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{{merge to|Art Deco in the United States|discuss=Talk:Art Deco in the United States#Folding in overlapping articles|date=January 2021}}
#REDIRECT [[Art Deco in the United States#PWA Moderne]] {{R from merge}}
[[File:Hooveri pais 2003.jpg|thumb|[[Hoover Dam]], Arizona/Nevada]]
[[File:San Diego City and Administration Building.jpg|thumb|[[San Diego County Administration Center]]]]

'''PWA Moderne''' (or "P.W.A. Moderne", PWA/WPA Moderne,<ref name=fullerton/> Federal Moderne,<ref name=grove>[https://books.google.com/books?id=sPGdBxzaWj0C&pg=PA147 ''The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art, Volume 1'', Joan M. Marter, ed., p. 147]</ref> Depression Moderne,<ref name=fullerton>[http://www.fullertonheritage.org/Resources/archstyles/pwawpa.htm ''Fullerton Heritage'' site]</ref> Classical Moderne,<ref name=fullerton/> [[Stripped Classicism]]) is an [[architectural style]] of many buildings in the [[United States]] completed between 1933 and 1944,<ref name=grove/> during and shortly after the [[Great Depression]] as part of relief projects sponsored by the [[Public Works Administration]] (PWA) and the [[Works Progress Administration]] (WPA).

The style draws from traditional motifs such as [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] classicism and [[Art Deco]] and is similar to [[Streamline Moderne]],<ref name=grove/><ref>[http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/PWA+Moderne McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction]</ref> often with zigzag ornamentation added. The structures reflect a greater use of conservative and classical elements and have a monumental feel. They include post offices, train stations, public schools, libraries, civic centers, courthouses,<ref name=grove/> museums, bridges, and dams across the country. Banks were also built in the style because such buildings radiated authority.<ref name=fullerton/>

==Elements of the style==
Typical elements of PWA Moderne buildings include:<ref name=fullerton/>
*Classical balanced and symmetrical form
*Windows arranged as vertical recessed panels
*Surfaces sheathed in smooth, flat stone or stucco

==Examples of PWA buildings==
Examples of PWA buildings and structures include:

===Arizona/Nevada===
*[[Hoover Dam]] (Boulder Dam) – on the [[Colorado River]] in [[Arizona]] and [[Nevada]].<ref>[http://www.library.arizona.edu/newdeal/map.html Arizona.edu: "The New Deal in Arizona: Connections to Our Historic Landscape"], University of Arizona, The New Deal in Arizona Chapter of the National New Deal Preservation Association.</ref><ref>[http://content.library.arizona.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/NewDeal/id/197 Arizona.edu: Photos of New Deal projects in Arizona]</ref>
* [[Arizona State Fairgrounds]] Grandstand (1936–1937) – Phoenix, Arizona. The exterior of the grandstand has 23 [[bas-relief]] panels by David Carrick Swing and Florence Blakeslee, that were funded by the [[Federal Art Project]].<ref name=kjzz>[http://kjzz.org/content/181448/did-you-know-arizona-state-fairgrounds-110-years-old KJZZ.org: "Did You Know: Arizona State Fairgrounds 110 Years Old"], by Nadine Arroyo Rodriguez, 21 August 2015; with images of the WPA Grandstand and Administration Building.</ref><ref>[https://livingnewdeal.org/projects/arizona-state-fairgrounds-stadium-and-art-phoenix-az/ Living New Deal Blog: Arizona State Fairgrounds Stadium and Art]</ref>
*[[Arizona State Fairgrounds#WPA Administration Building|WPA Administration Building]] (1938) – at 19th Avenue and McDowell Road on the Arizona State Fairgrounds, Phoenix, Arizona. It was headquarters for Works Progress Administration−WPA projects in Arizona.<ref>[http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/arts/demolition-of-wpa-civic-building-at-arizona-state-fairgrounds-on-temporary-hold-6557901 Phoenix New Times: "Demolition of WPA Civic Building at Arizona State Fairgrounds on Temporary Hold"], 18 July 2014.</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSKJV5-7-pk Youtube.com: "1938 WPA Administration Building in 1949 & 1969"]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.azfamily.com/story/31684995/200000-to-go-toward-preserving-state-fairgrounds-building?autostart=true|title=Azfamily.com: "$200,000 to go toward preserving State Fairgrounds WPA Administration Building"|access-date=10 April 2016}}</ref>

===Florida===
[[File:EdAustin.jpeg|thumb|Ed Austin Building (Former Federal Courthouse, current Florida State Attorney's Office), [[Jacksonville, Florida]]]]
*[[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]]
**Ed Austin Building (former Federal Courthouse, current State Attorney's Office), 1933, [[Marsh & Saxelbye]]

