-030-31907-6|access-date=2021-11-28|last2=Heijn|first2=Fabienne|last3=Brouwer|first3=Anne-Marie|last4=Mioch|first4=Tina|last5=van Erp|first5=Jan B. F.|editor2-last=Interrante|editor2-first=Victoria|editor3-last=Nedel|editor3-first=Luciana|editor4-last=Magnenat-Thalmann|editor4-first=Nadia}}</ref>, touch events <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Toet|first=Alexander|last2=van Erp|first2=Jan B. F.|date=2020|editor-last=Scilingo|editor-first=Enzo Pasquale|title=The EmojiGrid as a rating tool for the affective appraisal of touch|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237873|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=15|issue=9|pages=e0237873|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0237873|issn=1932-6203|pmc=7467219|pmid=32877409}}</ref>, and odors <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Liu|first=Yingxuan|last2=Toet|first2=Alexander|last3=Krone|first3=Tanja|last4=van Stokkum|first4=Robin|last5=Eijsman|first5=Sophia|last6=van Erp|first6=Jan B. F.|date=2020|editor-last=Greco|editor-first=Alberto|title=A network model of affective odor perception|url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236468|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=15|issue=7|pages=e0236468|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0236468|issn=1932-6203|pmc=7392242|pmid=32730278}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Toet|first=Alexander|last2=Eijsman|first2=Sophia|last3=Liu|first3=Yingxuan|last4=Donker|first4=Stella|last5=Kaneko|first5=Daisuke|last6=Brouwer|first6=Anne-Marie|last7=van Erp|first7=Jan B.F.|date=2020|title=The Relation Between Valence and Arousal in Subjective Odor Experience|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12078-019-09275-7|journal=Chemosensory Perception|language=en|volume=13|issue=2|pages=141–151|doi=10.1007/s12078-019-09275-7|issn=1936-5802}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Van der Burg|first=Erik|last2=Toet|first2=Alexander|last3=Brouwer|first3=Anne-Marie|last4=van Erp|first4=Jan B. F.|date=2021|title=Sequential Effects in Odor Perception|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12078-021-09290-7|journal=Chemosensory Perception|language=en|doi=10.1007/s12078-021-09290-7|issn=1936-5802}}</ref>. Since it is intuitive and language independent, the EmojiGrid is also suitable for cross-cultural research <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kaneko|first=Daisuke|last2=Toet|first2=Alexander|last3=Ushiama|first3=Shota|last4=Brouwer|first4=Anne-Marie|last5=Kallen|first5=Victor|last6=van Erp|first6=Jan B.F.|date=2019|title=EmojiGrid: A 2D pictorial scale for cross-cultural emotion assessment of negatively and positively valenced food|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0963996918307713|journal=Food Research International|language=en|volume=115|pages=541–551|doi=10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.049}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kaneko|first=Daisuke|last2=Stuldreher|first2=Ivo|last3=Reuten|first3=Anne J. C.|last4=Toet|first4=Alexander|last5=van Erp|first5=Jan B. F.|last6=Brouwer|first6=Anne-Marie|date=2021|title=Comparing Explicit and Implicit Measures for Assessing Cross-Cultural Food Experience|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnrgo.2021.646280/full|journal=Frontiers in Neuroergonomics|volume=2|pages=646280|doi=10.3389/fnrgo.2021.646280|issn=2673-6195}}</ref> and research involving children or low-literate participants.

= Implementation =
In a computer-based response paradigm, only the image area inside the horizontal and vertical grid borders should be responsive (clickable), so that users can report their affective response by pointing and/or clicking inside the grid.  In practice, this may be achieved by superimposing ''(1)'' a clickable image of the unlabeled grid area on top of ''(2)'' a larger image showing the grid area together with the emoji labels. The images needed to implement the EmojiGrid are freely available [https://osf.io/h82yb/].


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 12:27, 29 November 2021

EmojiGrid

The EmojiGrid is an affective self-report tool consisting of a rectangular grid that is labelled with emojis. The facial expressions of the emoji labels vary from disliking (unpleasant) via neutral to liking (pleasant) along the x-axis (valence), and gradually increase in intensity along the y-axis (arousal). To report their affective appraisal of a given stimulus, users mark the location inside the grid that best represents their impression. The EmojiGrid can either be used as a paper- or computer-based response tool. The images needed to implement the EmojiGrid are freely available [1].

The EmojiGrid: an emoji-labelled Valence (horizontal axis) × Arousal (vertical axis) self-report tool.

Applications

The EmojiGrid was inspired by Russell’s Affect Grid [1] and was originally developed and validated for the affective appraisal of food stimuli [2], since conventional affective self-report tools (e.g., Self-Assessment Mannikin [3]) are frequently misunderstood in that context [2][4]. It has since been used and validated for the affective appraisal of a wide range of affective stimuli such as images [5], audio and video clips [6], 360 VR videos [7], touch events [8], and odors [9][10][11]. Since it is intuitive and language independent, the EmojiGrid is also suitable for cross-cultural research [12][13] and research involving children or low-literate participants.

Implementation

In a computer-based response paradigm, only the image area inside the horizontal and vertical grid borders should be responsive (clickable), so that users can report their affective response by pointing and/or clicking inside the grid.  In practice, this may be achieved by superimposing (1) a clickable image of the unlabeled grid area on top of (2) a larger image showing the grid area together with the emoji labels. The images needed to implement the EmojiGrid are freely available [2].