===California===
====Greater Los Angeles====
[[File:2012-09-Venice-Police-Station.jpg|thumb|Venice Police Station, Los Angeles]]
[[File: U.S. Post Office (Long Beach Main).jpg|thumb|[[Long Beach Main Post Office]]]]
[[File: Los Angeles Stock Exchange Building.jpg|thumb|[[Los Angeles Stock Exchange Building]]]]
*[[Burbank, California|Burbank]]: [[Burbank City Hall]], Allen Lutzi<ref name=lac>[https://www.laconservancy.org/architectural-style/pwa-moderne "PWA Moderne", Los Angeles Conservancy website]</ref>
*[[Culver City]]:
**[[Helms Bakery]], 1930, [[E. L. Bruner]]
**[[MGM Studios]], 1938–39, [[Claude Beelman]], [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] in the guise of PWA Moderne
*[[El Segundo, California|El Segundo]]: El Segundo Elementary School, 1936
*[[Hermosa Beach, California|Hermosa Beach]]: North School, 1934 Samuel Lunden (Per File #19-45 of DSA Records); Pier Avenue School, 1939, March, Smith, and Powell
*[[Inglewood, California|Inglewood]]: [[Inglewood Memorial Park]], buildings 1933 and 1940, [[Walter E. Erkes]]
*[[Lancaster, California|Lancaster]]: Post Office (1940, [[Louis A. Simon]] and former School Building (c. 1937)
*[[Lawndale, California|Lawndale]]: [[Leuzinger High School]], T.C. Kistner & Cómo.; Kistner & Curtis; Eugene D. Birnbaum and Associates<ref name=lac/>
*[[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]]
**Jefferson Junior High School Building, 1936
**[[Long Beach Main Post Office]], 1934, [[Louis A. Simon]] and [[James A. Wetmore]]
**Municipal Utilities Building, 1932, Dedrick and Bobbe
**Robert Louis Stevenson school, c. 1936
**Veteran's Memorial Building 1936–37, [[George Kahrs]]
*[[Los Angeles]]:
**[[Abraham Lincoln High School (Los Angeles)|Abraham Lincoln High School]] ([[Lincoln Heights, Los Angeles|Lincoln Heights]]), 1937–38, [[Albert C. Martin, Sr.|Albert C. Martin]]
**[[Carpenter Community Charter School]]
**Distribution Station #28, Department of Water and Power (West L.A.), 1945–46, G. E. Benker, engineer
**[[United States Court House (Los Angeles, 1940)|Federal Building and Post Office (now U.S. Federal Courthouse)]], 1938–1940, [[Louis A. Simon]]
**[[Kenneth Hahn Hall of Administration|Hall of Administration]], 1956–1961: A continuation of the PWA Moderne style in the 1950s
**Hollywood Branch Post Office, 1937, Claude Beellman, Allison and Allison
**[[Pacific Stock Exchange#Los Angeles|Pacific Stock Exchange]], 1929–30, [[Samuel E. Lunden]]
**Police and Fire Station of Venice, c. 1930
**[[San Pedro High School]], 1935–1937, [[Gordon B. Kaufmann]]
**[[Sepulveda Dam]], 1941, flood control dam on the [[Los Angeles River]] in the [[San Fernando Valley]], 1939–1941, War Department
**U.S. Customs House and Post Office ([[San Pedro, Los Angeles|San Pedro]]), 1935
**U.S. Naval and Marine Corps Armory, 1939–40, [[Stiles Clements]]
**[[University of Southern California]] campus: Alan Hancock Foundation and Memorial Museum, 1940, Cram and Ferguson
*[[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]]:
**Armory Gallery (former California State Armory), 1932, Bennett and Haskell
**Grover Cleveland Elementary School, 1934
*[[San Gabriel, California|San Gabriel]]: San Gabriel Union Church and School, 1936
*[[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]]:
**[[Santa Monica City Hall]], 1938–39, [[Donald B. Parkinson]] and [[J. M. Estep]]
**Post Office, Robert Dennis Murray, [[Louis A. Simon]]<ref name=lac />
*[[Torrance, California|Torrance]]:
**[[Auditorium (Torrance High School)]]
**Torrance Public Library, 1936, [[Walker & Eisen]]
*[[Whittier, California|Whittier]]:<ref name=winter>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WWl29hn0C9gC&pg=PA322 ''An Arch Guidebook to Los Angeles'', Robert Winter, p. 322]</ref>
**National Trust and Savings, c. 1935, William H. Harrison
**Whittier Post Office, 1935, Louis A. Simon
**Whittier-Union High School, 1939–40, William H. Harrison