See also

Categories


Further reading

  • P. Kuppens, F. Tuerlinckx, J. A. Russell et al., “The relation between valence and arousal in subjective experience”, Psychological Bulletin, 139(4), 917-940 (2013). doi: 10.1037/a0030811
  • A. M. Mattek, G. L. Wolford, and P. J. Whalen, “A mathematical model captures the structure of subjective affect”, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(3), 508-526 (2017). doi: 10.1177/1745691616685863
  • E. Van der Burg, A. Toet, Z. Abbasi et al., “Sequential dependency for affective appraisal of food images”, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1), paper nr. 228 (2021). doi: 10.1057/s41599-021-00909-4
  • E. Van der Burg, A. Toet, A.-M. Brouwer et al., “Serial dependence of emotion within and between stimulus sensory modalities”, Multisensory Research, 1-22 (2021). doi: 10.1163/22134808-bja10064


References

  1. ^ Russell, James A.; Weiss, Anna; Mendelsohn, Gerald A. (1989). "Affect Grid: A single-item scale of pleasure and arousal". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 57 (3): 493–502. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.3.493. ISSN 1939-1315.
  2. ^ a b Toet, Alexander; Kaneko, Daisuke; Ushiama, Shota; Hoving, Sofie; de Kruijf, Inge; Brouwer, Anne-Marie; Kallen, Victor; van Erp, Jan B. F. (2018). "EmojiGrid: A 2D Pictorial Scale for the Assessment of Food Elicited Emotions". Frontiers in Psychology. 9: 2396. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02396. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 6279862. PMID 30546339.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  3. ^ Bradley, Margaret M.; Lang, Peter J. (1994). "Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential". Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 25 (1): 49–59. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9.
  4. ^ Kaneko, Daisuke; Toet, Alexander; Ushiama, Shota; Brouwer, Anne-Marie; Kallen, Victor; van Erp, Jan B.F. (2019). "EmojiGrid: A 2D pictorial scale for cross-cultural emotion assessment of negatively and positively valenced food". Food Research International. 115: 541–551. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.049.
  5. ^ Toet; van Erp (2019). "The EmojiGrid as a Tool to Assess Experienced and Perceived Emotions". Psych. 1 (1): 469–481. doi:10.3390/psych1010036. ISSN 2624-8611.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ^ Toet, Alexander; van Erp, Jan B. F. (2020). "Affective rating of audio and video clips using the EmojiGrid". F1000Research. 9: 970. doi:10.12688/f1000research.25088.1. ISSN 2046-1402. PMC 8080979. PMID 33968373.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  7. ^ Toet, Alexander; Heijn, Fabienne; Brouwer, Anne-Marie; Mioch, Tina; van Erp, Jan B. F. (2019), Bourdot, Patrick; Interrante, Victoria; Nedel, Luciana; Magnenat-Thalmann, Nadia (eds.), "The EmojiGrid as an Immersive Self-report Tool for the Affective Assessment of 360 VR Videos", Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality, vol. 11883, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 330–335, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-31908-3_24, ISBN 978-3-030-31907-6, retrieved 2021-11-28
  8. ^ Toet, Alexander; van Erp, Jan B. F. (2020). Scilingo, Enzo Pasquale (ed.). "The EmojiGrid as a rating tool for the affective appraisal of touch". PLOS ONE. 15 (9): e0237873. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237873. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7467219. PMID 32877409.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  9. ^ Liu, Yingxuan; Toet, Alexander; Krone, Tanja; van Stokkum, Robin; Eijsman, Sophia; van Erp, Jan B. F. (2020). Greco, Alberto (ed.). "A network model of affective odor perception". PLOS ONE. 15 (7): e0236468. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236468. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7392242. PMID 32730278.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  10. ^ Toet, Alexander; Eijsman, Sophia; Liu, Yingxuan; Donker, Stella; Kaneko, Daisuke; Brouwer, Anne-Marie; van Erp, Jan B.F. (2020). "The Relation Between Valence and Arousal in Subjective Odor Experience". Chemosensory Perception. 13 (2): 141–151. doi:10.1007/s12078-019-09275-7. ISSN 1936-5802.
  11. ^ Van der Burg, Erik; Toet, Alexander; Brouwer, Anne-Marie; van Erp, Jan B. F. (2021). "Sequential Effects in Odor Perception". Chemosensory Perception. doi:10.1007/s12078-021-09290-7. ISSN 1936-5802.
  12. ^ Kaneko, Daisuke; Toet, Alexander; Ushiama, Shota; Brouwer, Anne-Marie; Kallen, Victor; van Erp, Jan B.F. (2019). "EmojiGrid: A 2D pictorial scale for cross-cultural emotion assessment of negatively and positively valenced food". Food Research International. 115: 541–551. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.049.
  13. ^ Kaneko, Daisuke; Stuldreher, Ivo; Reuten, Anne J. C.; Toet, Alexander; van Erp, Jan B. F.; Brouwer, Anne-Marie (2021). "Comparing Explicit and Implicit Measures for Assessing Cross-Cultural Food Experience". Frontiers in Neuroergonomics. 2: 646280. doi:10.3389/fnrgo.2021.646280. ISSN 2673-6195.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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