====Elsewhere in California====
[[File:San Diego County Administration Center 3.jpg|thumb|[[San Diego County Administration Center]] sculpture by [[Donal Hord]]]]
*[[Bakersfield, California|Bakersfield]]: [[Kern County Hall of Records]], 1939 remodel, Chris Brewer
*[[Fresno, California|Fresno]]: County Hall of Records, 1937, Allied Architects of Fresno<ref>{{cite web|title=Fresno County, US Courthouses|url=http://www.courthouses.co/us-states/states-a-g/california/fresno-county|access-date=11 Aug 2016}}</ref>
*[[Jackson, California|Jackson]]: Amador County Courthouse, 1940 remodel, George Sellon<ref>{{cite web|title=Amador County, US Courthouses|url=http://www.courthouses.co/us-states/states-a-g/california/amador-county|access-date=11 Aug 2016}}</ref>
*[[Oakland, California|Oakland]]: Alameda County Courthouse, 1939<ref>{{cite web|title=Alameda County, US Courthouses|url=http://www.courthouses.co/us-states/states-a-g/california/alameda-county|access-date=11 Aug 2016}}</ref>
*[[Salinas, California|Salinas]]: Monterey County Courthouse, 1937, Robert Stanton & Charles Butner<ref>{{cite web|title=Monterey County, US Courthouses|url=http://www.courthouses.co/us-states/states-a-g/california/monterey-county|access-date=11 Aug 2016}}</ref>
*[[San Diego]]: [[San Diego County Administration Center]], 1938, Samuel Wood Hamill, [[William Templeton Johnson]], [[Richard Requa]], Louis John Gill<ref>{{cite web|title=San Diego County, US Courthouses|url=http://www.courthouses.co/us-states/states-a-g/california/san-diego-county/|access-date=11 Aug 2016}}</ref>
*[[San Francisco]]: [[San Francisco Mint]], 1937
*[[San Luis Obispo, California|San Luis Obispo]]: San Luis Obispo County Courthouse, 1940, [[Walker & Eisen]]<ref>{{cite web|title=San Luis Obispo County, US Courthouses|url=http://www.courthouses.co/us-states/states-a-g/california/san-luis-obispo-county|access-date=11 Aug 2016}}</ref>
*[[Santa Cruz, California|Santa Cruz]]: Santa Cruz Civic Auditorium, 1939<ref>{{cite web|title=Santa Cruz Civic Auditorium - Santa Cruz CA - Living New Deal|url=https://livingnewdeal.org/projects/santa-cruz-civic-auditorium-santa-cruz-ca|access-date=11 Aug 2016}}</ref>
*[[Visalia, California|Visalia]]: Tulare County Courthouse (now Department of Public Social Services), 1935, Ernest Kump<ref>{{cite web|title=Tulare County, US Courthouses|url=http://www.courthouses.co/us-states/states-a-g/california/tulare-couny|access-date=11 Aug 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tulare County Department of Public Social Services - Visalia CA - Living New Deal|url=https://livingnewdeal.org/projects/tulare-county-department-of-public-social-services-visalia-ca/|access-date=11 Aug 2016}}</ref>

===District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)===
[[File:Folger Shakespeare Library DC.JPG|thumb|[[Folger Shakespeare Library]], [[Washington, D.C.]]]]
[[File:John Adams Building-LOC.jpg|thumb|[[Library of Congress]] Annex ([[John Adams Building]]), [[Washington, D.C.]]]]
*[[Folger Shakespeare Library]], 1932, [[Paul Philippe Cret]]<ref name=grove/>
*[[Library of Congress]] Annex ([[John Adams Building]]), 1939, Pierson & Wilson<ref name=grove/>
*[[Harry S Truman Building]] (particularly the War Department building) of the [[United States Department of State]], 1939, Underwood & Foster<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsa.gov/historic-buildings/harry-s-truman-federal-building-washington-dc|title=Harry S. Truman Federal Building, Washington, DC}}</ref>

===Iowa===
[[File: Sioux City Municipal Auditorium from SW 4.jpg|thumb|alt=Auditorium from the southwest |Sioux City Municipal Auditorium. The smooth brick walls, rounded corners, and deeply incised openings typify the Moderne style.]]
*[[Anamosa, Iowa|Animosa]]: [[Jones County Courthouse (Iowa)|Jones County Courthouse]], 1937, Dougher, Rich and Woodburn
*[[Audubon, Iowa|Audubon]]: [[Audubon County Court House]], 1940, Keffer and Jones
*[[Atlantic, Iowa|Atlantic]]: [[Cass County Courthouse (Iowa)|Cass County Courthouse]], 1934, Dougher, Rich and Woodburn
*[[Burlington, Iowa|Burlington]]: [[Des Moines County Court House]], 1940, Keffer and Jones
*[[Charles City, Iowa|Charles City]]: [[Floyd County Court House]], 1940, Hansen & Waggoner
*[[Dakota City, Iowa|Dakota City]]: [[Humboldt County Courthouse (Iowa)|Humboldt County Courthouse]], 1939
*[[Independence, Iowa|Independence]]: [[Buchanan County Court House (Independence, Iowa)|Buchanan County Court House]], 1940, Dougher, Rich and Woodburn
*[[Indianola, Iowa|Indianola]]: [[Warren County Court House]], 1939, Keffer and Jones
*[[St. Olaf, Iowa|St. Olaf]]: [[St. Olaf Auditorium]], 1939
*[[Sioux City, Iowa|Sioux City]]: [[Sioux City Municipal Auditorium]], 1938–50, Knute E. Westerlind
*[[Waukon, Iowa|Waukon]]: [[Allamakee County Court House]], 1940, Charles Altfillisch
*[[Waverly, Iowa|Waverly]]: [[Bremer County Court House]], 1937, [[Mortimer Cleveland]]

===Minnesota===
[[File:Minneapolis Armory.jpg|thumb|[[Minneapolis Armory]]]]
[[File: Seattle - old Federal Court House 04.jpg|thumb|alt=William K. Nakamura Federal Courthouse from the West|William K. Nakamura Federal Courthouse, Seattle, WA]]
*[[Minneapolis]]: [[Minneapolis Armory]], 1935–36, P.C. Bettenburg; Walter H. Wheeler

===Mississippi===
*[[Mississippi]]: [[Amory National Guard Armory]], 1937–38, Overstreet & Town

===Nevada===
*[[Pioche, Nevada|Pioche]]: [[1938 Lincoln County Courthouse|Lincoln County Courthouse]], 1938, A. Lacy Worswick; L.F. Dow

=== Oregon ===
* [[Salem, Oregon|Salem]]: [[Oregon State Capitol]], 1938, [[Trowbridge & Livingston]]

===Tennessee===
*[[Nashville]]: [[Martin Luther King Magnet at Pearl High School]]

===Texas===
*[[Austin, Texas|Austin]]: [[Heman Marion Sweatt Travis County Courthouse]] 1930,1931, [[Charles Henry Page|Page Brothers]]
*[[Longview, Texas|Longview]]: [[Gregg County| Gregg County Courthouse]] 1932, Voelcker and Dixon<ref name="ESCAPE">{{cite web|title=Gregg County Courthouse, Longview, Texas.|url=http://www.texasescapes.com/TOWNS/Longview/Gregg-County-Courthouse-Longview-Texas.htm|website=www.texasescapes.com|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref>

===Utah===
*[[Orderville, Utah|Orderville]]: [[Valley School (Orderville, Utah)|Valley School]]
*[[Provo, Utah|Provo]]: [[Superintendent's Residence at the Utah State Hospital]], 1934 ([[Colonial Revival architecture|Colonial Revival]]/PWA Moderne)
*[[Santaquin, Utah|Santaquin]]: [[Santaquin Junior High School]]

===Washington===

*[[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]]: [[William Kenzo Nakamura United States Courthouse|William K. Nakamura Federal Courthouse]], 1940, [[Gilbert Stanley Underwood]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://livingnewdeal.org/projects/william-k-nakamura-federal-courthouse-seattle-wa/|title=William K. Nakamura Federal Courthouse - Seattle WA - Living New Deal|access-date=11 Aug 2016}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{C|Moderne architecture}}
* [[Streamline Moderne|Streamline Moderne architecture]]
* [[WPA Rustic]] architecture

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Greif, Martin. ''Depression Modern: The Thirties Style in America''. New York: Universe Books, 1975.
* Prosser, Daniel. "The New Deal Builds: Government Architecture during the New Deal". ''Timeline'' vol. 9, no. 1 (1992): 40–54.
* United States Public Works Administration. ''America Builds: The Record of PWA''. Washington, D.C.: PWA, 1939.

{{Modern architecture}}
{{Architecture in the United States}}

[[Category:PWA Moderne architecture| ]]
[[Category:1930s architecture in the United States|*]]
[[Category:1940s architecture in the United States|*]]
[[Category:Art Deco architecture in the United States|*]]
[[Category:Neoclassical architecture in the United States|*]]
[[Category:Streamline Moderne architecture in the United States|*]]
[[Category:American architectural styles]]
[[Category:Public Works Administration]]
[[Category:Works Progress Administration]]

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